ʻO Iulai 22 e like me ka kalena aupuni ke lā o Pankratia a me Cyril. Hoʻomaka i ke koho ʻana i nā blueberries, lā blueberry. "E lawe kaulana ʻo Blueberries mai ka ʻōpū." I ka wā kahiko, ʻōlelo lākou: E hoʻihoʻi ka blueberries i ke olakino a hoʻonui i ka ʻike honua. ʻO Teremnika ka inoa inoa mua. Ua hele mai kēia pā beri maikaʻi. Ua hāʻawi ʻo ia i ka manawa pilikia. ʻO kēlā me kēia lā i manaʻo ʻia e ʻai i nā blueberries maʻa a me nā mea liʻiliʻi (ʻoi aku hoʻi i ke kauwela wela). Mālama kēia ʻāpana iā lākou i nā maʻi āpau, hoʻōla i nā ʻōpū hanu, hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ke koko, a hoʻōla ʻia ka ate.
I nā wahi nahele, ʻo ka hōʻiliʻili o nā blueberries kahi kapu o ka hana a pau a me ka hōʻiliʻili o ka huaʻai. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ka poʻe no ka wikiwiki o ka hōʻiliʻili e kāwili i ka lāʻau blueberry me nā pihi kūikawā. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki, akā, he mau litter.
ʻO nā Blueberries, a i ʻole Blueberries maʻamau, a i ʻole Myrtle Leaf Blueberries (Vaccinium myrtillus).
Ua hoʻohana nā kūpuna i nā ʻōpala a me nā lau blueberry i nā kumulāʻau o ke ola i kēlā me kēia lā, ma ka hana ʻili artisanal: me kā lākou kōkua, ua pena ʻia ke kino i ka brown a me ka melemele. Mai kēia mau huaʻaina, ua hana nā mea pena kiʻi i ka ʻulaʻula a me ka violet dyes (ma ka hana mua i lawe lākou i ka blueberries boron, ma ka lua ua lawe lākou i ka ramen (ramen - spruce forest), a i ke kāwili ʻana i ka wai huaʻai me nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe, loaʻa iā lākou ka lepo no ka huluhulu a me ka lole.
Kūleʻa nā Blueberries i loko o Caucasus, ʻoiai heʻokoʻa ia mai kā mākou ma ke ʻākau. Aia ka lāʻau ma laila ke 3 mau mika, nui loa nā lau, a ʻeleʻele nā hua ma ka ʻula, hoʻonani i ka ʻono, ʻoiai ʻaʻole me ka wai lae.
Aia kekahi moolelo e pili ana i nā blueberries. "I kekahi manawa, aia i ka ulu lāʻau ākea, kīnā ʻole, a kokoke ka poʻe i noho i nā pōkā. Ma ke aʻo ʻana i kā lākou waiwai ʻole, hoʻomaka ka ʻōpala ʻana i ka ʻāina, e ʻimi ana i nā waiwai. Ua haʻalele ka poʻe ʻilihune i ko lākou mau hale. ʻAʻole he kanaka i kōkua iā lākou A ʻo ka pua lā wale nō i uhi iā lākou, hūnā iā lākou ma lalo o kāna mau lālā.".
ʻOi koho ʻili.
ʻO ka wehewehe ʻōpala
Nā Blueberries, a i ole Polikaina, a i ole Hoʻolālā myrtle (Vaccínium myrtíllus) He iwi no ka lāʻau o ka makahiki ma waena mai nā hua he Vaccinium o ka ʻohana Heather.
ʻO nā kumulāʻau pōpili he 15-30 cm kiʻekiʻe.ʻalo nā lālā mai ke kumu nui i nā kihi koi. ʻO nā lau he alternate, liʻiliʻi-bayan-serrate, ovate, ʻiliʻoki, hāʻule i ka hoʻoilo. Hoʻoholele ka wai ma ka lau o nā lau a me nā petioles i nā lālā me nā kahawai hohonu, e piʻi ʻia i ka aʻa. Loaʻa i kēia mea kanu nā mea hihiʻo e hāʻawi ana i kahi nui o nā pua.
Hoʻūleʻa nā Blueberries i ka Mei. Ke'ōmaʻomaʻo nā pua-keʻokeʻo, maʻamau, e noho hoʻokahi ana i ka manawa. Loaʻa iā Corolla he 5 mau ʻula. Mahele ka ʻokoʻa. ʻAmlelo 10. Pestle - hoʻokahi. ʻO ka ovary haʻahaʻa. Hoʻomai ʻia ka pua a pale i ka hae mai ka lepo. ʻO nā pollinators nui o nā pua he mau paleka home a me nā bumblebees.
ʻO nā hua o nā blueberries he ʻalaʻula-ʻeleʻele, ʻulaʻula i loko, e kū maikaʻi loa i nā lau melemele. ʻAi ʻia nā huaʻai e nā manu ulu lāʻau, kahi lōʻihi e hānai i nā hua kanu maikaʻi ʻole. Kēia mau hua.
Hoʻohana ʻia nā hua ʻai a me nā lau no nā kumu lāʻau lapaʻau. I kekahi manawa ke ulu a nā blueberries no nā kumu hoʻolālā i nā slide alpine.
ʻO ke kūlohelohe maʻamau e ulu pinepine nā blueberries ma nā ʻāpana ʻākau - i nā ulu lāʻau, ʻo ia ka nui a me nā kahe.
ʻO ka pua pua o nā blueberries.
Ke ulu nei nā blueberries
Ke koho ʻana i kahi no nā blueberries
Hoʻohālikelike ka pono o ka mahana o nā blueberries i nā lula. ʻAʻole kūpono nā wela o ka hoʻoilo ma mua e hōʻeha iā ia. Eia nō naʻe, inā liʻiliʻi ma mua o 40-50 mau lā ma waena o ka hōʻiliʻili a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu, ua hiki i nā hukikele i ka mamao i ka -10 ° C hiki ke hōʻeha i nā lāʻau. Akā ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hōʻino i ka pōʻino o ka pūnāwai punahele i ka wā o ka pua o ka blueberries i ka lua o ka lā o Mei.
Hoʻopili loa nā blueberries i moa no ka nele o ka nāwī, a no laila e pono mau i ka mālama ʻana i ka hoʻonaninani ʻāina hoʻoluʻu ʻokoʻa. Ma nā ʻeleʻele māmā, he nui ka palena o ka wai hohonu (30-90 cm) akā naʻe, ʻaʻole pono ka hoʻomohala mau ʻana i ka wai no ka blueberries i kanu ʻia. ʻAʻole like me ka ulu lāʻau, ulu nā blueberries i ulu maikaʻi aʻe i ka pale, akā e hoʻokuʻi i nā mea nui loa i nā wahi pīkoi.
Kūkākūkā nui nā koi o nā blueberries i ka lepo, no ka mea ua ulu maikaʻi lākou i nā lepo acidic. Pono ka pane ʻana o ka lepo, i loko o nā ʻāpana pH i loko o ka laulā o ka pH 3.8, a wale nō i nā hihia ʻē aʻe ke ulu nā blueberries ma nā ʻāina me nā mea kiʻekiʻe o ka pH me nā mālama ʻāina kūpono.
ʻO nā lepo momona a nā humus, me nā mea one, kūpono nā māla i ka blueberries, akā pono e hoʻomākaukau pono i ka ʻāina ma mua o ke kanu ʻana i nā lāʻau.
ʻO ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka lepo no ke kanu ʻana i nā blueberries
Noho ka mākaukau i ka hopena. Ma nā pāpale māmā me ka pH ma lalo o ka 5.0, ua lawa ia e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ʻāina i kahi hohonu o 20 cm e hoʻonui ana i nā kinipōpō pitola me nā meaʻai; ʻO ka ʻōpala tur i hui ʻia me ka sawdust, ʻoki ʻia a i ʻole nā lau ʻoka pau, ʻokoʻa nā hoʻomaʻemaʻe kuke ʻia e hoʻohui ʻia i ka lua kanu.
ʻAʻole lawa ka nui o nā māla māla e ulu i nā blueberries e hānai ana. E hoʻomaka koke ana nā mea kanu i kanu ʻia i nā lau melemele, nā ʻōpala e pau i kahi ulu a make a make hoʻi. Hiki ke hoʻokō maikaʻi wale nō me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka lepo kūpono. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, pono ʻoe e hoʻomākaukau i kahi lua me ka nui o 150 x 150 cm a me ka hohonu o 60 cm no kēlā me kēia pālapa bilberry a ʻeli paha i ka kaila o ka laulā like a hohonu. Hoʻohui ʻia ka lepo mai nā lua i loko o kahi mauʻu 2: 1 me nā ʻaukā pit, ʻōpala ʻo nā ʻoka ʻoki, etc., a me nā ʻōpala koʻikoʻi, hoʻohui ʻia ka ʻōpū o ka muliwai.
ʻO ka hoʻohui o 150-250 g o ka pulū pulu (kele kala) ma kahi o 1 m3 e hoʻohālikelike hou i ka lepo ma mua. Pono e hanaʻia kēia mau hana a pau i ka manawa kūpono i ka manawa i loko o nā lua ke manawa e hoʻonā ai. Ke kanu nei i nā kumulāʻau blueberry i ʻOkakopa, pono e hoʻopau ʻia kēia mau hana āpau ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Kepakemapa.
ʻO nā Blueberries, a i ʻole Blueberries maʻamau, a i ʻole Myrtle Leaf Blueberries (Vaccinium myrtillus).
Ke kanu nei i nā blueberries
Ma ke kānāwai, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka kanu ʻana i nā blueberries i ʻOkakopa a ma mua o ka hoʻomaka o Nowemapa, akā, hiki iā ʻoe ke kanu i nā pua i ka pūnāwai mai Malaki a ʻApelila. ʻO nā mea kanu maikaʻi loa he ʻelua a ʻekolu paha mau makahiki āpau, akā kanu mau nā lāʻau kahiko i ke aʻa a hoʻomaka koke e hānai i nā hua. E hele wikiwiki ana ke komo ʻana o nā blueberries inā kanu ʻia nā mea kanu me kahi pala o ka honua ma ke aʻa, a no laila e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lawe ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai mai kahi mea kanu pū me kahi ʻāpana a i ʻole kahi moku, inā e ulu ana ia mea. Inā mākaukau maikaʻi ka lepo no ka kanu ʻana, ua lawa ia e wehe i kahi hoʻomaha i kahi o ke kanu, e pili ana i ka nui o nā aʻa me kahi ʻalopelu.
Ke kanu nei i kahi ʻōpala a puni nā aʻa, wehe nā aʻa fibrous a hohola maikaʻi. Ua hui ʻia ka lepo mai ka lua kanu waʻa me ka pāpū a me ka one kahawai, a ninini ʻia ka lua me kēia ʻano kāwili, a laila hoʻohui ʻia nā wāwae a puni ka lāʻau. He mea maikaʻi loa ka mulch i kahi e kanu ai i nā blueberries me ka sawdust, nā lau hāʻule a i ʻole ka lau, no ka mea e kōkua i ka mālama pono ʻana i ka wai a hāʻawi i ka pale i ka hau i ka wā kanu kanu. Kūkulu ʻia nā lāʻau i ka hohonu like me ua ulu lākou i loko o ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
Inā ʻaʻole hiki i nā lāʻau blueberry ke kanu koke ʻia ma hope o ke kūʻai ʻana, pono lākou e kau ma ka malu a mālama i ka hydration. Hiki i kahi palupalu maloʻo kahi moku maʻalahi ke alakaʻi i ka nalowale o ka mea kanu.
Hiki ke kanu hou ʻia nā lāʻau blueberry kahiko, akā wale nō me kahi lago kūpono o ka ʻāina. Ma hope o ke kanu ʻana, ua ʻoki ʻia nā lālā a pau i ke kiʻekiʻe o 10-30 cm.
ʻO ka mālama ʻānō
ʻO ka mālama maikaʻi o ka māla maikaʻi i nā blueberries e hoʻopili i kahi o ka sawdust 10 cm mānoanoa, ka mea i hui pū ʻia me ka topsoil a mālama mau ʻia i kahi kūlana maikaʻi. He hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi nō hoʻi nā hoʻomaʻemaʻe kīwaha. ʻO nā ʻano āpau o nā coating (mauʻu, nā lau i hāʻule ai, a me kekahi mea), me ka hopena ʻē aʻe, akā ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ke kau ʻana o kahi pani.
Inā ʻaʻohe kumu mulching, a laila e hoʻokuʻu pinepine ka lepo i ka makahiki i kahi hohonu hohonu (ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 3 cm). ʻO ka kokoke i ka nahele, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka wehe ʻana, no ka mea aia kekahi aʻa o ka blueberries ma kahi o ka ʻili.
ʻO nā Blueberries, a i ʻole Blueberries maʻamau, a i ʻole Myrtle Leaf Blueberries (Vaccinium myrtillus).
ʻO ka ʻono ʻo Blueberry
ʻO ke kolamu o nā mea kanu, ka mea ma ke aniani, nā kākā oneone, a me ka lepo i ka maikaʻi i ka humus, he hana nui e hoʻonui ai i ka hua o nā blueberries i hānai ʻia. Ka hiiʻi maikaʻi ʻia, hoʻopono wai momona a mea hoʻonaninani paha, i waiwai me nā mea kanu e like me ka ʻōhū manu a me nā minima wai - kūpono kēia mea kūpono no ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā lāʻau me nā mea kanu organik. Wahi a nā kumu, a me nā kūlana, ʻo kēlā me kēia mau makahiki 2-3 e aʻo ʻia e kanu i ka 2-4 kg / m2 o nā mea kanu organik i ka topsoil a puni nā kumu lāʻau.
ʻO ke kanu ʻana o ka mineral me ka hoʻolako ʻana i nā pua me nā mea kanu e kōkua nō hoʻi e hoʻoponopono i ka ʻano o ka lepo. Ma nā ʻāina me ka pH mai ka 4.0 a hiki i ka 5.0, e hoʻohana wale ʻia ka ammonium sulfate, kalimagnesia (pākala a me nā konohiki sulfate) a me ka superphosphate.
ʻO nā mea laikini paʻakikī no nā blueberries, kūpono wale nō ka chlorine-pia piafoxan a i ʻole "aciplex", kahi paʻakai pākala no nā mea kanu a me nā mea conifers, kūpono.
No ka hoʻouluʻana i nā blueberries i kanu ʻia, hiki i nā ʻōkuhi i ʻōlelo ʻia (g / m2).
| Piafoskan biru (10-6-25) | Nā ʻōpio ʻōpio | Nā hua lāʻau |
| ʻO ka helu mua (Malaki-ʻApelila) | 30 | 60 |
| ʻO ka lua kekona (ʻo Iune i mua) | 20 | 3 |
Ke koi aku nei i nā mea kanu no ka manawa mua, "aciplex" pono ia e koho, a i ka wā e hoʻohana ai i ka lua, ua uliuli nā piafoskan. Hāʻawi ʻia ka paluahi a puni nā ʻōpala a pihi kulu nui ʻia me ka hoe i ka lepo. Inā hoʻoholo ia e hōʻuluʻulu i ka paila i hoʻoneʻe ʻia, a laila 1000 g ke hoʻoheʻe ʻia i 10 l wai o ka wai, a laila e hoʻopili ʻia ka huina o ka huina ma nā wahi he 10 i nā lā he 10. Hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia i ka hopena ʻelua (i Iune) no nā lāʻau kahiko a me nā hopena nui loa ma 10-20 g / m2. I kēlā me kēia 2-3 makahiki, pono e nānā i ka hopena o ka lepo. Ma nā kumukūʻai pH ma luna o 5.0, 50-60 g o ka ʻōpala pulu e lulu a puni a puni kēlā me kēia makahiki a hiki i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka waiwai pH makemake. Akā, i ka hapanui, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka wahie no ka mulching a puni nā lāʻau e lawa ai i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka hopena o ka lepo.
ʻO nā ʻano nui o nā blueberries
Blueberry - Vaccinium myrtillus.
Ke ulu nui nei nā blueberries ma ka ʻāpana ʻĀina o Rusia, ʻĀpika a me Western Siberia, ka Far East, a me ka ʻāpana ʻākau o ʻAmelika Hema. Ua ulu ia ma nā ululā poʻipoʻu pohō a me nā puʻu, i ka tundra, forest-tundra, i nā sphagnum bogs, i nā kuahiwi a hiki i 2000 m ma luna o ke kai. Hoʻonui pinepine ʻia nā mea kanu, ka ulu ʻana i nā mānoanoa nui. Mālama ia i nā malu.
He ākea ka laulā o Blueberries. ʻAʻole koi nui ka haʻahaʻa, loaʻa ia ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke kahawai a i nā lāʻau pāpaona, a i nā wahi maloʻo nui. E ʻoi aku ia i nā wahi i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia, akā hiki ke ulu i nā wahi ulana, eia nō naʻe ma nā wahi ākea ka make pinepine ʻole a ʻāpana paha. Eʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o nā kuʻina o ka mahana ma mua o nā lingonberries. ʻOi aku ka makemake i nā ʻāina ma mua o nā lingonberries. Aia aia ma ka pāpū a ma nā mauna, e piʻi ana i ke kiʻekiʻe o 2800 m ma luna o ke kai. m., aka, ma ka palena o ka ululima i mea ole ia i hua.
ʻO nā Blueberries, a i ʻole Blueberries maʻamau, a i ʻole Myrtle Leaf Blueberries (Vaccinium myrtillus).
Pokukaio ʻO Blueberry - Vaccinium arctostaphylos
ʻO Blueberry Kaukaia, a i ʻole Blueberry Kaukaia - ʻO ka mea nui wale no ka nui o nā ʻano e ulu ana ma luna o ke kai o mua o USSR, e piʻi ana i nā kuahiwi i ke kāʻei o ka nahele ma luna. Kahele ʻia i ka Caucasus a me ʻĀsia ʻĀpika Minor (a ʻo ia hoʻi ma ka Hikina o Bulgaria a me ʻArani ʻĀpana. Nui nō ia i nā kuahiwi ma ke kiʻekiʻe he 1000-2000 m ma mua o ke kai, i ka beech, ahi a me ka puna sprint-beech, ʻaʻole pinepine i ka umauma a me ka nā lāʻau lāʻau, nā mea hana i ka pala ma ke kāʻei o nā loina subalpine a mālama ʻia i nā mālama kūlohelohe.
He pua koʻikoʻi nui a i ʻole ka lāʻau liʻiliʻi, a hiki i ka 2-3 m ke kiʻekiʻe, me nā huaʻaiʻai, e ulu ana ma nā ululāʻau ʻo Colchis a me nā kuʻuna. Nā lau (6-8 cm lōʻihi) a ʻoi aku nā huaʻai i ʻoi aku ma mua o nā blueberries maʻamau. E pua ana i ka Mei - Iulai; hua nā hua a Iulai i ʻAukake. Hoʻohana ʻia nā hua ʻona o ka blueberry Caucasian me nā hua o kahi blueberry maʻamau.
ʻO ka Pelekikena Pelekane, a i ʻole ʻo Blueberry Kaukaia (Vaccinium arctostaphylos).
Blueberry ovalifolia - Vaccinium ovalifolium.
ʻO Blueberry ovalifolia - kahi ʻano lāʻau o nā mea kanu mai ʻAmelika ʻAmelika Primorye, Sakhalin, Commander, Kuril, Aleutian, Iapana, ʻAmelika ʻAmelika. Ua ulu ia ma nā ulu puʻu conifous a hui ʻia ma nā pihi kuahiwi a ma nā ʻāina pāpū, i nā mākaʻi lāʻau kedera, a pinepine i nā mānoanoa nui.
ʻO Blueberry oval-leaved, a i ʻole Blueberry oval-leaved, a i ʻole Oval-leaved vaccine (Vaccinium ovalifolium).
He waiwai waiwai o nā blueberries a me nā ʻano o ka noi
Ua kapa lōʻihi loa ia e hoʻomaikaʻi ana nā blueberries i ka ʻike a hōʻemi i ka momona o ka maka. Ua hōʻike ʻia ua paʻakikī nā blueberries i ka hou o ka retina. Aia ʻo Blueberries i ka papa kuhikuhi.
ʻO kekahi ʻano kupaianaha maikaʻi loa o nā blueberries i ʻike ʻia e kekahi ʻepekema ʻAmelika mai Boston, ʻo J. Joseph, ke alakaʻi loea i ka wā ʻelemakule, ʻo ka mea i hōʻike ʻo ia ka hana ʻana i nā laborato i hana ʻia e hōʻoia ʻia he kīlei ʻaʻai piha blueberry e kūʻē i nā hōʻailona o ka wā kahiko e like me ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana, ka ikaika ʻuhane, ka ʻike a me ka i hoʻonohonoho ʻia o nā neʻe.
No nā kumu therapeutic, ʻoki ʻia nā lau a me nā blueberries make ʻole i loko o nā māla lau. Hoʻomau kahi decoction mai nā huaʻai (50 g o nā hua maloʻo i 500 ml o ka wai) a inu i ka lā no ka maʻi i ka maʻi o ka ʻōpū o ka gastrointestinal, ʻōpū, nā ʻano palupaleka o nā maʻi maʻi, nā ʻōpala, ke koko, anemia, tonsillitis, hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka pā a me nā nāwaliwali. contractility, bedwetting, gout, rheumatism, metabolic disorders.
Hoʻohana ʻia ka decoction o nā huaʻa no nā enemas a hoʻoulu i nā ʻōpū hemorrhoids, scaly lichen, eczema. Decoction a infusion ranei lau (1:20) o nā blueberries e mālama i ka maʻi maʻi, nāwī o nā huaʻeha, ka ʻāʻī, nā ʻōpū a me nā pelvis renal, nā maʻi o ka maʻa a me ka pancreas. E inu iā 1/2 kīʻī i 3-5 mau manawa i ka lā.
Ma ka lau hou, ka maloʻo a hoʻolapalapa ʻia, blueberries (kalo, infusion, wai a me ka ʻeli) i hoʻohana ʻia i mea e like me antiseptic, astringent, antiseptic, antibacterial; me ka maʻi ʻaʻī, ka enterocolitis maʻa, hypoacid gastritis, ʻōpū o ka puʻuwai, ka puʻuwai, cystitis, urethritis, rheumatism (ma ke ʻano he hōʻeha. ʻO nā Blueberries i kahi hui me nā strawberry i hoʻohana nui ʻia no ka anemia, urolithiasis; as anti-zingotic, vitamina; me nā ascites, maʻi; i ke ʻano o ka hinu, nā ʻaila, kahi decoction mānoʻāmi a me ka ʻaila - me ka eczema, dermatomycosis, ʻā ʻia. ʻO ka infusion a me kahi decoction o nā blueberries hou e hoʻohana ʻia e holoi me ka stomatitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis. Hoʻohana ʻia kahi decoction o nā blueberries i ke ʻano o nā enemas a me nā ʻono ʻana i nā hemorrhoids, e like me ka inu me ka enuresis.
ʻO ka hupa o nā hua blueberry he momona: 100 g o nā wai maka maloʻo i ninini ʻia i ka 500 ml o ka wai hoʻolapalapa, e kuke a hiki i ka nui o ka wai i hōʻemi i ka 250-300 ml. Hoʻohana i waho i ke ʻano o nā mea paʻi, hoʻololi i ka lole ma hope o 4-5 mau hola.
ʻO ka aila hua Blueberry: huaʻai hou a ʻūlū paha i ka ala i loaʻa ai lākou i ka mana o ka aila. E kāʻei i waho, e hoʻopili ana i kahi mānoanoa nui loa i ka wahi i hoʻopili ʻia (eczema, scaly lichen, ʻāʻā paha a he ʻehaʻeha paha no ka rheumatism, gout, neuritis). Hoʻololi ʻia ka lole ʻailika i kēlā me kēia lā, holoi ʻia ke koena me ka serum maʻemaʻe.
