ʻO nā ʻāpana o nā lāʻau ʻōpiopio he maʻemaʻe, a ʻo ka ʻili o nā kahiko ua uhi ʻia me nā lichens. He aha lākou? Pehea e hōʻoluʻolu ai iā ia a he pono? E hoʻāʻo kākou e nānā.
He aha nā lichens?
ʻAnoNā Laikini) he hui nui nui o nā mea simbiotic e pili ana i nā pua a me nā alikae a me nā cyanobacteria ʻōpiopio. ʻO nā lichens, e like me ke ʻano o kēia mau lā, e komo i ke Aupuni o nā ʻĀina. I kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā hui lichen ma mua o 26,000 mau ʻano.
Evernia plum, a i ole moss (Evernia prunastri) - kahi ʻano o ka lichens e ulu ana ma luna o nā ʻoki a me nā lālā o nā ʻalā a me nā mea lāʻau ʻē ʻole a me nā coniferous, me nā ahi a me ka pine. © ʻO liondelyonʻO nā lichens kahi maʻamau maʻamau a me nā meaola ʻē aʻe. ʻOiai ma ka lāʻau lāʻau ʻehā e pili ana i nā ʻumi like ʻole e ola iā lākou. He mea maʻalahi ke nānā iā lākou i loko o ka māla i ka wā mākeke - ma ka ʻano ua mākaʻa lākou a ʻike hou.
Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻaʻole paleke nā lichens, ʻoiai ʻaʻole lākou i pili i ka mōmona hāmeʻa, akā e ola ana lākou e like me nā mea kanu, no ka mea, aia no ka photosynthesis. Hoʻopili i nā aʻa, nā lichens e hoʻoheheʻe aku i ka wai ma luna o kā lākou papa, a loaʻa i nā minuke kūpono a me ka lepo a me ka wai. Noho lōʻihi ka poʻe lichens - mai nā makahiki he mau a he mau haneli mau makahiki.
Hiki i ke lichen ke ola i nā kūlana kūlohelohe e make i nā mea kanu āpau. Hiki iā lākou ke komo i ka wai mai ka pua. I lalo o nā kūlana pōʻino, mālama ʻia nā algae e hana nei i nā lichens. Ma keʻano maʻamau, kāpae lākou i kā lākou hana i ka wā o ka maloʻo a hōʻike i ka wela nui, a no ka manawa lōʻihi.
No ke aha i ʻike ʻia ai nā laikini ma nā lāʻau?
ʻOi aku ka ʻike o Lichens ma luna o ka lāʻau o nā lāʻau pākōiwi, ʻoiai ka lohi o ka ulu lāʻau o ke ʻano lāʻau e hoʻomoe i ka hoʻomohala ʻana. Eia naʻe, mai hoʻopili pololei i ke ʻano o nā lichens ma kahi lāʻau me kona makahiki. Ke hōʻemi ʻia nei nā pale i nā lichens i nā mea nāwaliwali nāwaliwali. ʻO ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka lāʻau, ke kāʻei i ka ʻili, ka hoʻomāhuʻe o ka pāpale, e alakaʻi ana i ka hoʻoili kino ʻana, e hōʻike ana i ka nui o ka ulu o ka ulu ʻana a me ka olakino maikaʻi o ka mea kanu, ʻaʻole mau i nā ʻano o kā lākou mau makahiki.
Inā maʻi ka lāʻau, pā ʻia e nā fungi parasit, ua hoʻomohala ʻia ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me kahi hou o kāna ʻō. He mea maʻalahi loa nā mea o nā lichens e ulu i nā lāʻau like ʻole a i loko o nā makahiki wale nō hiki iā lākou ke uhi piha loa i ka ʻōpala a me nā lālā.
ʻO Xanthoria parietina (Xanthoria parietina) - lichen o ka ʻohana Teloschistovye, kahi ʻano puaʻa Xanthoria. © Umberto SalvagninE hakakā nei i nā laikini ma nā lāʻau a me nā hana pale
ʻO ke ala e ʻoi aku ka hopena e pili ana me ka lichens. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā lichens mai nā ʻāpana a me nā lālā me nā ʻōpala lāʻau, a i ʻole nā kui keleawe. A laila e hana ʻia kēia mau wahi me kahi hoʻonā 5% (500 g no 10 l o ka wai) o ka pākeke hao.
Hoʻolohe Ke hoʻolilo nei i nā lichens mai nā lāʻau, mālama pono nui, no ka mea hiki i kēia kaʻina ke hōʻino i ka ʻili o nā mea kanu, a me kēia, hiki ke alakaʻi ʻia i ka maʻi o nā mea kanu me nā pōʻino kino a me nā pala parasito.
ʻO ke keʻokeʻo o nā ʻoi a me nā kumulāʻau nui o ka pōpoki i ka hopena o ka lūlū i hōʻemi nui ʻia i ka hopena o ka colonizing trunks lāʻau me nā lichens a me nā mosses. Paipai ʻia kekahi mau ʻepekema hou i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka whitewash ma ka hopena o ka hoʻoilo ma kahi lā mahana. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole pono e aʻo ʻia e keʻokeʻo i nā lā ʻōpio me kahi pāpaʻa: palaka nā pali, hoʻomāhuʻe ʻia ka palaki, a palupalu ke kumu o ka pā.
ʻO ka papa ʻaila ma nā lāʻau
Hiki ke hoʻomākaukau ʻē ʻia i ka lauwili ʻana iā ʻoe iho: no 10 mau wai o ka wai, e lawe i ka 2-3 kg o ka lime hou i kālai ʻia a me 150 g o ka lepo keleawe. E hoʻomau i ka hoʻonā maikaʻi ʻana, e hoʻohui i ka 1-2 kīʻaha o ka waiū skim a i ʻole kahi mea liʻiliʻi o ia.
Kūpono ʻia ka ʻōpiopio mākaukau i kūʻai ʻia ma nā hale kūʻai.
Hoʻoulu ʻo Fmua parmelia (Parmelia sulcata) ma nā lāʻau āpau a me nā lālā lāʻau o nā lāʻau deciduous a me ka coniferous, me ka lāʻau lāʻau i kūkulu ʻia a me ka papa pōhaku, ma ka wahi maʻamau. © SvdmolenPono anei au e hōʻalo i nā laikini ma nā hehi lāʻau?
ʻĀnō e pane mākou i ka nīnau hope loa: pono anei e wehe i nā laikini? Aia he ʻelua mau manaʻo kūʻē kūʻē iā ia.
ʻ sayslelo kekahi o lākou e hana ʻino nā lichens i ka lāʻau, akā hōʻailona wale nō ʻaʻole i hala ka lāʻau i kā lākou e ulu ai. He mea nui ia e loaʻa i ke kumu maoli o ka maʻi o ka mea kanu, a hoʻāʻo e hoʻonui i kona ola, a e hoʻoneʻe paha i ka lāʻau mai ka māla i ʻike ʻole ʻia ka maʻi.
Ke manaʻo nei ka poʻe kūleʻa i nā lichens, ka mea i ulu ma luna o ka ʻōpala a me nā lālā, e uhi ana i ka ʻili o ka lāʻau, kaʻe ʻana o ka kahe o ka lewa i nā ʻaoʻao i loko, e kōkua i ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka lāʻau lāʻau, ma laila e hoʻonāukiuki i nā maʻi ʻē aʻe nui, a lawe ʻia nā lichens. Eia kekahi, ma lalo o kēlā ʻano kūkulu i ke ʻōpala, mālama ʻia nā pale a me nā mea ʻē aʻe o nā hua lāʻau.
Kūleʻa wau i ka manaʻo lua a ʻike pono e hoʻoneʻe i nā lichens e kū mai ana ma luna o nā kalana o koʻu māla.
