E hoʻomanaʻo i ka ʻōlelo kaulana: "Ma hope o nā kumulāʻau e ʻike ʻole i ka nahele"? Heʻoiaʻiʻo nō ia e kālai ʻia ai i nā ʻike i pili ʻole i nā pili a i ʻole i ka lāʻau, akā naʻe, mai ka manawa o ka poʻe dendrologists, nā poʻe hana lāʻau a me nā botanist, e hoʻoponopono pololei ʻia nā ʻōlelo kuhihewa:" ʻAʻole ia e ʻike i nā lāʻau ma hope o ka ululāʻau. "
ʻOi pinepine ka mahalo i ka nahele, nui, ʻo ia me he alo o ke alo, i kekahi manawa he makapō piha. Ekolu a ʻelima paha, ma ka hopena, he ʻumi mau kānaka ka inoa i kapa ʻia e kekahi mea hoʻomaikaʻi ʻē aʻe i ke ʻano, a ua pau ko lākou ʻike ma mua o ka haʻahaʻa. Akā ʻo ka nahele kahi kaiāulu o nā kenekulia, a me nā manawa he nui o nā ʻano ʻōmaʻomaʻo o nā kamaʻāina. A ʻo kēlā me kēia kumulāʻau lāʻau, nā ʻano āpau a me nā ʻōpala o nā lau he mau moʻolelo holoʻokoʻa. Hiki i kekahi mea kanu ke haʻi aku iā ia iho i kahi hoihoi a nani maoli. Ua hiki ia, akā hele hele i ke kī i ia!
Hōʻailona (Calluna vulgaris)Hoʻomaopopo pinepine wau i nā huakaʻi hele i ka nahele Trostyanetsky, ma ka moku o Sumy. He aha ka mea ʻaʻole i hōʻike mai iā mākou e pili ana i nā kamaʻāina kahiko a me nā lāʻau exotic i lawe mai mai ʻaneʻi mai nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, ka mea noiʻi mua-mua noʻo Valerian Valerianovich Gursky! "Nā kamaliʻi", ʻoiai e kapa ʻo ia me ke aloha i nā ʻano lāʻau like ʻole a me nā kumulāʻau ʻē aʻe a me nā kumulāʻau, ua loaʻa iā ia he hapalua tausani, a ua hānai ʻia lākou e kāna mau makahiki he nui. Hoʻopili i nā ulu lāʻau hoʻokūkū e ulu me kona lima māmā i Trostyants.
Hōʻailona (Calluna vulgaris)I koʻu nīnau, pehea e ʻike pinepine ai ʻo ia e ʻike i kēlā me kēia keiki o ka nahele, i pane aku ai ʻo Valerian Valerianovich e hele ʻo ia a puni o lākou me nā ala ʻōnoho kūikawā i kēlā me kēia lā o 5-7 mau lā. Eia kekahi, hoʻopiʻi pinepine ʻo ia i kahi mea e like me ka loiloi kaua pūʻali koa no kāna mau pua kūloko, ke kūkulu ʻana a me ka hana hou ʻana iā lākou ma o ka pae ʻana, a ma o ke ʻano o nā lei, a i ʻole nā mea hōʻailona ʻē aʻe.
Inā mākou i hoʻohana i kēia ʻenehana a hoʻonoho i nā poʻe noho o nā wahi o ka ʻāina, e ʻōlelo ana, Belarus, i kēia he ʻano kupanaha loa. E like me nā befits, hoʻopili ʻia ka pua kūpono ʻana i nā naaks nunui ikaika, ʻolo nā poni gula a ʻulaʻula a me nā pua melemele coniferous, ke keʻokeʻo-birch a me nā lāʻau elite lāʻau. ʻO nā kumu o ka lua o ka nui e lilo paha i waenakonu o ke kaona, a ma ka hope o ke laina ʻōmaʻomaʻo, inā paha, aia paha he wahi no ka pae o ka ulu lāʻau - nā lāʻau lāʻau. ʻOi paha, ma ke alo ʻana i kahi pānaehana, he mea ʻole paha e huli kekahi i kā lākou nānā ʻana i ke kumulāʻau pahu e pani i ka ʻākau hema - he kolamu maʻamau.
Hōʻailona (Calluna vulgaris)Hiki ke ʻike i ka Heather ma ka malu o kahi ulu lāʻau, a i ka lā i palalaha ʻia i ka lā, ka pākī e ʻā ana e nā makani a pau, a i ka palahalaha kō e paʻa ai, a me nā pōhaku kiʻekiʻe. ʻOiai i nā wahi pilikia loa ka ulu ʻana o ka pua a hemo. Kuhi ʻole kēlā mau māla ʻole i kahi kiʻekiʻe mika, no laila ke kūpaʻa nei lākou i nā pine pinima a ʻoi aku paha ka peia e like me nā Repa. Me he mea lā i ola ai lākou i ka "akua akua poina, a noho ʻohi" noho. Ma ke ala, gorse a me wili, stonecrop ʻoniʻoni ʻalani a me nā mea ʻala ʻono, lingonberry a me ke au o John Wort, lichens a me nā mosses hui pū me ka heather. A ke lilo nei ka mea alakaʻi i nā palupalu, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai no ka hoʻomohala, ʻo ia ke kumu i kapa ʻia ai he hua he.
Hōʻailona (Calluna vulgaris)Ua loaʻa he mea like ka heather i nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi, akā ʻo ka ulu pinepine ia e ulu kūʻokoʻa. Hiki ke loaʻa nā Heathers o ka nui ākea ma kā mākou ʻāpana ʻākau, ma nā Baltic republics, ma Polani, Kelemānia a me ʻEse. ʻO ka mamao aku nā kalepa heather greenish-velvety, e hōʻike ana he ʻaʻohe o nā mea hoʻokūkū e hōʻiliʻili ma kēia mau wahi ma muli o ka pono o ka lepo.
Mai ka wā kahiko, ua mahalo ka poʻe i ka heather ma ke ʻano pae loea, e noho ana i nā ʻāina paʻakikī. "Ua nohoʻo Heather, ʻo ia ka mea e hiki i kahi kanaka ke noho i laila," wahi a lākou.
ʻO nā wahi ākea o nā mea pili i nā ʻāpana ʻākau o Kelemania i ka wā kahiko i kapa ʻia ʻo "luneburgayde", ʻo ia ke ʻano hepe hepe. Ke hoʻohana nei i kēia mau ʻāpana i kaʻili hipa, lawe pū ka poʻe Kelemania i kā lākou ʻano kūikawā, ka mea i ʻike ʻia me ka hoʻomanawanui ʻole a ʻoluʻolu nā mea a pau i ka makahiki āpau me ko ka mea hānai.
Hōʻailona (Calluna vulgaris)Hoʻākoakoa mai ʻo ia mai ka hana mau manawa ma ka ʻāina he mea hoʻopōmaikaʻi ʻāina. ʻAʻole hiki i kekahi ke ʻōlelo i kahi i kū mua aʻe ai, ma hea, a ma o wai lā lākou i kūkulu ai i kahi ʻano hana ʻohiʻohi i ka palupalu naʻu. ʻIke wale ʻia ʻo ka wanaʻao e ʻohi ai ke kanaka, ke koho nei i ke kīhāpai kūpono a ke kali nei no ka wā maloʻo maikaʻi loa, e puhi i ka ahi i ka palu palaleka, a hoʻomaʻū i ka lepo me ka lehu. Ua hānau maikaʻi ʻo Buckwheat ma nā lāʻau kuahiwi, a ua ulu aʻe nā mea kanu lāʻau ʻē aʻe. Pau ka momona i ka ʻāina me ka huaʻai, hoʻi hou ka poʻe i ko lākou huaʻī, a puhi lākou i nā ʻāpana hou o nā lau heather, a kanu lākou.
I kēia manawa, ke nānā ʻia nei nā pā o nā bipi i ʻole o ka mauʻu me nā pua o ka hehi, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka heʻe no ka wahi hānai a me nā moena, a ma mua aku nei ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka mea maikaʻi no nā hale noho a me nā hale pāʻai.
Hōʻailona (Calluna vulgaris)I ko mākou manawa, ua loaʻa pūʻo Heather i kahi wahi hou e hoʻolaha nui ʻia - e like me ka mea kanu lāʻau i nā māla a me nā māla. ʻO kahi mea aloha maloʻo maikaʻi ʻole a, e like me ka ʻōlelo ʻana a nā poʻe huaʻāina, xerophyte, lawelawe ia i ka papa hana papa mua no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā wahi maloo i ka lā. E hoʻomokoke ana ʻo Heather ma aneʻi me ke kōkua o nā mea ʻoki pakiaka, hoʻonani maikaʻi i nā wahi i ʻae ʻia i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa, no ka mea, nona ka evergreens.
ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, he liʻiliʻi nā lau o ka heather, ʻaʻole like me ka nui o ka lāʻau juniper a i ʻole nā mea like ʻē aʻe, akā naʻe, no kā lākou ʻano hana ma nā lālā (ma nā lālani ʻehā a i nā ʻaoʻao āpau ʻehā), me ka nui o ka helu (a hiki i 75 tausani ma kahi mea kanu liʻiliʻi) hana lākou i kahi papa nani a maikaʻi loa. He maloʻo nā lau Heather, hoʻōla, hoʻoluʻu hoʻoluʻu i ka umu. Ma ka hapanui ke noho nei lākou ma nā kumulāʻau i nā kihi ʻākau, akā hiki iā lākou ke neʻe lohi e pakele, me ke kīwī kekahi i kekahi. Kahi ʻia "lau" kahi o nā lau, ʻo ia ke kumu e kapa ai ka poʻe heather he ryskun, no ka ʻano ke ʻano o ke ʻano he nui ka wā e koi ʻia ai ka hānai iā ia e mālama i ka wai. Inā ʻoe e nānā i ka ʻāpana ʻeka o ka lau o ka heather ma lalo o kahi pōpō, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka stomata, ma o ke ʻano o ka pulupulu, aia wale nō ma kēlā ʻaoʻao o ia ʻaoʻao, ʻo ia wale nō ka mea e mālama ai, e uhi ai.
Hōʻailona (Calluna vulgaris)Ma ke ala, ulu wikiwiki ʻo ka pua, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o nā mea kanu pohō. Pau wale ka hau, ua hoʻoheheʻe ka ʻenehana i nā kumu o ka lā, a hiki i ka wā hoʻoilo, ʻaʻole i pau i ka manawa e hiki ai i ka mea hele i ke ahi. I ka huaʻōlelo, ke noho ikaika nei ʻo ia ma nā wahi neoneo i koho ʻia, ʻoiai ʻo ia mai waho e ʻike mau ʻia nei, ʻoi loa ia i ka wā o ka pua. ʻO kēia mau lā he ʻaole loa ka manaʻo o lākou. ʻAʻohe mea pau ʻole i ka pili i kēia kāla kupaianaha o kā ka pinkish-lilac color, exuding a honey-tart aroma e ʻona i nā ao o nā pi.
Hōʻailona (Calluna vulgaris)
ʻAʻole wale ka nani no nā pua pua, kahi e kū pololei mai nei i ke kua o ke kaila uliuli o kona mau nahele. ʻO ka liʻiliʻi, akā ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia i nā leʻaleʻa hoihoi, kūleʻa a nani hoʻi, ke nānā nei lākou mai kahi botanical point o ka ʻike. ʻO kā lākou mākeke puni e ka ʻehā o nā petals, i paʻa paʻa i loko o ka pua. Ma ka waenakonu o kahi pua a i pua paha, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia kahi kolu me ka stigma. A hiki i ka pua e wehe ai, ʻaʻole hiki i ka nectar momona i loko o kona mau komo ke loaʻa i ka pepeke. Pono nā poʻe limahana e ʻimi i nā pua i puaʻala. Akā ma ke ala o ka nectar ke ʻano o nā kaʻina o anthers. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i kahi keʻena paʻakikī; ma ka liʻiliʻi iki, ua hoʻihoʻi ʻia kahi hana kumu. E like me kahi mea ukana pākahi, hoʻāla ʻo ia i ka polenine mai loko mai o ka pūpū ma ke kua o kahi mea hihiu. He maʻalahi loa ka ʻike kikoʻī ma ʻaneʻi. ʻO ka ʻono i pāʻani ai ma hope o ka hōʻike nectar mua e hoʻoiho i ka iniseti i ka pua lua, iima, ʻumi, a ma kēlā me kēia o lākou e noho ai i kahi ʻāpana. No laila, ʻo ka pīhoihoi, e hoʻohua i ka pua nui.
ʻO ka meli melemela kaulana i kēia kaulana i ka ʻānaiʻī ʻapoʻī, ʻaʻole lapuwale ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēia meli me ka aloha belated. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole makemake nā beekeepers i kona ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele, i kekahi manawa he ʻulaʻula, ka tart a me nā mea ʻono ʻawaʻawa. Ua lōʻihi ka manaʻo i ka paʻakikī he meli ua paʻakikī ʻia e nā ʻohana me ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo, a no ka hoʻoilo, pono e kāʻili ʻia i waho o ka hives. Eia naʻe, ua loaʻa kēia meli i nā waiwai hōʻola, aʻala, aʻala i ke kala; mahalo nui i ka ʻono.
Ma nā wahi nui o ko mākou ʻākau a ma ke komohana-komohana he moena wai nui o ka hapalua lua o ke kauwela a me ka hoʻoilo. Hāʻawi ʻia ma mua o ka 200 ʻileka haneli o ka meli ma kahi hekahi, a i ka manawa e hoʻomākaukau ai ke ʻano no ka maluhia o ka hoʻoilo, ʻaʻole ia he hauʻoli ma ka pua ʻana. He moʻolelo kaulana hoʻi ʻo Heather no ka lōʻihi o ka lawe ʻana i ka meli: e wehe ana i ka manawa i ka hapa lua o Iulai, e lawelawe ana i nā piʻokeʻo ʻike ʻole a hiki i nā palu.
Pono ka mea kanu ʻai-meli i nā mahalo a pau, akā kipa ʻo ia i nā wā kahiko ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia kahi kīʻaha maikaʻi mai ia - he meli ʻaole.
Hōʻailona (Calluna vulgaris)ʻO ka mea kākau ʻōlelo Pelekānia o Robert Stevenson i hōʻeuʻeu hoʻoluʻu i ka moʻolelo o nā hōʻeha i hōʻike ʻia i ka wā nui ma luna o nā māla o Skotlandia. ʻO nā mea lanakila lanakila a alakaʻi ʻia e ke aliʻi ʻenemi, i ka wā i pau ai lākou i ka luku wale ʻia i nā Picts - nā kamaʻāina mua o ka ʻāina heather, nāna i pale maluhia i ko lākou ʻāina. A lawe lawe akula lākou me lākou i kahi kuhi i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka wai kupaianaha.
ʻO Botanists, e kāhea ana i ka inoa o ka inoa maʻalahi o "ka maʻamau", ʻaʻole i pau ka hana e mālama iā ia me ka mahalo nui. Pono ka koho ʻana i ka pilina o nā mea kanu, e hoʻonohonoho iā lākou i nā ʻanoʻano, genera, nā ʻohana, nā kānaka ʻepekema e hoʻokaʻawale i ka ʻōpū o loko i kahi ʻano kūʻokoʻa. Eia kekahi, ua ʻike ka poʻe botanist i kahi ʻohana āpau o nā mea kanu, me ka pili ʻana i ka 1,500 mau ʻano, kahi i hiki ai iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i ka bearberry - bearberry, a me nā ʻano like ʻole o ka rhododendrons, azaleas, nā kakano o Aferika Hema o ka genus Erica, a me nā mea he nui, ʻo nā mea kanu a me nā lāʻau.
Ma ke ala, ʻaʻole wale ka ʻohana heather, akā, ʻo ka mea hoʻohanohano maʻamau ua mamao loa ia mai ka mea homogeneous, ma kahi o ka ʻike ʻana i nā ʻano ʻāina. No nā māla hoʻolālā, no ka laʻana, ma mua o 20 mau ʻano me nā waiho like ʻole o nā pua a me nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau o nā lei.
Nui nā mea aloha i nā mea kanu kanu e ka heather me ka pua o ka pua ma ke keʻokeʻo a i ʻole nā ʻāpana ʻulaʻula a i ʻole nā lau melemele a i ʻole nā ʻulaʻula, kīwī, e hana ana i nā uluna ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Nui a keu nā mea kākoʻo e lanakila ana i kēlā mau kolamu ma kā mākou mau māla a me nā paka. ʻO nā māla, ke aloha me nā mea aloha iā lākou, e haʻalele mai ka maʻamau i ʻae ʻia no ka meaʻai Heather Spartan. No lākou, kahi mākau pilikino "ulu pilikino" - nā ʻāina heather, ka loko o ka moena a me ka ʻaukā naʻa no ka heather, ua mākaukau maikaʻi ʻia.
Akā, makemake nui kekahi kanaka iā ia he pua, ʻaʻole nui i hānai i ka pipi a hoʻomōloʻi i ka honua. Ma nā puke ʻatikala kahiko e pili ana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau, ua wehewehe ʻia me ka mea laʻa i hoʻohana ʻia ai e kūʻē i ka maʻi pōhaku, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā lau ma ke ʻano o ka hops, a ua hoʻohana ʻia nā pua no ka lole a me ka hoʻonaninani i ka ʻili manu.
Hōʻailona (Calluna vulgaris)"Mai noʻonoʻo i ka haʻalele ʻole ʻana i nā hua pua," ua ʻōlelo ʻo Valerian Valerianovich iaʻu, e hoʻopuka ana i ka hua ʻōlelo ma ka ululāʻau ʻo Trostyanetsky.
ʻAe, ua kapa ikaika ʻo ia i kahi mea kanu kūpono, ʻo ia hoʻi he hua, ʻaʻole he heather, ʻoiai ke kapa nei i ka inoa Ukrainia ʻo Kepakemapa ʻo "heather", no ka mea he pua puaʻe ʻo Ukraine i kēlā manawa. Eia naʻe, paio i kēia, eia paha, ʻaʻole ia he mea ʻole, ʻoiai ua ʻike ka poʻe i nā inoa ʻē aʻe. I loko o ka ʻatikala wehewehe ʻana o V.I. Dahl, no ka laʻana, ua hāʻawi ʻia kona inoa kānaka e like me ka heather, passerine buckwheat, marsh myrtle a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Ma Polesie, lohe wau ʻāhea i kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo ka nahele ulaula.
Eia naʻe, hoʻi i nā aʻa heather. E pili ana i ko lākou waiwai, ʻaʻole hewa o Valerian Valerianovich e kūʻē i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo: he mau kupaianaha maikaʻi loa nā kihi heather, a ʻo ka mea, mahalo ʻia lākou i ke kumu o ke gula ma waena o nā mea hana loea. Hoʻokomo pū nā mea ʻino aku a hōʻea i nā paipa mai nā aʻa o ka hua. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo nā loio, ua hana ʻia ka kaulana o nā kūmole he nui i hana ʻia e nā haku Farani o ke kūlanakauhale o Saint-Claude, nāna i hana i nā aʻa i loaʻa i ke kai ʻo Mediterranean.
Me ia paha, ʻaʻole e mau ʻia ka mana o ka kohu Mīkini, inā ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ka haku o nā ʻōpio i ko mākou ʻāina. ʻO ka ʻoliʻoli o ka ʻōpio no ka hana ʻana i nā paipu ua ulu mai Leningrad Alexei Borisovich Fedorov i loko o ka ʻike akamai. Ua mahalo nui ʻia kāna mau huahana e Alexey Tolstoy. ʻO ka ʻike ʻana o kā talent Fedorov i puka mai iā Georges Simenon, he mea ʻoniʻāina ʻole maʻamau ʻole i nā hihia paila: ma ke noi ʻana o nā mea nona ka hale o nā paikani punahele loa ma ka honua, ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia i ka paila ʻoi loa ʻo ia makahiki no kekahi mau makahiki. Na J. Simenon wale nō ia a hoʻouna i kahi noi o kekahi mea mahalo nui o kāna palapala kumukūlū hoʻāla hana Russia i hana ʻia mai kā mākou hef. Ua lanakila ka mea kākau i ka makana: mahalo ʻo ia i ka huahana o ko mākou haku ʻaʻole ʻo ia wale nō ka paipa maikaʻi loa o ka makahiki, akā, ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea hōʻike maikaʻi loa i kāna ʻanui paila kiʻekiʻe.
Hōʻailona (Calluna vulgaris)Akā hoʻokahi ʻaoʻao wale nō kēia mea. He mea kūpono ʻole ia e ʻike i kahi mea ʻē aʻe: e like me nā kaila o nā mea maka, hiki i kā mākou poʻe mahiʻai ke hoʻopiha i nā pono o nā ume a pau o ka honua. ʻO ka nīnau wale nō, he mea kūpono paha e hōʻeha i kahi mea hoʻomohala maikaʻi no kēia keehi i ka hanu - he paionia i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻāina maikaʻi ʻole, mea kanu meli maikaʻi loa, mea pena hana maikaʻi, ʻo ka lālani lauwela o ka Picts?
Nā pilina i nā huahana:
- S. I. Ivchenko - Buke e pili ana i nā kumulāʻau
