E ʻōlelo ana i nā māla, ʻike pono lākou i ke ʻano o ka māla. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi mau kenekulia o nā māla, a he pono i kēlā me kēia ke nānā pono ʻole. Ke ʻōlelo nei i ke ʻano o nā orchards, e hoʻomanaʻo nui lākou i nā ʻoki hua ʻai - ʻo ka mea maʻamau ka maʻamau ma ka honua. A inā e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i nā māla maʻamau loa, e noʻonoʻo pinepine i ka pōhaku, i hana ʻia ma ka ʻāina o ka Rising Sun. No laila he aha ka ulu ʻana i nā māla a pehea e ʻokoʻa ai kekahi?
Ke kanu nei ke kanaka i nā māla mai nā wā kahiko. ʻAʻohe mea kaumaha ka ʻōlelo a ka Baibala e noho ana nā kānaka mua ma ka māla o ʻEdena. ʻIke ka poʻe āpau he māla a māla me nā hua lāʻau a nā mea kanu a nā kānaka i kanu ai. Hiki ke ulu pono nā pua a me nā mea kanu i laila, a hiki i kahi māla. Kēia mau ʻano lāʻau hou i loko o nā māla, pale iā lākou mai nā pōpilikia a mai nā mea maoli kūlohelohe, maloʻo a me ka makani.
ʻAlaau ma Kapau
Wahi a kekahi moʻolelo, ua hele nā orchards i ka poʻe hele mua a me ka poʻe hōʻuluʻulu ʻana i kahi kūlana i ola a hoʻomaka e kanu i nā kumulāʻau hua kokoke kokoke i ko lākou mau wahi noho. Hoʻopau nā māla maikaʻi i ka pūnāwai a leʻaleʻa iā mākou me ko lākou nani. Hiki i nā āpau ākea loa me kahi āpau a hiki i ka 50-75 hekahi, kahi e ulu ai nā hua ma kahi pālahalaha, a me nā wahi liʻiliʻi ma nā kauhale a me nā hale kauwela. Aia i ka hōʻiliʻili o nā hōʻiliʻili i nā kūlana o ke ao, a ma luna o ka mālama kanaka.
I nā ʻola ʻawaʻawa, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā 5000 o nā pepeke he ola - nā pua, nā manu a me nā ʻalihi manuahi.
I nā māla hoʻolālā, nā pua nani, a me nā marigold, a ulu nā tulip. Eia kekahi, kanu lākou i nā hua waina a me nā mea piʻi e piʻi ana i nā pā a me nā pā. Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka hoʻonani ʻana i kāu pūnaewele, pono ʻoe e hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi i nā ʻano o nā mea kanu a ʻike i ka nui o kā lākou hoʻohui pū ʻana me kekahi i ka wā ʻo ka pua.
ʻO ka laʻana, e hele pū ka clematis curly me nā rosa.
Hoʻoulu a maikaʻi nā Hyacinths a me nā daisies i ka pūnāwai, nā daffodils i ke kauwela kauwela, a hiki ke mahalo ʻia nā chrysanthemums i ka wā o ka ʻālaʻi. A inā e hoʻolālā pololei ʻoe i kāu kanu, a laila e leʻaleʻa i ka māla nani iā ʻoe me kona nani mai ka wā puna mua a i ka hopena o ka hopena.
Ma muli o ke anana pōkole, ulu nā lāʻau a me nā mea kanu i nā māla. I kahi hiʻohiʻona huhū, nā hua lāʻau meli, nā pears, nā plums, nā cherries, a me nā wahi i hoʻomohala ʻia i nā apricots, ʻoni a me nā ʻula.
ʻO Gnomes nā hiʻohiʻona o ka moʻomeheu Europa e noho ana i lalo o nā wahi a me nā mea ulu lāʻau. Wahi a kekahi moʻolelo, inā ʻoe e hālāwai me kahi gome i ka nahele, lawe mai ʻo ia i ka hauʻoli a me ka laki. No laila ua kū ka moʻomeheu i ke kālai kiʻi o nā gnomes, a no ke kūʻai aku hoʻomaka lākou e hana iā lākou ma German Thuringia i ka XX kenekulia. Hana ʻia nā gnomes ma nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe. Akā ka mea kaulana loa i ko lākou ʻāina - ma ka ʻākau a ma ke komohana o ʻEulopa.
He aha ke koholā hua lāʻau a ulu nā mea e ulu ai i loko
He mākaʻāina ʻo Botanical Garden kahi e kanu ʻia ai nā mea kanu, hōʻike ʻia a hōʻike ʻia i nā poʻe malihini o kahi hōʻiliʻili o nā mea kanu mai nā kumulāʻau like ʻole a me nā zalima climatic. Hiki i nā mea ola olakino ke kamaʻilio no nā hola e pili ana i kahi māla botanika, no ka mea ke mālama lākou i kā lākou noiʻi ma ka pono o ka ʻepekema, hoʻonaʻauao a me nā hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana. Hele mai kēlā me kēia lā a pau i ka māla botanical - e mahalo i nā mea kanu maikaʻi a hoʻomaha wale. Ke hana mau nei nā mea noiʻi a me nā limahana māla e mālama a hoʻoikaika i kēia nani. ʻO nā māla huaʻai nui loa ma ka honua nā lālā o ka International Council of Botanical Gardens.
ʻO kekahi mea kanu punahele e ulu nei i loko o ka māla botanical ʻo ka "elephant ear" (kahi ulu lāʻau ʻōiwi ma Asia Hema, Oceania a me Australia hikina. Hoʻopili ia me kona mau lau: me ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o 3 m a ma luna, kahi lau alocasia, e like me kēia mea kālai ʻia ʻana ma ke ʻano ʻepekema, a loaʻa 1 m ka lōʻihi. ʻO ka petiole kahi e waiho ai kēia lau, e like me ka pepeiao o ka elepani, i ka lōʻihi.
Ua wehe ʻia ka māla botanika mua ma Munich i ka makahiki 1809. ʻO kona mea e ola ana, ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka māla botanika kahiko, aia i ke kikowaena o ke kūlanakauhale. A ua lilo ka māla modern i kēia poʻe i nā malihini kipa wale mai i ka makahiki 1914. ʻO ia kahi o ka hale ʻo Nymphenburg a loaʻa iā 400,000 nā malihini kipa i ka makahiki.
ʻO ka māla huaʻala mua loa ma Rūsia e hiki ke kapa ʻia he lāʻau lapaʻau, i hoʻolālā ʻia no nā mea kanu lāʻau. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia e Peter I ma Pokukala i ka makahiki 1706. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ka moʻolelo ua kū nā tsar iā ia i nā lāʻau ʻekolu i loko o kēia māla - larch, spruce a fir - "e hoʻokomo i nā kama'āina i ko lākou ʻokoʻa."
Ua wehe ʻia ke kīhāpai botanika nui o ka Kulanui ʻAmelika ma Lūkini i ka makahiki 1945. ʻEkolu mau makahiki ma mua, ua makemake ʻo Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, ka makua kāne o Peter I, e ʻimi i laila i kēia lā, ʻo kēia māla i loaʻa kekahi o nā wahi nui loa o ka honua. ʻO kāna hōʻiliʻili he ʻoi aku ma mua o 2,000 mau lāʻau a me nā mea kanu lāʻau. Eia kekahi, aia kekahi hale nani o nā kanu ulu a me nā pua ʻē aʻe i kanu ʻia a hoʻopaʻa ʻia e nā botanist.
Ma kekahi mau māla botanical, kūkulu ʻia kahi gazebo - nā pali a i ʻole nā hana nānā i kau ʻia ma nā wahi kiʻekiʻe no ka nānā ʻana aku i nā kaʻe. ʻO ka mahalo, ma ka papa papa "Munchkin" aia kahi kāleka me kēlā inoa. ʻAʻole hiki i ka mea pāʻani ke komo iā ia ke noi i kekahi no ke kōkua, akā pono ke kaua wale nō.
ʻO nā mea mua o nā māla botanical he mau māla lāʻau me nā lāʻau lapaʻau. Ua manaʻoʻiʻo ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke kīhāpai botanika mua i ke kula olakino ma Salerno i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia XIV. Kauka a botanist Matteo Silvatico. ʻO kēia mea ʻepekema medieval i 1317 ua kākau i ka lapaʻau ʻepekema i nā lāʻau lapaʻau. Ua ola kāna puke i nā 11 kope hou ʻana.
Kepani a me nā māla pōhaku (me ke kiʻi)
Ma Iapana, kahi mokupuni mokupuni me nā mauna he nui a me nā ʻāina liʻiliʻi, ʻo ka mea kanu i ka kanu ʻana i nā mea kanu lāʻau i mahalo nui ʻia. ʻO nā māla luakini o Iapana kahi i hana ʻia e nā mō'ī Buddhist a me nā malihini hoʻi ma kahi o hoʻokahi kaukani mau makahiki i hala. Ma Kyoto, ua lilo ia i kapikala ʻo Iapana i 794, ua ʻike ʻia nā māla hoʻolālā i nā hale aliʻi o nā aliʻi aristocrats. Ua ulu nā lem, nā cherries a me ka wisteria i loko o lākou. Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia kahi ʻōnaehana paʻakikī o ka mahina ʻai lāʻau ma nā kenekulia XVIII.
Kūkulu ʻia ka māla Kepani ma lalo o ka mana o ka maalea a me ka hoʻomana a me ka ʻatikala i ka noʻonoʻo o ka aristocracy.
E nānā i nā kiʻi o nā kīhāpai o Iapana: pinepine nā paila papa, nā ʻoni a me nā hale ʻoi o ke kīwī ma ko lākou wahi. I ka makahiki XIX. ua pālahalaha nā kīhāpai Kepani i waena o nā kānaka maʻamau, a ma ka kenekulia XX. ua hele nui ma waho o ka'āina.
Noho ka poihue ʻole i nā wahi nui i loko o nā māla Kepani. Hana lākou i nā māla papa pōhaku kūikawā.
E like me kāu e ʻike ai i ke kiʻi, ʻo kēia māla kupanaha he wahi ākea, i uhi ʻia me ke one a i ʻole nā mea palahilahi. ʻO nā wahi o nā pōhaku pali i nā māla pōhaku e hoʻolohe i nā lula o ka Buddhism. Ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei kēlā paona o ka māla i ka moana, a me nā pōhaku e hōʻailona ai i nā mokupuni, akā hiki i kēlā me kēia kanaka ke noʻonoʻo pū kekahi mea i kā lākou mea ponoʻī. A ma kahi āna e kū ai, e hāʻule ana kona mau maka i ka nui o nā pōhaku. Aia nā ʻano nui o ka māla Kepani i nā pōhaku ke kumu nui.
ʻO ka māla Kina, i ka nānā ʻana o kāna mau mea hana, he hōʻailona ia o ka honua kūʻokoʻa o ka honua, a i kekahi manawa ke hōʻike kanaka o ke ao holoʻokoʻa. No laila, he mau puʻu kūlohelohe, nā kahawai, nā mokupuni, nā kahawai, nā pōhaku, nā ala i kālai ʻia me ka ʻōpala a me ke one. Ma kēlā māla, nā kumulāʻau, nā lāʻau, nā mauʻu, me ka bamboo a me nā cereals ʻē aʻe, nā pua nani a me nā mosses i kanu ʻia.
ʻO ka iʻa Koi, a i ʻole nā kalai brocade, nā ʻano hoʻohihi o nā kalapu maʻamau. Ma Iapana, nui nā ʻano koi, a he 14 ka nui a me nā kala. ʻO kēia mau iʻa e hoʻonani i nā māla a me nā paka ʻaʻole i Iapana wale nō, a ma nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe o ka honua.
Pākaʻi Kaiʻai
Malia paha ʻo kahi ʻoi loa ka pā ola maikaʻi o ka māla he pā. ʻO ka mea maʻamau ke ʻano o nā kumulāʻau a i nā laina, akā e hanana ʻia nā mea kanu grassy, a me nā hua waina hoʻi no ia. Ua kapa ʻia nā pā mai nā mea kanu o kekahi ʻano like monobreed, a mai nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole - hui pū ʻia.
Hoʻolālā ka mea hoʻolālā i nā ʻāina i nā labyrinths kupaianaha mai nā pā. ʻO ka loa loa ka maze ʻōmaʻomaʻo, nona nā 16,000 lāʻau Pelekane yew, i hoʻokumu ʻia ma 1975 ma UK. Aia kona wahi he 60 ʻeka, a ʻo 2.7 km ka lōʻihi o nā neʻe ʻana. I loko o ka maze he 6 mau alahaka a me kahi hale kiaʻi, kahi āu e ʻike ai a loiloi i ke alahele.
ʻO nā kumulāʻau e ulu ana ma ke ala a me nā palena o nā mahina ʻaʻole i hoʻonani wale iā lākou, akā mālama pū i ka lepo a me nā mea āpau ma luna. No ka pale nui ʻana, kanu ʻia nā kaula manawaleʻa - nā kanu lāʻau i ke ʻano o nā lālani o nā kumulāʻau a me nā mea kanu i kūkulu ʻia ma ka ʻāina māla, ma nā wahi kihi, nā māla, nā kapa kai, nā ala a me nā ʻaoʻao. He mea koʻikoʻi kēlā pā i ka paepae a me nā wahi hele lāʻau, kahi e kū pinepine ai ka makani ikaika a maloʻo, a, ʻoiaʻiʻo hoʻi, i nā wahi neoneo a me nā wahi semi-desales, kahi e waiho ai nā ʻano like ʻole i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ke one.
Kūʻai pinepine ʻia nā poplars ma ke kumu o nā ululāʻau ulu, i nā manawa pine lāʻau. Ma hea lākou e ʻike ai, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke ʻano o ka lepo, e paʻa ana ka makika a hoʻakeke ʻia me ka oxygen. Eia kekahi, hana kēia i nā kūlana no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā mea kanu ʻike ʻole. Hana nā manu i nā nest i kēia mau mokupuni, a loaʻa nā holoholona hihiu i ka meaʻai.
ʻO nā kumu lāʻau e ulu ana ma ke ala ʻoi aku ka mea nui. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻaʻole pono e holoi ʻia ko lākou hoʻomoʻi ʻana i ka ua, hoʻoinu ʻia e ka hau a me nā ʻōpala a nā makani i lawe mai ai. I ka kenekulia 19, i ka wā i hoʻohana mua ʻia ai ka hana kaua o ka ululāʻau i mea e pale aku ai i nā ala o ke alanui, ʻaʻole pololei kēia. Ua kokoke kokoke nā lāʻau i nā alahele, no laila ua hoʻonui wale nā hulu hau. ʻO nā kāwili a me ke kālai ʻana, ʻaʻole i kōkua nui i kekahi. Ma hope mai ua hoʻoponopono ʻia kēia mau hewa, a i kēia manawa ke pale palekana nei nā alahele i nā lāʻau ākea ākea.
I ke kenekulia 19, i ka manawa o ka noho aupuni ʻana o Pelekānia ma India, ua kūkulu ka Pelekania i kahi palena ʻāina 4000 km ma laila. Aia i nā muliwai a me nā paia o ka paia, akā ʻo kekahi hapa i lilo i ka pā, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe he ʻehā hoʻi ma kahi o 2.5 m. Aka, ʻaʻole nō i laila no ka manawa lōʻihi: i ka makahiki 1879, ua hoʻopuka ka Pelekānia i kahi mana kalepa kūʻokoʻa ma ka ʻāina, a ua hoopau ʻia ke ola ola. . ^ E Ha yM.
ʻO ka māla hoʻoilo a me nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo (me ke kiʻi)
ʻO nā mea kanu he nui i kūpono ʻole i ke anela kūloko i kūlia i loko. Ua piʻi mai nā poʻe me nā hana like ʻole no kēia. ʻO kahi laʻana, he hale liʻiliʻi kahi hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo me kahi hale hoʻoneʻe ʻalowale, kahi i ulu ai nā hua kanu, a laila hoʻokaʻawale iā ia i loko o kahi ākea. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo a hoʻomehana. ʻAʻole e like me ka'ōmaʻomaʻo, ma laila ʻoe e hoʻolilo ai i ka holoʻokoʻa o ka ulu ʻana o ka mea kanu - mai kahi hua a mai a mea kanu paha e loaʻa ai nā hua. ʻAʻole wela ka hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo; ʻo ia, e like me ke ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ua kūkulu ʻia i ke aniani a i ʻole ka palaka a i hana ʻia no nā pua aloha nui a me nā kumulāʻau. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻaʻole wale i ka lewa ākea, akā i kekahi manawa e hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia i nā hale. Hele mai ka māla hoʻoilo i loko o Europa i ka kenekulia 19.
E like me ka ʻike ma ke kiʻi, kanu ʻia nā lāʻau pāmaʻa a me nā mea kanu hema hema i ka mahina hoʻoilo. ʻO kēia ʻano o ka hale ʻaina wela e waiho pololei ʻia ana i ka hale a i loko o ka lumi hoʻopuni paha i loko o kahi aniani o uhi. Hoʻolālā ʻia ka māla hoʻoilo no ka hoʻomaha, ʻo nā mea kanu maʻamau e ulu ana ma loko.
ʻO ka hale mālama mahina nui o ka hoʻoilo ma kahi o 22,000 m2 kahi i loaʻa ma UK ma ke kihi o Botanical Garden, ʻo ia ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "Garden of Eden". ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo ia mau hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻelua, interconnected. Loaʻa kēlā me kēia pilikino i kona ʻano kūlohelohe maoli. Ua ulu nā mea kanu lāʻau lāʻau i loko o kekahi, a ʻo Mediterranean hoʻi i kekahi.
ʻO ka hua'ōlelo "ʻōmaʻomaʻo" mai ka French "ʻonaʻula" - "ʻulaʻula". ʻOiaʻiʻo, nā melemele, nā hua citrus a me nā evergreens ʻē aʻe, a me nā pua hema hiki ʻole i ulu ma ke ʻākau i ākea ka mea i ulu ma ʻaneʻi. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka lā i ke aniani o ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ka ʻōlelo ʻana, ka hau, nā mea kanu a me ka lepo i loko. ʻO nā pollinators - nā bumblebees, nā pi me ka pīpī manu - ua hoʻokumu ʻia ʻia hoʻi ma ʻaneʻi.
Ma nā hale ulu, ua ulu nā pua, nā mea kanu a me nā huaʻai, ʻaʻole wale nō nā lālā hema. Aia lākou ma lalo o ka palekana palekana. Eia kekahi, hana ma ka ʻōpio pua ma aneʻi.
ʻO ka Butterfly Garden kahi mea i mālama ʻia e hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻōpala, nā ʻōlehu o nā panu. I lele aku ai keia mau iniseti akāka "hiamoe", i mālama ʻia ka lulu ma kahi o 25 ° C ma aneʻi. Hoʻonui mau ʻia ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa mau ma ke kīhāpai, e like me nā mokupu. Nui nā mea kanu i mālama i ka ʻai no nā anuʻu a hāʻawi i ka nectar no nā pōpō pipi, kahi e hānai ana i nā pua hoʻohala. Nui nā pata kīhulu e waiho ana i ka hua ma loko o ka māla ponoʻī iā ia, aia kekahi i loko o kahi lumi kūikawā. Ma laila lākou e mālama ai, a hiki i nā malihini ke nānā i ke ʻano o ka pōpō mai ka pupa.
