ʻO ka ʻōpala hou a pīhoihoi hoʻi ke makemake, ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻonui ai i kēlā me kēia makahiki. He mau inoa ʻē aʻe kēia kāpeka - kāpīlī ʻōpala, Kālepa Grunkol, kāpena Brunkol, kāpena Braunkol - Brassica oleracea var. sabellica. ^ E Ha yM. He ʻumi ʻolua ʻo Kale a ua lilo ia i ka ʻohana Cruciferous.
Nā lau o ka ʻōpala kipi o nā ʻano like ʻole.
Manaʻo ʻia ka kolamu ʻo ka momona Curly no ka mea ʻaʻole ia he kumu maʻamau o ke kāpeti. ʻO nā lau kolikola e like me ka lettuce, ʻoi aku wale nō i mau momi a hiki ke paʻi ʻia i ka pua, ʻulaʻula, ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā ʻulaʻula. Hoʻohālikelike pinepine nā Botanist i ka kale me ka pōloli hihiu, akā ʻaʻole i hoʻokūpaʻa ʻia kona kumu maoli, ʻoiai ke loaʻa nei nā hōʻoia e pili ana i ka ulu ʻana o ka kale ma ka Middle Ages.
Hoʻomaka maoli ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka nui o ka kāpeti kale ma ka kenekulia 19, a kokoke i kēia manawa kāpena i hiki mai i ko mākou ʻāina, akā laila, ʻaʻole loa ia i ka laula loa, a hoʻokahi wale nō makahiki a ua lilo lākou i mea makemake iā mākou. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻohe hiki i kēia lā, nā mākuhi pilikino maoli, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia e pili ana i nā ʻāina e like me Holland, Iapana a me Turkey, kahi e ʻai nui ai kēia kāpeti.
I kēia lā e hoʻāʻo mākou e haʻi i ka kikoʻī e pili ana i ka ʻenehana mahiai o kēia kolamu, e kamaʻilio e pili ana i kona mau waiwai kūpono a papa inoa i nā ʻano maʻamau.
Nā ʻano o ka ulu ʻana i ka nui kolamu
ʻElua mau koho no ka ulu nui ʻana o ka pēpē - ma ka lūlū ʻana i nā hua kanu pololei i ka lepo a ma o nā pua.
1. Kūkākūkā i kahi kōkō i ka māka
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka papa hana mua, no ka mea, ʻaʻole i ʻae ʻo ka kāpeti kale i kahi pīkoi, akā ʻae ʻia kēia ala i nā ʻāpana hema wale nō. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā hua i ka hoʻomaka o Mei, e hoʻopū ai iā lākou i ka lepo no 1-2 centimeter.
2. Ke ulu nei i ka puna kolamu ma o nā mea kanu
I nā ʻāina anuʻo, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pīkī ma waena o nā mea kanu, a i ʻole ke hoʻololi iā ia a hoʻohenehene, ua hāmama ʻia e lulu koke i nā hua i loko o ka mugs. Hāʻawi ʻia i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka pīkī kale ma ka mua, e kanu ʻia nā hua i loko o nā kīʻaha ma kahi o 45-50 mau lā ma mua o ke kanu ʻana i ka lepo, a hāʻawi ʻia i ka manawa kūpono no ke kanu ʻana i nā moena - i ka wīwī o Mei-Mei - Pono nā lūlū e kanu ʻia no nā hua ma ka hopena o Malaki a i ka wā ma mua ʻApelila.
Inā maopopo ʻoe e pili ana i ka maikaʻi o nā huaʻa feces, hiki iā ʻoe ke lūlū iā lākou i hoʻokahi manawa i kēlā me kēia kīʻaha, inā kānalua ʻoe i kā lākou ulu ʻana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lūlū ʻelua a ʻekolu paha mea kanu, a laila e hoʻokaʻawale i nā mea palupalu a hoʻāʻo paha e hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou i loko o nā kīʻaha ʻē aʻe inā e ulu like nā wana.
E hoʻonui i ka huina o ka hua a me ke aloha, a ma mua o ka lūlū ʻana i ka ʻāina i pono lākou (ma kahi o ka hapalua hola) i waiho ʻia i loko o ka wai i hoʻomoʻi ʻia i ka 40 kiʻekiʻe, a laila e kāpī ʻia i loko o ka wai anuanu no mau mau minuke. Ma hope o kēia, pono e kau i nā feces o ka kāpeti ma kahi ʻāpana ʻūhā a waiho ʻia no kekahi lā mau lā, e mālama ana i ka papakū. I loko o kēia manawa, hiki i nā hua ke naklyuyutsya a laila ʻae ʻia ka lulu ma ka lepo.
E ʻōlelo ana i ka lepo: ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lūlū hua, he hui ʻana o ka ʻāina māla, ke kahawai a me ka humus. I kēia hihia, pono kahi ʻāpana o ka humus a me ka ʻāina māla e ʻelima mau ʻāpana kahawai. Inā he kānalua e pili ana i ka palekana o ka lepo, a laila hiki ke mālama ʻia ka papahele i mākaukau a hoʻohui ʻia me ka wai e hoʻolapalapa ai a i hoʻopaʻa ʻia paha i ka umu i ka pākeke o 70-80 tikelika, no ka hapalua hola.
Ke kanu nei i nā hua o ka nui o ka nui o ke kōpaʻa i ka lepo e lawe ʻia i nā lua a mua a me ka ʻūhū mau i kahi ma kahi he a me ka hapalua kenimika hohonu me kahi mamao o 2-3 cm ma waena o lākou i ka wā e lūlū ai i ka pā kō, a me 4-5 cm ka lulu ʻana i nā pahu. Ma hope o ka waiho ʻana i nā hua ʻai i loko o nā lua, pono lākou e pīpī ʻia me ka ʻāina hou a kāpili ʻia. A laila, pono ʻoe e uhi i nā ipu me nā hua me ka hoʻopili kiʻi ʻia (inā he kīʻaha ia, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokomo iā ia i loko o kahi pahu me nā ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe), a mālama i ka makika lepo ma kahi pae maikaʻi loa (me ka hoʻomoʻomele ʻole a me ka hoʻomaʻū piha ʻole), e nānā i ka kahe ʻana o ka ʻike ma luna o ka ʻāina. I ka manawa e kū koke ai, pono e hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka kiʻi ʻoniʻoni.
I ka hiki koke ʻana o nā ʻōpala o ka kāpeti, pono e kau i ka pahu a i ʻole nā kīʻaha ma ka windowsill kūkulu hema a me ka mālama ʻana i ka mahana i loko o ka lumi e mālama ai i 22-23 degere Celsius. Pono nā hua liʻiliʻi i ʻewalu hola o ka māmā, ka ea o ka lepo me ka ea, akā, me ka ʻole o ka hoʻolālā!) A me ka wehe ʻana o ka wā maʻamau i ka ʻōpū o ka ʻāina e pale ai i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka lepo lepo.
Nā hua kanu o ka nui o ka kāpeti.
I ka wā e ʻohi ai i nā kumulima kale
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi ʻole e koho, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma luna, akā i nā lūlū hua ma nā ʻōpala tur a pololei ʻole i ka lepo, eia nō naʻe, inā e lawe ʻia ana nā lūlū ma nā pahu a i ʻole nā mea ʻē aʻe, a laila pono e hana ka mea koho i ka wā e koli ai nā hua ʻelua i nā lau maoli, a pono e hana kēia honua o ka honua. ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻohana lākou i kahi tīpoki no ka ʻohi, ʻohi lākou i ka ʻōpala me ka ʻōpala o ka honua, ma hope o ka hoʻomoʻūlū ʻana i ka lepo, a hoʻokaʻawale iā ia i loko o nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe, ma nā kiʻi ʻōpili o ka lepo i mākaukau no ka kanu ʻana.
I ka manawa e hoʻoneʻe ai i ke kolamu kale i kahi mau
Pono e hānai i nā mākaʻi a i ʻole ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka wā e hana ai nā mea ʻelua i ʻelua mau lau maoli a laulā no 9-11 mau kenimika, maʻa mau ia e kū ana ma hope o 45-50 mau lā, e like me mākou i kūkā ai ma luna.
Pono e hoʻokau ʻia kahi noho ma ka wahi mau ma ke kakahiaka waena o Mei (ma muli o ke ʻano) a waiho ʻia i loko o nā pū e kūpono ai e kau i kahi ʻōpū o ka honua me nā puʻu a me ka puʻu pīpī paha i loko o nā lua, me kahi mamao ma waena o nā mea kanu he 35 cm a ma waena o nā lālani - hapa hapalua mika. Ke kanu ʻana i ka nui o ka kāpeti i loko o ka lua, ʻoi aku e hoʻohui i ka 50-100 g o ka lehu lāʻau a me ka nui o ka humus, e kāwili maikaʻi i ka lepo a hoʻomoʻa ʻia. I ka lepo, pono ka hohonu o nā hua lāʻau i nā lau mua, ma hope o ka ʻāina e hoʻopili ʻia, ʻīwī me nā manamana lima a hoʻoinu (0.3-0.5 lita ma lalo o ka mea kanu).
ʻO kahi maikaʻi loa e ulu ai i ka kale
Pono e mākaʻikaʻi maikaʻi ka wahi, i ʻole o ka pale. Ma ka wahi like, hiki i kēia kāpena ke ulu i nā ʻekolu mau aila, a inā i ka wā o ka wā o ka wā, i ka wā e ʻokiʻoki ai i ka lāʻau, e waiho iā 2-3 cm mai ka ulu ʻana i ka lepo, a laila ka wā e hiki mai ana, inā ka hapa hema o ka mea kanu. hiki ke loaa mua ka ohi mua o keia kalaki.
Na mea e pili ana ka mea mua, ʻo ka maikaʻi loa nā pō i ka pō, ʻo ka paukena a me ka pono, he mau legume, akā nā mea mua.
Nā koina waihona kōkelu
He koi nui kēia mea kanu i ka lepo, pono ia i ka ulu ʻana, ʻaʻole pono ka lepo a i ke one - ma ia mau ʻāina ʻaʻole ʻoe e loaʻa i kahi kūlohelohe. Pono i ka lepo- a me ka wai-permeable, no ka mea, ʻaʻole i ʻae ʻo ka ʻōpio i ka stagnation o ka wai, ʻoi loa ma ka wahi i loaʻa ai nā aʻa, inā hiki ke pala wale mai nā aʻa. Pono ka pH i ka 6-7 mau ʻāpana.
ʻO ka lepo no ke kanu ʻana i nā hua o ka ʻōpala o ka kale, a me ka lulu no ka lūlū ʻia, pono hoʻi e hoʻomākaukau i ka wā o ka ʻāhiu, no ka mea pono e ʻili iā ia ma luna o kahi bulaet piha, ʻimi e hoʻoneʻe i nā huʻu āpau. I ka pūnāwai, ʻoiai e mākaukau ka lepo e hana me ia, pono e hoʻopiʻi ʻia ka ʻāina me ka humus a me nitroammophos. Pono ka Humus e pili ana i hoʻokahi kilokahi ma hoʻokahi kūmole mita o ka lepo, a me ka nitroammophoski - he mau papa i ka ʻāina (e hana ana no ka eli).
Nā mea kanu o ka nui o ka kāpeti i kanu ʻia i ka lepo.
ʻO Kale Kalepo Nahu
ʻAʻohe ʻokoʻa, mālama ka ʻōpala i ka inu wai, lawe ʻia ka weed, hemo ʻana i ka lepo, ka puʻu ʻana, me ka pale ʻana mai nā pōpilikia, nā maʻi a me ka lole kaʻi luna. I ka hiki ʻana o ke kāpiki i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 22-26 cm, pono e uhi ʻia nā mea kanu, a inā ʻike ʻia nā lau nāwaliwali, e hoʻoneʻe iā lākou ma ka kīwaha ʻana i nā mea palupalu. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi kēia ʻōpala i ka mulching lau o ka ʻāina me humus, kahi pae o 1-1,5 cm.
Pehea e hoʻoinu ai i ka kale?
ʻAʻole ʻae ʻo Kale kāpena i ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana mai ka lepo, akā makaʻu pū ka pālahalaha ʻana i ka lepo, no laila e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka wai ʻana iā ia me ka liʻiliʻi, akā me ka liʻiliʻi o ka wai, e kālele ana i ka ʻāina a mālama i ka lepo ma kahi kūlana pālahalaha. Ma mua o ka inu wai, makemake ʻia e hoʻokau a me ka wehe ʻana i ka lepo, a ma hope o ka hoʻoulu ʻana - e hoʻomoʻa i ka ʻāina me ka humus.
Pehea e hānai ai i ka kolamu kale?
Hiki ke hana ʻia ka hānai i kēlā me kēia 20-25 mau lā. No ka manawa mua, hiki ke hānai i ka nui kolamu i ka manawa o ka ulu ulu ʻana o ka lau, i ka manawa o kēia manawa ʻo ka hoʻomehana maikaʻi loa e hoʻomoʻa ʻia ma nā lau. No ka loaʻa o ke kīhāpai kiʻekiʻe a palekana, pono e hoʻopiha i ka paila me kahi hapaha o nā lau a hoʻopiha me ka wai. ʻO ka mahele kiʻekiʻe o ka wai e kanu ai ka nui o 10 i ka 1, kēlā me kēia. Nui ā inā he manu manure ʻoe, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohui iā ia i ka ʻano, hoʻonohonoho ʻia ma luna - he kilo o manure no 100 lita o ka hoʻonā. ʻOi aku ka mākaukau "ʻohana" mai 10 a 20 mau lā (inā he wela, a laila wikiwiki, inā ʻūʻele - lohi). Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka mākaukau o ka paulea e hoʻohana ʻia e ka umu ma luna o ka ʻili, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka loaʻa ʻole ʻana. I ka manawa e pau ai ka hū hou, ua pono ka ninini ʻana o ka pāla i ka hapalua me ka wai a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ka ninini ʻana i ka paukō kūpaʻa ma lalo o ke aʻa ma ka palena o ka 0.5 lita no ka mea kanu . ^ E Ha yM.
Kale kāpala ma ka ʻāina ākea.
Pest ma nā kāpeti a me nāʻaoʻao
Inā e nānā ʻia ka ʻenehana ʻana a me ka ʻoi ʻana o ka hōʻea, ua pā pinepine ʻia ka pōpilikia i nā pōpilikia, akā i nā makahiki he maikaʻi ke ʻano no ka hoʻōla ʻana o nā pōpoki a he nui nā mea o lākou, ʻo nā aphids kāpili, nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā ʻōpala, nā kōpala lapalapa a me ka pala, ka lele lapalapa, pāpaʻu cruciferous, pīpī ka hopena i ka kale. bee-eater, sawfly and slugs.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hakakā me nā pōpoki me nā kūleʻa o ka lāhui, he mea maʻamau ke kōkua maikaʻi. No laila, no ka laʻana, hiki iā ʻoe ke pale iā ʻoe iho mai nā pōpilikia a me nā maʻi (ʻoi loa a ʻōpala ʻo kekahi "kāpīpī") ma o ka ʻaluna ʻana o nā mea kanu me ka lehu lāʻau a i ʻole ka peʻī pia, ua ʻoluʻolu e kāwili i ka lehu pehu a me ka lehu lāʻau a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia me ka pīpī. Loaʻa nā pōmaikaʻi o kēia pākuhi - ʻo ia ka maikaʻi a me ka palekana, akā aia kekahi mau mea ʻinoʻino hoʻi - ʻo ia ka ʻano like o ke kāwili ʻana me ka hoʻonaninani: ma hope o ka ua a hoʻoilo ʻia paha, pono hou nā mea kanu.
ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻōla ʻana i nā mea kanu kolō me ka wīwī, no kēia e hoʻohana maʻamau lākou i ka winika 7%, hui pū me ka wai a hoʻohui i ka g g ka manure a 10 mau wai o ka wai, ma hope o ka pono o ka haku mele e hoʻopili ʻia no kekahi mau lā.
Kōkua i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā maʻi a me nā pōkole o ka pīkī kōpaʻa kol kale, aia i mau mea phytoncidal a hoʻonui i ka pale ʻana i ka mea kanu. ʻO ka maʻamau, 500 g ka pīkī ʻala pono e ʻekolu mau wai o ka wai hoʻolapalapa, ninini lākou i ka ʻāʻī a hoʻokahe ia no ʻelua mau lā, a laila e kānana iā ia, hoʻohui i ka "lāʻau" i kahi pāpaʻa o kekahi shampoo a i ʻole hapalua o kahi ʻāpana holoi holoi a mālama i nā mea kanu i hoʻokahi manawa i ka pule a pau. a i ʻole palapala.
E like me ka slugs, hiki iā ʻoe ke kaua iā lākou ma ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana iā lākou ma ka pōʻeleʻele a i ʻole i ke kau ʻana i nā kāleka, slate sheet, plywood a me nā mea like ʻole ma ka lepo. Ma lalo o kēia mau "pale" a hōʻiliʻili a hiki ke luku ʻia.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ma ke ʻano o nā hōʻola nā kānaka, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā insecticides (e kūʻē i nā hua manu fiki) a me nā fungicides (e kū'ē i nā maʻi manu) e pili pono ana i nā ʻōlelo ma ka pōpae a ʻo nā mea i manaʻo ʻia no ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēia manawa i kēia manawa. He kūpono ia e hoʻohana iā lākou i ka wā koʻikoʻi ke kūlana a ua hoʻoweliweli ʻia ka lāʻau me ka luku piha ʻana.
I ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana a pehea e mālama ai i ka kolamu kale
ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻomaka ka hōʻiliʻili kāpili ma hope o ʻekolu mau mahina mai ka puka ʻana mai o nā mea kanu i ka wā e lūlū ana i nā hua kanu ma ka lepo (ma ka māla) a ʻelua mau mahina ma hope o ke kanu ʻana i nā hua kanu, ke ulu ʻana ka nui ma o nā hua kanu. I ka manawa e hiki ai ka mea kanu i ke kiʻekiʻe o 18-22 cm, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomaka e ʻoki i nā lau. Pono e ʻokiʻoki ʻia nā lau, i ka wā e ulu ai lākou, ʻaʻole pono ke kali no ka ulu ʻana o nā lau he nui, a laila ʻoi loa lākou i mau a a loaʻa ka ʻōpala. Pono ia e ʻoki i nā lau o ka nui o ka kōkela ma ke kiʻekiʻe o ʻelima kenimika mai ka papa lepo, e ʻae kēia i ka mea kanu i ka wā hou.
Hoʻopau nui ʻia ka kolamu kale momona i loko o ke ʻano o nā lau, akā hiki ke mālama ʻia no nā lā 5-6 no loko o ka manuahi. ʻAno nā mea aloha i ka meaʻai i nā lau i loko o ka pahu manuahi ka mea i moe ai i loko o kēia manawa o ka manawa me ka maikaʻi o ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.
ʻO nā pono a me nā hanaʻino i ka kale
Ua ʻōlelo e pili ana i nā ʻono: ʻaʻole momona wale ka kale, akā maikaʻi pū kekahiLoaʻa iā ia nā minerala a me nā mea protein, kahi nui o nā huaora, nā fiber, nā momona momona a me nā waikawa amino, me nā mea kūpono loa. I ka manawa like, ʻo ka kāpeti i ka ʻai; i ka pau ʻana, ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa ke paona.
E hoʻopau ʻia ʻo kāpeti Kale e nā kānaka me ka nele o ka calcium, i nā manawa e pili ana i ka ukana nui, me ke kaumaha nui loa a me ka hoʻoikaika i ka pale ʻana.
ʻAʻole pono e ʻai i ka ʻai ʻana i ka kāpī feces no nā poʻe me nā maʻi o ka pēpē o ka gastrointestinal, dysbiosis a me ka ʻoihana endocrine pōʻino.
Kā kāpeti.
ʻO nā ʻano momona maikaʻi loa
I ka hopena hopena, e kamaʻilio mākou e pili ana i kekahi mau ʻano o ke kō.
Kāpea kāpili "Blue dwarf" - kahi lāʻau haʻahaʻa, makeke waena, ʻike ʻia e ka huahana kiʻekiʻe a me ka maikaʻi maikaʻi loa.
Kāpena Kale ʻeleʻele Tuscany" - aia kahi mālamalama-green kala ʻo nā lau, i mākaukau no ka hōʻili ʻana i Iune a ulu a hiki i nā huaʻai mua.
Kāpau Kale "Kālehu" - kahi ʻano like me kahi wā maʻamau o ka wā, ka ʻīwī ma ka hoʻoilo, ka lau nahele-ʻoniʻula a me ke kiʻekiʻe e hele ana i kekahi manawa i kahi mita.
Kāleka Kale Kāleka" - ulu nā lau o kēia ʻano like i kēia makahiki, inā ʻāpana o ka ʻōpala i waiho ʻia i ka hoʻoilo i ka lepo. Loaʻa nā lau i kahi hue burgundy. Kūpaʻa ka mea kanu iā ia iho, maʻamau ma mua o hoʻokahi mika.
Kāleka Kālepa" - he ʻano me nā hua a me nā ʻīkī hoʻoilo, kahi i hōʻike ʻia e ka wā make wā maʻamau, he ʻulaʻula hina kahi mauhele me nā hua e hoʻonui ai i nā mea pono i loko o lākou.
