Ua hoʻonani ponoʻo Mankind i kāna mau māla me nā kamipōpō no hoʻokahi miliona mau makahiki. Ua kani like kona inoa Latin i nā moʻolelo o ka poʻomana Roma kahiko Virgil. Hiki ke ulu ʻo Juniper i ke ʻano o ka lāʻau, e like me ke kolamu, a me ka mea e ʻala ana i kahi pua, a uhi hoʻi i ka lepo me kahi kalaka. Hoʻohui ʻia kona mau lālā evergreen me nā pono lahilahi i ke ʻano o nā unahi ai ʻole nāʻuʻu. Hōʻino ka hapa nui o nā kamaliʻi: nā pollinators ʻo nā kāne male, a me nā hua hua wahine. Kāhea ʻia nā huaʻaʻa he "bump-berries." ʻAno nā umauma a me ka jam iā lākou, he mea ʻoluʻolu ʻole, akā me ka ʻono maikaʻi.
Juniper (Juniperus) - nā pua konipōpō evergreen a me nā kumu lāʻau o ka ʻohana Cypress (ʻO Cupressaceae).
Juniper Cossack (Juniperus sabina).
Kālā a me nā kalapu. Nā ʻano a me nā ʻano o ka juniper
ʻO Juniper Virginia, aiʻole ʻo Juniper Virginia (Juniperus virginiana)
ʻO Juniper Virginia, a i ʻole nā kumu penikala ma nā ʻĀkau ʻAmelika. I kekahi manawa ua hoʻohana ʻia kāna lāʻau no ka hana penikala, no laila ʻo ka inoa ʻelua o nā ʻano. ʻO Winters ma nā kula.
I kekahi manawa ua haki nā lālā ma lalo o ke kaupaona o ka hoʻoilo, no laila ke kuhikuhi ʻia e hoʻopaʻa i ka lei no ka hoʻoilo me ka māhoe. ʻAʻole i kaʻino i nā pōpilikia a me nā maʻi, pale-pale, hoʻomaloʻo-pale. ʻAi maikaʻi loa ʻo Juniper Virginia i ka hoʻoulu maikaʻi ʻana, ua kūleʻa ʻia i ka lepo, akā e ulu maikaʻi i ka loam one.
ʻO Juniper Virginia, aiʻole Juniper Virginia (Juniperus virginiana).
Ulu i ke ʻano o ka lāʻau me ke kiʻekiʻe o 15-30 m a me kahi ʻāpana ʻōpala a hiki i ka hapalua mita. Ma ke makahiki he 20, hiki ʻo ia i ke kiʻekiʻe o 6 m. Ua kūlike ke poʻo i nā lālā me nā lālā e hoʻokipa ana i ka lepo. ʻO nā kui pono ma nā wao a ka mea holoʻokoʻa, he pā maʻa, he liʻiliʻi, a me nā kui ʻōpio. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa nui ʻia kēia ʻano juniper i ka wā ʻōpiopio, a laila hiki ke ʻoki ʻia ka lei i lalo. Ua ulu wikiwiki a hoʻomaka e hua i ka hua. ʻO Cones-hua a hiki i ka 0.6 cm ka laulā, uliuli ʻeleʻele me kahi pua ʻōwili, e ʻāpono i ka manawa hoʻokahi, e maʻamau iā ʻOkakopa, a noho mau ma luna o nā kumu lāʻau i kahi lōʻihi. ʻO ka mea kanu, i kālai ʻia me nā hua uliuli o ke ʻano, he nani loa ia i ka wā hoʻoili.
Nui nā mea hoʻohanohano no ka juniper wahine. ʻO nā mea lāʻau me kahi lei aliʻi pyramidal ka mea maikaʻi loa:
- ʻO Pyramidiformis (Pyramidiformis), e like me kahi kuʻikuʻi 10 mika ʻaoʻao me ka mauʻu ʻulaʻula kukui i ke kauwela a me ka pastel papala i ka hoʻoilo;
- e pili ana i ke kiʻekiʻe like ʻo Shottii, me nā aniani ʻolima ʻulaʻula;
- ʻO Polymorph (Polymorpha), me nā ʻelee hina-hina ʻulaʻula ma lalo a me nā mea ʻulaʻula i luna;
- ʻO Filifera, ʻo ka lei aliʻi ʻulaʻula ʻoi aku ia;
- ʻO Chamberlaynii (Chamberlaynii), me ka hoʻolei ʻana i nā lālā lōʻihi i nā pono lāʻau ʻaukā, ua hana ʻia ka puhaluhulu hina-hina maikaʻi.
ʻO Juniper Virginia, aiʻole Juniper Virginia (Juniperus virginiana).
I waena o nā keiki kāne ʻōpiopio, aia nā pua.
- ʻO Dumosa (Dumosa) kēia - me ka lei lei poʻo-pyramidal a me nā lālā i uhi ʻia me nā moʻo lāʻau ulaula nui;
- Albospicata (Albospicata) - a hiki i 5 m kiʻekiʻe, pono ke kapa ʻeleʻele ma nā kihi o nā ʻōpala;
- Helle (Helle) - me kahi ākea ākea o nā pihi ākea o nā kala'ōmaʻomaʻo;
- ʻO Glauca (Glauca) - ʻano kolana, a hiki i ka 5 m ke kiʻekiʻe, me nā ʻeleʻele ʻulaʻula.
- Kosteri (Kosteri) - nānahu palupalu, ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka lau nahele a me ka māla pōhaku.
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka ʻōpio juniper e kahi ʻāpana ʻokoʻa o nā pono.
- Nā Lāila (Cinerascens) - pua ʻōmaʻomaʻo-ashen;
- Aureospicata (Aureospicata) - me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo o nā lālā ʻōpiopio;
- Aureovariegata (Aureovariegata) - gula-motley.
Juniper Pelika (Juniperus chinensis)
Ulu ka mea kīleʻe Kina ma nā kumu kalai a i ʻole nā mea peʻe ma nā kuahiwi o Kina, Manchuria, Iapana. Hiki i kona aʻa ikaika ke komo i loko o nā kalapu, nā ʻili ma waena o nā pōhaku a me nā kenekulia e mālama ai i nā mea kanu, ʻoiai ma kahi kūlana. Ma muli o kēia waiwai, hoʻohana nui ʻia ka juniper China e hoʻoikaika i nā palahalaha, hoʻonani i nā pā pōhaku a me nā kiʻi. I Moscow, e hānai ia me ka ʻole o kahi e hāʻawi ai a ulu i kēlā me kēia makahiki a hiki i ka 20 cm ke kiʻekiʻe.hō ʻia ia i ka lepo, akā ʻaʻole ia e ʻae i ka ea maloʻo.
He nui nā mea hoʻonani a me nā ʻano like ʻole e ka juniper China.
Juniper Chinese (Juniperus chinensis).
ʻO nā pua, ʻo ka mea kaulana loa:
- Hetzii (Hetzii) - iā 5 m kiʻekiʻe a he 8 m ākea me nā ʻeleʻele hina-ʻulaʻula;
- Pfitzeriana (Pfitzeriana) - hiki i ke 4 m kiʻekiʻe, a me nā lālā kūhelu lima, i uhi ʻia i nā kukui ʻōmaʻomaʻo me nā ʻulaʻula uliuli;
- Japonica (Japonica) - kahi ulu lāʻau ākea me kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻaʻole iʻoi aku i ka 3 m;
- Gold Coast (Gold Koast) - kahi ulu lāʻau maloʻo me nā lālā melemele gula.
Juniper Cossack (Juniperus sabina)
Loaʻa ka Cossack juniper ma ka Caucasus, Crimea, Siberia, Central Asia, a i nā mauna hoʻi o Central and Southern Europe, China, and Mongolia. Ua maluhia maikaʻi ʻo ia me ka ʻole o ka wahi i ka palena o ka waena, he kūleʻa ka maloʻo, a me nā koina lepo haʻahaʻa.
Kū kekahi i nā ʻano o ka lāʻau me ke kiʻekiʻe o 2 a 4 m, akā ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻano i hōʻike ʻia e kahi puʻupuʻu haʻahaʻa (1-1.5 m) me nā kolo e hoʻomāhuahua ana i nā lālā. Ua uhi ʻia nā ʻōpala me nā moʻi scaly, waiwai i nā aila koʻikoʻi, hāʻawi i ka mea kanu i kahi ʻala kūikawā. Ma ke ala, ʻaʻole makemake ka pākino iā ia, ʻo ia ke kumu e hoʻopiʻi maikaʻi ai kahi lālā o Cossack juniper i kahi pale lole.
ʻO ka ʻōlelo kūpono: He nani nā Cossack juniper, maʻalahi e ulu, akā aia kekahi o kāna mau ʻano ʻelua i loaʻa nā drawbacks. ʻO ka mua ka hele ʻana o ka aʻa sabinol ma nā kuʻuna, no ka mea e hiki ke kūpaʻa nā ʻupena. Hana kēia i kahi mea kanu hua ʻole i ka māla, kahi i liʻiliʻi nā keiki liʻiliʻi. Akā ʻo - Cossack juniper ka mea lawe ʻōpala, no laila ʻaʻole pono nā mea e kanu ʻia i nā hua hua a me nā hua pua.
He mea maikaʻi kēia juniper kiʻi nani i nā māla pōhaku a me nā māla nunui. Eia kekahi, aia nā hiʻohiʻona kūpono no ka ulu ʻana i nā palapala nani. Penei ka helu, a hiki i ka 0.5 m o ke kiʻekiʻe a hiki i ka 2 m ākea Tamariscofoliac, me nā kuʻina o kahi pāpaʻu ʻulaʻula; Hōʻike kupanaha ʻo Variegata - me nā ʻāpana ʻeleʻele-keʻokeʻo o nā pono a me Erecta - me kahi lei aliʻi 2-mika.
Juniper Cossack (Juniperus sabina).
ʻO Juniper Daurian (Juniperus davurica)
Noho ʻo Juniper Juniper ma nā puʻu mauna, nā kahawai kahawai ma East Siberia a me ka Far East. Hoʻopili ia i ka lepo, ka hoʻoilo i ka wā paʻakikī, photophilous, akā hiki ke hoʻomanawanui i ka lōlō iki.
He kupu līlī kēia e ulu ʻole ma mua o 0,5 m i ke kiʻekiʻe a aneane 3 m ākea paha. I nā ʻōpala hiki i nā wā like i nā laulet-me nā pono o nā ʻano like ʻole: ʻo ka scaly a me nā butele like-ʻoki, 7-8 cm lōʻihi ka lōʻihi. ʻO Cones-hua a hiki i ka 0,5 cm ka lōʻihi, maikaʻi loa no ka hana ʻana i nā tinctures. Ke koi nui nei ka puka ʻana o Expanse me nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo uliuli kukui.
I kēia manawa, ʻo Daurian Juniper (Juniperus davurica) i helu ʻia i kahi subspecies o Cossack Juniper (Juniperus sabina var. Davurica)
ʻO Juniper maʻamau, a ʻo Veres (Juniperus komunis).
ʻO Juniper maʻamau, a ʻo Veres (Juniperus komunis)
Hiki ke loaʻa i ka juniper maʻamau ma waena o Rūsia. Hoʻopili loa ka mea kanu i ke ʻano, hoʻohālikelike i nā kūlana ola ʻē aʻe a me ka laumua. ʻAʻole makaʻu ʻo ia i ka hau a me ka maloʻo, ulu i nā maloʻo maloʻo a maloʻo. Me ka pale ʻana o ka pōʻai ʻana, akā maikaʻi ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma nā wahi kūlohelohe. Hoʻopau kekahi mea kanu ulu a hiki i 2 tausani mau makahiki.
Hōʻike ia i ke ʻano o kahi lāʻau i kālai ʻia a hiki i 15 m ke kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole kahi kue mai 2 a 6 m ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe. A he haunaele ka pīpī ʻana o nā pihi, no laila ʻaʻole ka hopena i loaʻa i ka lei. Nā Pōhaku ma Mei me nā kukui spikelets melemele i nā lāʻau kāne a me nā pua nani ʻalaʻulaʻula i ka wahine. ʻO ka cone-hua ka ʻiʻo, ʻōmaʻomaʻo mua, i ka lua o ka makahiki, i ka wā e oki ai, he ʻeleʻele-uliuli me ka pua ʻaʻala a me ka ʻiʻo tarry.
ʻO ka ʻōlelo kūpono: I ka lāʻau lapaʻau kānaka, nā huaʻai o ka juniper maʻamau (akā ʻaʻole ʻo Cossack!) I manaʻo ʻia he lāʻau lapaʻau. Manaʻo ʻia e kuke iā lākou (1 tbsp.spoon i loko o kahi aniani o ka wai e hoʻolapalapa ana, waiho no 30 mau minuke, a laila kānana) a lawe i kahi infusion o 1 tbsp. ʻO ka puna 3-4 mau lā i kahi lā no nā maʻi o ka ate, ka pā ʻana, ka rumū. ʻO nā hua momona ka maikaʻi no nā ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū.
He nui nā mea hoʻonani a me nā ʻano. ʻO nā kamipila maʻamau, e like me nā kukui kukui, he kūlike ia:
- Hibernica (hibernica) - ʻiliʻili ʻia, a hiki i 4 m kiʻekiʻe;
- Hoʻolaha gula (Goldcone) -column-ʻano, me nā melemele ʻeleʻele;
- Meyer (Meyer) - kahi kolana, a hiki i 3 m ke kiʻekiʻe, me nā ʻula ʻulaʻula.
ʻO Junipers me ka lei aliʻi ʻo Pendula e ulu ana a hiki i 5 m, a like me kekahi pōkā Echinoformis (Echinoformis) he nani nō hoʻi. Makemake nā poʻe aloha i nā lāʻau e like me Hornibrookii a me Repanda - 30-50 cm ke kiʻekiʻe, me nā lālā pālahalaha 1,5-2 m lōʻihi, ua uhi ʻia me nā moʻo lāʻau-kala; Nana Aurea (Nana Aurea) - hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe a 50 cm, me nā ʻōpala melemele ākea-nani.
ʻO Juniper maʻamau, a ʻo Veres (Juniperus komunis).
Siberian juniper (Juniperus sibirica)
Loaʻa ka lole juniper Siberian i Siberia a me ka Far East. Hiki ke ulu ma ka peaty a me ka ʻōpala, kahi paʻakikī a paʻakikī loa.
Hoʻohālike ia i ka juniper maʻamau, akā ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi a me ke kala aku iā ia no ka mauʻu like ʻole. Ulu lohi, a no ka manawa lōʻihi kona mau kaila pīhoihoi e like me nā uluna velvet. ʻO ka cone-berries ka aneane spherical, me ka lōʻihi a hiki i ka 0.6 cm, e huehue i ka makahiki ʻelua. Hoʻokumu ʻia no ka hoʻōla ʻana o nā kīhaka pōhaku.
I kēia manawa, ua hui pū ʻia ʻo Siberian Juniper (Juniperus sibirica) i loko o ka maʻamau ʻo Juniper (Juniperus komunis var. Saxatilis).
ʻO Junipererusosa (Juniperus komunis var. Saxatilis) kahi i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma mua o kahi ʻano kūʻokoʻa - Siberian Juniper (Juniperus sibirica).
Pehea e ulu ai i ka juniper?
Ke kanu ʻana ʻo Juniper
ʻO ka mamao ma waena o nā kamaliʻi ma waena o 0,5 a me 4 m, hāʻawi ʻia i ka nui o ka mokuʻāina. Koho ʻia ka wahi i mākaʻikaʻi ʻia e ka lā. ʻO ka hapa pinepine, ua kālai ʻia kahi lua o ke kanu ʻana he 70 × 70 cm, akā ʻo ka mea mua o nā mea āpau e pono ai ke nānā i ka nui o ka ʻōnaehana. ʻElua mau pule ma mua o ke kanu ʻana, piha ka lua-hapakolu o ka lua i kahi mea kanu uala e kū pono ana i ka lepo, ka lepo lepo lepo a me ka one kahawai, i lawe ʻia ma kahi ʻano o 2: 1: 1.
Akā i hiki ke koho ʻia nā koho i ʻaneʻi. No ka laʻana, no ke kanu ʻana i ka juniper Siberian, pono ia e hoʻonui i ka nui o ke one (2-3 mau wahi), pono e hoʻolako i ka lepo no Cossack, a hoʻohui pū i ka wai kalima lepo hou no ka Virgin. Kono ʻia ma ka waiho ʻana i nā aʻa i ka lani. Ma hope koke o ke kanu ʻana, ua hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka mea kanu, a uhi ʻia ka lua me ka maʻa, ʻōpala a i ʻole he sawdust (layer 5-8 cm).
Juniper rocky (Juniperus scopulorum).
Hōʻike mālama Juniper
Hana ʻia a hoʻoluna wai
ʻAʻole hiki ke hānai nā mahina ʻo Junipers, akā pane maikaʻi lākou i ka hoʻopuka ʻana o ka nitroammophoski (30-40 g / m2) i ka lāʻApelila-Mei. Ma aneane nā keiki āpau e hoʻomanawanui, akā inā maloʻo ke kauwela, pono e hoʻōla i ka wai iā lākou i hoʻokahi mahina, a e hōʻuluʻulu i ka lei i hoʻokahi pule i ka he o ke kakahiaka a me ke ahiahi.
Hoʻopili ʻo Juniper
E wāwahi ʻia nā Junipers inā he ʻano pānaʻi lākou. I nā hiʻohiʻona āpau, maloʻo, ʻoki a maʻi ʻia paha nā lālā i lawe ʻia i ka puna a me ka ʻohi.
Papa no ka hoʻoilo
ʻAʻole pono nā ʻano o ka juniper i ka ʻaoʻao waena e pale ai i ka hoʻoilo pōkulu. No ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana no ka hoʻoilo, ʻo ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā lālā o ka lei me ka twine (i kahi kikoʻe mai luna a i lalo) e pale ai i kahi hau ulaula. ʻO nā mea hou wale nō i ka uhi hoʻoilo hoʻoilo mua me nā lālā pulu. A no nā mea kanu thermophilic e ʻoluʻolu loa i ka hoʻoilo, inā i ka wā o ka ʻohi, ua hāmama ʻoe i ka pōʻai lāʻau me kahi papala o ka 10-12 cm.
Ua wehe ka Juniper, a i ʻole ka ʻaoʻao Juniper (Juniperus horizontalis).
Hoʻolaha ʻo Juniper
Hoʻohui ʻia nā huaiki mai nā hua kanu, ʻokiʻoki ʻoni me kahi kuʻekuʻe, a me nā mea e kolo ana mai nā lau.
ʻO ka ʻōlelo kūpono: Kanu lākou a kanu i kākipula hua kōpani ma ʻApelila-Mei. E ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke aʻa 4-5 mau makahiki i kanu ʻia me kahi māla o ka honua. Kēia maoli nō kēia no Cossack juniper, aia ka aʻa i ka aʻa aʻa.
Ke ulu nei ʻo Juniper Berry
Aia nā hua i loaʻa ma ka cone-berry mahele i nā ʻano like ʻole: i kekahi - i ka makahiki pua, i nā makahiki ʻē aʻe. Hōʻike nā pana i ka wā lulu lūlū i nā makahiki 1-3. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi i ka lūlū i ka juniper i ka pūnāwai. Hoʻohui ʻia nā hua ʻai i loko o ke kauwela a i ʻole ka lūlū me ka ʻeleʻele kahe a mālama ʻia i ka mahana o ka lumi no hoʻokahi mahina, a laila 4 mau mahina ma 14-15 ° C. Ma hope o kēlā kūleʻa ʻana, puka mai nā mea kanu ma ka makahiki lulu. Hoʻohui ʻia ka ʻāina i nā pua, lawe ʻia ma kahi kokoke i nā aʻa o kahi keiki'ōpiopio e ulu nei i ka māla. Loaʻa nā pupu mycorrhizal, pono no ka hoʻomohala ʻana o kēia lāʻau.
Eʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka lūlū i nā pahu a hiki i 12 cm kiʻekiʻe a me nā lua wai. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā ʻōpala a i ʻole nā haki ʻōpala ma ka ʻaoʻao lalo, a laila ka lula o ka launa ʻana o ka lepo mai nā wahi like ʻole o ka ʻāina turf a me ka one, a me ka ʻōwili coniferous hou e ninini ʻia me kahi papa o 4 cm ma luna. A laila ulu lākou i nā ala like e like me nā mea conifers ʻē aʻe (e ʻike i nā ʻaoʻao 35-36).
ʻO ke kūpeʻe ka juniper, a i ʻole kū i ka Juniper (Juniperus recurva).
E ulu ana ʻo Juniper mai kahi pua
Nā kiʻi hoʻonani i hoʻomālaʻi ʻia e nā ʻokiʻoki. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi me ka ʻokiʻoki iā lākou i ka hopena o Iune, mai luna loa o ka lei. Hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o kahi haleʻeleʻele iʻeleʻele, e uhi ana i ka pō me nā māla. Kūpono i kahi hohonu o 2 cm i kahi hui lepo e loaʻa ana i nā māhele like i nā ʻōpala turum a me nā moʻo juniper. Ma kahi o ka mea hope, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ke one me ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka ʻāina mai lalo o nā kamaliʻi. I aʻe, ulu e like me ka hana maʻamau.
Scaly juniper (Juniperus squamata).
E ulu ana ʻo Juniper mai kahi lālā
Kūleʻa maʻalahi nā mea hana ma ka waiho ʻana. I ka pūnāwai, e waiho ʻia ana nā ʻōpala ma luna o ka ʻōpū o ke ana i loko o nā puʻu i hoʻopiha ʻia me ka hui ʻana o ka peat, ke kahawai a me ka honua, i lawe ʻia i nā ʻano like like ʻole. I ka manawa o ko lākou inu ʻana, e wehe ai i ka lepo, a i ka pūnāwai o ka makahiki e hiki mai ana i ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū a hoʻōla iā ia no ka ulu ʻana.
Juniper waha (Juniperus procumbens).
ʻO ka palekana Juniper e pale aku i nā pōpilikia a me nā maʻi
ʻO ke kumu o ka curvature o nā pua, e hoʻolohi ana i ka ulu ʻana o ka juniper hiki ke aphids. I ka wā e kū ana, e mālama i nā mea kanu me Iskra ma o ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka papa lāʻau o ka lāʻau i loko o 10 l o ka wai.
Inā ʻike ʻoe i nā nest spider webster o ka ʻōpala, e hoʻokaʻawale iā lākou inā hiki, a kāpīpī i ka juniper me karbofos (70-80 g no 10 l o ka wai).
ʻO kekahi manawa hōʻino ka mea huapalapala i nā pua. Inā mae loa nā lālā, a ʻole i loko ona, a laila ʻo ia kāna hana. E wiwo ana ka paioni me fufanone (20 ml no 10 l o ka wai).
ʻAʻole kanu ʻia nā Cossack a me nā kumulāʻau maʻamau ma hope o nā kumulāʻau hua a me nā hua pua ʻona, no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke huakaʻi ʻia me nā maʻi jamur e hoʻonā ana i nā pua pupu, ke ʻano o ka mucus ma luna. Pono e ʻoki ʻia nā lālā ʻokiʻoki, a me ka mea kanu i hoʻopili ʻia i kahi ʻāpana o ka māla.
I ka huli ʻana, he mea hoʻomehana ka juniper i ka ʻikepili, ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻopilikia ai i ka poʻe noho o ka hua o ka māla huaʻa. E hooki i ka hohola ʻana o ka maʻi, ua ʻoki ʻia nā lālā brown, a hoʻopau ʻia ka juniper i ka wai o Bordeaux (100 g no 10 mau wai o ka wai).
Mea kākau: Tatyana Dyakova, Luna Nui o ka ʻepekema Kūʻai
