ʻO ka māla

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona o ka kanu ʻana a me nā subtleties o ka mālama ʻana i nā blueberries māla i ka'āina

Hoʻopili pinepine nā miliona o nā māla kūleʻa i kā lākou mau ʻohi a me nā mea nui nani. No laila, kupu piha ka māla lau, nā mea kanu a me ka mālama ʻana i ka mea e pono ai ka ʻike kūikawā, pono e lilo i mea hōʻike kūʻokoʻa o ka hale. No ka hana i kēia, pono ʻoe e koho pono i ke ʻano like a hoʻomākaukau i ka lepo. I ka wā o ka ulu uluʻana, he mea nui e hōʻʻiliʻili i ka lepo, me ka lau o nā lālā. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka mea koʻikoʻi e ke kaʻina o ka hoʻolaha i ka moʻomeheu. E noʻonoʻo pono i kēia mau sublleties.

Aia e ulu nei?

I loko o ke kaiāulu kūlohelohe, dropsy (kekahi o nā inoa o nā blueberries) ʻike pinepine i nā wahi marshy a i nā tundra. Ma hope pono, hoʻonā pinepine nā polū a me nā blueberries. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o kēia mau ʻāina i lawa kahi ʻāina maloʻo, ʻoiai i ke kauwela e hoʻomehana ʻia e ka lā. ʻO nā wahi ākea kahi e ulu ai nā blueberries ma Lūkia e:

  • Siberia
  • Ural;
  • Ka Caucasus;
  • Hikina mamao
  • Altai.

No ka nui nui ka noi ʻana o kēia berry, ua ʻoki nā hua kanu i ka nahele. Ma kēiaʻano, ke holo nei nā poʻe noho o Arkhangelsk, Moscow, Vologda a me Leningrad, a me ka Repubalika ʻo Komi lāua me Karelia, e ulu nei nā palaka ma luna o kā lākou pākaha ponoʻī. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole kūpono nā ʻanoʻokoʻa no kekahi mau ʻāina. Ke kanu nei i nā blueberries ma ka ʻāina ʻo Moscow a me ka mālama ʻana he mau mea kikoʻī.

Ma kēlā me kēia moe, pono ke kanu aku mai ʻelua a ʻelua paha mau ʻano. A laila hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokō i nā hopena kiʻekiʻe loa.

Nā ʻano koho e ka ʻāpana

ʻO ke kūlana nui no ka pōmaikaʻi o ka mea kanu he hoʻoilo maikaʻi. Eia kekahi, pono ke pale i ka mākaukau o nā wai wai i ka maʻi, me ka hiki ke kahakaha. Ke koho ʻana, pono e noʻonoʻo i ka manawa e ulu ai o nā hua (ma ke ʻano mua a i ʻole paha). Mālama kēia i ka hōʻiliʻili e like me ka hiki (Iulai, ʻAukake). No laila, ua kūpono kēia mau ʻano o nā blueberries no nā ʻāpana o Moscow.

  • Duke;
  • Blucrop;
  • Patriot
  • Thoreau;
  • Bluray.

ʻO ka manawa kūpono no ke kanu ʻana i kahi hua kanu ma kēia ʻāina kokoke i Moscow e manaʻo ʻia he pūnāwai. ʻO ka loaʻa ʻole o nā hua pua i kahi manawa e ka ʻoi aku, ma hope ke hāʻawi nei i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o ka huila i kahi ʻano hou. I ka wā o kēia manawa e kanu ai a mālama a mālama i nā blueberries māla i mea e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. ʻOiaʻiʻo, hiki ke hoʻokele ʻia ka pae i ka hāʻule. Akā, pono e hana i kēia i ka hapa mua o ʻOkakopa (hoʻokahi mahina ma mua o ka hoʻomaka o ka hau), i ʻole ka manu ka manu.

Pono ka māla hānai hou e pale ʻia mai ka manuahi. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi e kāʻei maikaʻi me ia i loko o ka burlap i ka wā e hoʻohaʻahaʻa ana i ka mahana. He hana maoli no ka ʻāina hoʻoilo.

Hoʻomoe kahua

ʻOiai ka mea e ulu ana i ka aniani i ka tundra, pono e koho i kahi mālamalama a ākea hoʻi. Ma lalo o nā kumulāʻau a i ʻole kokoke i nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe - ʻaʻole ka koho maikaʻi loa no ka ulu ʻana i nā blueberries. ʻO ke hopena, ua nahu nā hua, e lilo a hoʻolaʻa ka ʻono, a e hāʻule ka hua i nā manawa 3.

ʻAʻole pono ke koho ʻia o ka pūnaewele me kahi papa ʻāina hohonu hohonu - ma kahi o kahi hapalua mita. No laila, e maloʻo loa ka honua. Pono ka lepo maʻa. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, pono ʻoe e ana i ka pae pH. Hoʻohālikelike ka hana maʻamau mai ka 3.5 a i ka 5.5. Pono ka acidified i kahi ʻāina e hoʻomohala ai ka pua.

E like me ka mea lawelawe o ka oxidizing, hoʻohana i ka lemū colloidal (a hiki i 60 g), ka phosphoric a i ʻole citric acid. Hoʻohana ʻia ka Ammonium sulfate i kekahi manawa. Ua ninini ʻia ka papa hana i 6 mau mahina ma mua o ke kanu a kāwili ʻia.

Eia kekahi, he mea nui e koho i nā wahi kūlū. Inā he pā a i ʻole ka pā o nā mea kanu mea kanu paha e lilo ia i wahi e noho ai. Pono e hoʻokuʻu ʻia nā ʻāina no nā kanu lāʻau. A laila he mea nui e ka hāʻawi pololei i ka hua o nā blueberries i loko o ka māla e hāʻawi iā lākou i ka ulu me ka ulu a me ka hana aloha. Kūleʻa nā māla i nā mea aʻe:

  1. ʻO ka mamao ma waena o nā kumu lāʻau he 75 a 130 cm.
  2. ʻO ka mamao o nā moena mai kēlā me kēia, ʻo 2-3 m.ʻele ʻāina hiki ke uhi ʻia me ka sawdust.
  3. ʻO ka hohonu o ka lua he 50 cm. Pono e hana i ke ʻano o kahi square me kahi ʻaoʻao o 60 cm.

Pono ka papa kelu wai i ka huki. Kūkulu ʻia nā kaʻa i nā pālala mai ka substrate i hoʻomākaukau ʻia. Hiki iā ʻoe ke eli i nā ʻōpala (laulā - 1.2 m, hohonu - 0.80 m) a uhi iā lākou me kahi kiʻi: ʻoi paha a i ʻole nā ​​paia wale nō. Inā hoʻonoho ka mea i lalo i lalo, a laila eʻokiʻoki no ke kahe ka hana i kahi lōʻihi o ka hapalua mika. Hāʻawi kēia ʻōnaehana i ka topsoil i ka makuhū. Eia kekahi, i ka wā e ulu nei i ka manu nunu i ka'āina, pono e hana i nā mea ola kūlohelohe no ia. ʻO ka kanu ʻana i ke kakahiaka a i ke ahiahi lawe mai i ka ʻulā laka i hoʻokahi iota kokoke i ko lākou ʻāina. Akā i kēia hihia, pono ia e kaulike, ʻaʻole i lana ka makika.

Ma mua o ke kanu ʻana, e kau i ka ipu me nā mea kanu i ka wai no 15-30 mau minuke e palulu ai i ka lepo. E kōkua kēia i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mea kanu me ka hōʻeha ʻole i ka ʻōnaehana.

Hōʻea a me ka pae ʻāina

ʻAʻole makemake ka kamaʻāina o ka tundra marshy i kahi lepo maʻamau ma ka māla a i ʻole i ka māla o ka Mokuna o Moscow. Eia nō naʻe, ola nō ia i ka pae ma luna o ka ʻāina i kahakaha ʻole a makemake pono i ka mea kanu organik, humus a i ʻole ka mana. I kēia manawa, pono ka māla ʻana i ka māla no ka blueberries me ko lākou mau lima ponoʻī, i ʻokoʻa i ka hoʻolālā ʻana mai ka māla maʻamau.

Ma ka lalo o ka fossa i hoʻokumu ʻia, lawe ʻia ka waʻaila mai nā ʻōpala a i ʻole nā ​​lālā pua. A laila ua hoʻomākaukau kahi substrate, nona nā ʻano penei:

  • kahi kīʻaha o ka sphagnum (moss, lāʻau, a me nā mea kanu lepo) a me ka pākī;
  • ʻO nā kui wīwī;
  • one;
  • wahie;
  • wao nahele.

ʻO ka hapalua o kēia mea kanu i ka hoʻohui kō. Hoʻohui ʻia nā mea āpau a pau i hui like ʻia a kāwili ʻia. E ninini ʻia ka papahele i ka ʻōpala a hoʻopiha me ka wai liʻiliʻi. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka lāʻau ma ka lepo, ma mua o ka ʻae ʻana i nā aʻa. Pono ka noho o ke aʻa i ka ʻāina no 6-10 cm.

E kūʻai i nā mea kanu i kūpono i nā mea i hōʻea a ʻelua a ʻekolu paha makahiki paha.

I ka hopena, hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka lepo a puni ka lāʻau. He mea kūpono e waiho i ka mulch mai ka wahie a puni ka ʻōpala. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ka papila e pili ana iā 10 cm. Ua uhi ʻia nā Aisles me ka mauʻu. Pale kēia i ka mea kanu mai ka wela a hoʻomaloʻo i waho, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ʻae ka mulch i ka ea e kau. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia e mālama i nā ʻōpala a me ke lei me nā mea ulu fungicidal, e like me kahi prophylaxis e kū'ē i nā pōpoki (fungi a me nā mea maʻi).

ʻO nā subtleties o ka mālama

I ka mua, pono e hoʻohāinu mau ʻia nā mea kanu a ʻōleʻa i nā ʻanoʻu. ʻO ke kumu o ka superficial root system.

Loaʻa i kahi koʻikoʻi o ka mālamaʻana e hānai i nā manawa. Pono ia no kahi ulu a nui hoʻi. Pono ia e hoʻomaka i ka makahiki 5 ma hope o ke kanu ʻana, a lilo i kēlā me kēia wai puna. Pono e ʻokiʻoki i nā lālā:

  • hoʻopāliʻi i ka ulu lāʻau (kokoke lākou i kahi ʻāla basal);
  • ua hiki i ka makahiki 6;
  • maloʻo i ka hoʻoilo (ʻo ka manawa pinepine ka pua).

ʻO ka mea nui, i ka puna he mea nui e mālama i ka honu me nā fungicides (e kūʻē i nā fungi a me nā maʻi) a me nā mea inikiniko (e kūʻē i nā mea hihiu). I loko o kēia manawa, hānai nā mea kanu i ka lepo me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea minamina a me nā mea laikini:

  • pāleka kalima;
  • superphospate;
  • paʻakai paʻakai o ka paʻakai keleawe.

Pono e ninini kēia mau kālā me ka wai. No ka 10 l wai o ka wai, 50-100 g o kahi o kahi o ka hāʻule. Eia naʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka familiarize iā ʻoe iho me nā ʻōlelo a kēlā me kēia.

Ma mua o ke kūʻai ʻana i kahi mea kanu, pono ʻoe e nānā i ka seedling. Pono ka lālā a me ka ʻili me ka ʻole o ka hōʻino, a e hoʻopili pono nā aʻa (i loko o ke ʻeke a i mea pahu paha).

Nui nā ʻano lau o ka blueberries i ka hau, akā ʻōlelo ka poʻe loea i ka mālama pono o ka ʻili i ka hāʻule, ke hāʻawi nei iā ia i ka hoʻomākaukau kūpono no ka hoʻoilo. I ka wā i hala aku ai nā poli mua:

  • i kūlia i lalo i ka lepo;
  • hoʻoponopono i nā lālā me nā pale a i ʻole nā ​​kala paha;
  • kāʻei me ka agrofibre a burlap paha.

ʻAʻole pāpā ʻia e hoʻohana i nā mea polyethylene no nā hale. Ke piʻi aʻe ka wela, e hana ʻia kahi microclimate palupalu ma lalo o ka puʻu. Nā mea pana a make hoʻi.

I ke kauwela, pono nā blueberries i kahi ʻōnaehana kūpilikiʻi ikaika. No nā lā 7, ʻoi ke kālā o 20-30 lita o ka wai ma kēlā me kēia ulu lāʻau, e pili ana i ka mahana o ka ea. He mea pono ia e kiaʻi i ka lepo o ka lepo ma mua o Iulai a me ʻAukake, no ka mea, ua waiho ʻia nā mea kanu embryonic no ke makahiki aʻe. ʻO ka hapa haʻahaʻa e hōʻemi ai i ka lawe.

Leʻaleʻa

ʻO nā kaukani o nā māla e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā blueberries mai nā hua ma ka home, akā he hana lōʻihi kēia. ʻO ka mea mua, pono ʻoe e koho i nā huaʻu overripe me ka ʻole o nā pala a me nā hemahema. Pono ia e like me ka nui e like me ka mea hiki. A laila hana lākou e like me kēia algorithm:

  • ua maloʻo a mālama ʻia i kahi mahana o 0 + 5 ° C;
  • kanu ʻia i ka pūnāwai i ka lepo wai (mahana) a hohonu i 1,5 cm;
  • ua uhi lākou me ka mulch - lau, sawdust a me ka ʻōpala;
  • ka hoʻolele pinepine a me nā moena moe.

Hoʻomaka ka lole kiʻekiʻe ma ka makahiki 2. A hiki aku ka ulu lāʻau i ʻekolu makahiki o kona ulu ʻana, pono ia e hoʻokuʻi i kahi paʻa.

Eia kekahi, hoʻopiʻi ʻia nā blueberries e nā ʻokiʻoki, akā no kēia pono ʻoe e nānā i nā wikiō i hoʻomākaukau ʻia. ʻO kēia kahi ala wikiwiki hou a hilinaʻi. ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili o nā lālā (8-15 cm lōʻihi) me nā wana e hana koke ma hope o ka ulu ʻana o ka lāʻau i kona mau lau. I ka pūnāwai, ʻoki ʻia lākou e ala i nā keiki. Pono e ʻoki ʻia a ʻokiʻoki, ʻo ke keiki mua mai ka apopika ma ka mamao o 2 cm.

Ma mua o ke kanu ʻana, mālama ʻia nā koila no 30 mau lā i loko o ka friji (t = 0 + 5 ° C). E wikiwiki kēia i ka hana hoʻomohala. Ma kahi kihi o 90 ° ua kanu ʻia lākou i ka lepo me ke anuanu i ʻoki ʻia, i hana koke ʻia ma lalo o ka iwi. He mea nui e poina e pīpī i ka ʻaoʻao me ka pauka no ka huki. Hiki ke hana ʻia kahi hana ma ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo.

Pono e inu pinepine i nā ʻokiʻoki. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kūkulu i ka pākuʻi mai kahi kiʻi i uhi ʻia me ka spanbond e hana ai i ka hina haʻahaʻa. Ma hope o 2 mau mahina, e wehe i ka hut, a hoʻololi i nā ʻokiʻoki.

Me kēlā mau kiʻi ʻike o ka ʻike e pili ana i ka kanu ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā blueberries māla, hiki iā ʻoe ke kiʻi i ka hōʻiliʻili maikaʻi a hauʻoli i kou ʻohana me kēlā ʻano leʻaleʻa maikaʻi.