ʻO nā maʻi nui o nā mea kanu lāʻau

I kēia mau makahiki i hala iho nei, ua lilo nā mea conifers i nā hiʻohiʻona kula o nā pā o ke kūlanakauhale, nā wahi, nā alahele, nā kaʻa kauwela. Mea paha, he mahele nui i ka makemake i nā mea kanu deciduous e pili ana i ka maikaʻi o ko lākou makahiki holoʻokoʻa, ʻoki ʻana i nā lau hāʻule i ka lau a me ka manaʻo hoʻopunipuni e pili ana i ka nalo ʻana o nā maʻi i nā conifers. ʻO ia ka hewa nui o nā māla lāʻau i hoʻoholo ai e hoʻololi a hoʻohui nui paha i ka helehelena me nā mea kanu koniferous.

Nā mea kanu lāʻau i loko o ka māla. © JR P

Ma aneane i loko o ke kauwela kauwela hiki i nā ʻano conifers ke ulu a keu, ʻoi loa ma waena a me ka ʻākau o Russia. Akā i kēia lā, ua hoʻoholo ʻo nā hemahema e hoʻopiha i nā wahi ʻāpana kalepa a me nā wahi e pili ana i kēia mau moʻomeheu hoihoi.

ʻO ka mea mua pono ʻoe e hoʻomaʻamaʻa iā ʻoe iho me ka kahakaha o nā conifers a koho i nā ʻano ʻano hiki ke maʻalahi iā ia e hiki ke kūpono i ka hana a puni ke kiʻi i nā kūlana hou no lākou. ʻO nā mea hoʻololi i kahi kūʻokoʻa i ke ʻano nui loa, e nalowale i ko lākou mau kino a me ka maʻalahi i nā maʻi lēpaʻa (rot, dew, fungal and bacteria bacteria). No laila, i nā makahiki mua (5-7 mau makahiki), pono lākou i kahi mālama ākea a ākea.

Inā hana ʻia nā kūlana kūpono loa no ka poʻe conifers i loko o ka ʻāina, akā loaʻa kahi maʻi maʻi (ʻaʻole lākou, ulu, hoʻokaʻawale nā lālā a i ʻole ka lāʻau a pau, etc.), pono e hoʻoholo ʻoe i ke ʻano o ka pōʻino i hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i 2 mau hui:

maʻi ʻole hōʻeha ʻia o ka maʻi.
nā maʻi ʻohi.

Nā mea kanu lāʻau i loko o ka māla. © MrArtlover1

ʻO nā maʻi e ʻike ʻole i nā conifers

Hiki ke maʻi ʻia nā maʻi noncommunicable e kēia:

rauemi hoʻonaʻu haʻahaʻa,
nā hōʻeha kino o kahi hua liʻiliʻi,
ʻōnaehana uneveloped
nele i kekahi mau meaʻai
Hoʻopili ka lā ma ka lā o ka pūnāwai, ke kū ʻole nei nā aʻa i ka ʻāina anuanu.
wai puna wai e hoʻomake ai i ka make a me ka make o ka ʻili,
ka hohonu o ka wai (a hiki i ke ʻano o ka wai) o ka ʻōnaehana a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

ʻAʻole lawe ʻia kēia ʻano "maʻi" i nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe a hiki ke hoʻoponopono ʻia i ka mālama ʻana i nā mea kanu. Ma hope o nā kaʻina āpau, pono ka mālama ʻana i nā mea kanu a me nā mea pākeke me nā mākaukau olaola. ʻO kēia e hoʻonui i ka kūʻē o nā mea kanu i nā pōʻino o nā mea kūlohelohe a me nā hala i ka mālama. ʻO ka hoʻomākaukau, ʻo ka rootin, super humisol, zircon, immunodeficiency, sillplant a me nā mea hou e hoʻohana ai i nā lāʻau olakino hou e palekana ana i ke olakino a me nā holoholona.

Nā maʻi maʻi e ulu ana

ʻO nā maʻi maʻi maʻi nā maʻi e hiki ke hoʻoiho ʻia a kūleʻe paha i nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe. I kēlā me kēia mau maʻi e loaʻa i ka maʻi kūlohelohe o ka lepo a me nā maʻi maʻi pā (fusarium a me ka pala piha, alternariosis, ʻae ʻia, hoʻomaloʻo i nā lālā o ka ʻōpala, ka hope, ka maʻi kanesa, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) ʻO nā maʻi o luna ka mea like ʻole o nā hua a me nā hua ʻē aʻe ākea ākea a hiki ke hoʻopilikia i nā conifers. Akā he mau maʻi conifers nā mea wale nō no kēia ʻano mea kanu. Hāʻawi kēia (brown, hau, hau). ʻO ka aila kumu kumu o ka maʻi kekahi mau ʻano o nā pua ascomycetes e hōʻeuʻeu i ka lāʻau coniferous a no ka make ʻana o ka mea kanu.

ʻĀ aʻa. Kāhea ʻia e ka ʻāhui Lophodermium seditiosum. © I.Sáček

ʻO Schütte brown, ʻeleʻele, i kēia manawa

Ke kīkē nei ʻo Schütte mai nā mea kīpī coniferous, pine, fir, spruce, sedres, cypress, thuja.

Hoʻoulu ʻia ka maʻi maʻi

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka Mycelium o kahi pua shute ma lalo o ka hoʻoilo ma kahi mahana o + 0.5 * C a ma luna. Ma hope o ka hoʻoheʻeheʻe ʻana o ka hau ma nā kumulāʻau coniferous, ʻike ʻia kahi kekele i hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka maʻi ʻōpala. Ma nā pulima maʻi, ua ʻike maopopo ʻia kahi kīpaʻi cobwebby ʻeleʻele - kahi mycelium overgrown. Inā ʻoe e nānā pololei (ma ke aniani nā nui), ʻike maopopo ʻia nā ʻāpana ʻeleʻele - nā hua hua o ke kua. ʻO nā mea āpau e hoʻopilikia nui ʻia nā mea kanu ʻōpiopio me ka pale ʻana i ka palupalu ma hope o ke hoʻololi ʻana. Ma ka juniper, ʻike wīwī nā kaila kahiko ma hope - i ke kauwela kauwela. Loaʻa i nā pono ke kala kala-kala a ʻulaʻula paha. I ka hopena o ke kauwela, ʻike ʻia nā ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele i nāʻaoʻao o nā moina - nā hua hua hua me nā hua manu. Hoʻoulu maikaʻi ka hāpū i nā wahi haʻahaʻa ma nā mea nāwaliwali nāwaliwali. Hoʻopiha koke ʻo Mycelium i ka lāʻau, e hōʻoki i ka hiki ke loaʻa i ka pono o ka pono. ʻAʻole huli i nā ʻōpala, maloʻo, a aneane ʻole e hāʻule. Hoʻopuka koke nā pēpē me nā hua spora i ka lewa a pili i nā pono lahilahi. Hoʻokumu ʻo Snowfall i nā kūlana e pono ai no ka hoʻoilo. Me ka hoʻohemo ʻana o ka wai ma ka puna wai, loaʻa i ka maʻi ka manawa kūpono e pālahalaha wikiwiki ʻia nei ka maʻi.

Hoʻokomo ka maoli a me ka hau i nā ʻano like ʻole. Kūkulu kekahi ʻōpū kino i ka mahana o 0 * C ma lalo o ka hoʻoilo. I ka pūnāwai a me ka wā kauwela o ke kauwela, ulu nui ka ulu o ka lāʻau i ka lāʻau. Hoʻopili nā kīʻaha spore i ka wā heʻe. Huli nā ʻili a nā ʻili i hoʻopili ʻia, huli i ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula. Ua make nā lāʻau, ʻoi loa ka poʻe ʻōpio.

Juniper Shute Kāhea ʻia e ka pua Lophodermium juniperinum. © huopuia

Nā mea hoʻololi mai ka huluhulu

Hāʻawi nā hopena kūpono i nā ana palekana palekana.

Kūkulu ʻia nā mea kanu kūlohelohe i ka hōʻino ʻia i nā kauwela kauwela a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe.
Pono nā hua liʻiliʻi e hoʻokaʻawale i nā lāʻau pākē a me nā mea kanu coniferous.
I nā kauwela kauwela, pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā pulupulu maʻi hāʻule, maʻi a maloʻo nā lālā maloʻo. Pau ke ahi.
I loko o ke kauwela, no nā kumu prophylactic a me ka therapeutic, mālama nā conifers i ka 1-2% me ka wai o Bordeaux a i ʻole nā hoʻomākaukau keleawe ʻē aʻe, e koho ana iā lākou me ka mālama ʻana me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana no ka manu (Skor, HOM, Abiga-Peak, Purebloom, ʻeke kalepa a me nā mea ʻē aʻe). E like me ke keʻakeʻa pale ʻana, lawe ʻia ka mālama wai, a mālama ʻia nā lāʻau maʻi ma hope o nā lā 10-15-20 lā me nā lāʻau lapaʻau e like me nā manaʻo. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i ka mālama ʻana o nā conifers me nā hui tank, ma hope o ka nānā ʻana i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana no ka hoʻokūkū. Hoʻopili ke kūlohelohe i nā mea kanu wale nō, akā ʻo ka lepo hoʻi. Loaʻa nā hopena maikaʻi ma o ka mālama ʻana i ka lepo a me nā ʻāpana o ka ea me ka biofungicides, phytosporin, gamair, planriz.

ʻO ka huki a me ke aʻa rotip o conifers

ʻO ka mea kumu kumu o ka fusarium (tracheomycosis) a me ka aʻa kumuʻaʻa, ʻo nā fungi pathogen. ʻO ka hapanui pinepine, pālahalaha, fir, pine, larch a pili pū kekahi. I waho, hōʻike ʻia ka maʻi i nā lāʻau pākeke a me nā mea kanu lāʻau i ka hoʻomoʻa ʻana o ka mauʻu a me kona hoʻokahe. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona ka maʻi o ka ʻaoʻao waena o ka lei i loko o nā conifers a pau. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa kahi o nā pine, kahi ʻeleʻele ke kuʻi i nā ʻōpala kū hoʻokahi. I nā mākeke liʻiliʻi, hoʻomaka nā aʻa. Huli nā huaʻala, a ma hope o ka make ʻana o nā aʻa, hāʻule ka lāʻau i kekahi ʻaoʻao.

Ua ʻai ʻo Fusarium. © Nick Brazee

ʻO ka hapa pinepine, ʻo nā kanu kanu coniferous i loaʻa i nā wahi me kahi kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka wai lepo e hoʻopilikia ʻia. Ke kanu ʻia ma luna o nā lepo i neʻe nui ʻia, me ka ʻole o ka hoʻomākaukau hou ʻana o ka lua ʻauʻau. I nā kūlana ʻelua, pono ka lōkū a me ka saturation o ka hui lepo me nā mea hoʻokuʻu ʻenemi (humus, peat a me kekahi).

Nā hana palekana

ʻO ka mea mua, lawe mākou i lalo o lalo a hōʻiliʻili paha i ka wai ma hope o ka hoʻoalulu ʻana i ka hau a me nā ua nui, i hiki ai ke kahe hāpana i ka aʻa. Hana mākou i ka lepo a me ka punawai o nā mea kanu. Wehe mākou i ke ʻano o ka aʻa me ka hoʻonā o ka cardicide a i ʻole foundationazole. Ke hoʻoiho nei i nā mea kanu i nā kauwela kauwela, inā inā he keiki liʻiliʻi nā ʻohana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā huahana biolio (biofungicides) - phytosporin, gamair, alirin, planriz. Mai lākou mai hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomākaukau i nā palaki a ʻoi ʻia a hoʻoili i ka lei a me ka lepo ma lalo o nā mea kanu. Hoʻohana maikaʻi nā huahana biological i ke kaʻina loina i ka wā wela.

ʻAwaʻawa ʻo Conifer

Hoʻokomo ka ʻeha i ka larch a me ka pine. I ka pūnāwai, puka ʻia nā wahi melemele-melemele i nā pūlea. Ma hope mai, puka nā mycelium i nā ʻeke lawe spore-lawe. Ua uhi ʻia nā pulupulu i nā wahi brown. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka pōʻino o ka ʻōpala, ʻo ia kekahi mau hana o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hua i mālama ʻia i nā mea kanu mea kanu a, inā kūleʻa, pili i nā hua kanu koniferous (makani, lūlū). Hiki i ka puehu ʻaihili ke hoʻopili i nā lālā ʻōpala a me nā makahiki mau o ka paina Weymouth a me nā pine Scots. ʻIke ʻia nā wahi melemele-ʻoni i ka hakahaka o ka cortex - mycelium me nā mea lawe spore.

Nā hana palekana

E mālama i nā mea kanu me nā fungicides topaz (scor) a i ʻole ka strobe. E hana hou i ka hana 2-3 i nā lā 15-20. Kahi lihihi o kēia mau lāʻau a me ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka kartotsida hana maikaʻi loa ia. No ka hui ʻana o ka pahu wai, hoʻomākaukau mākou i kahi ʻāpana o kēlā me ka manuahi ka hoʻokaʻawale a, ma hope o ke nānā ʻana no ka hoʻohulike ʻana, ua hui pū ʻia mākou. Lawe ʻia ka ʻike ʻana o nā hoʻonā a me ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā mea kanu e like me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo.

Altenariosis, ʻōkuhi, a me ka hoʻohemo ʻana o nā lau

ʻO ka altenariosis a me nā hina hina ka hopena e pili pinepine ana i nā wahi ea o nā ʻōpio juniper a me nā arborvitae. Hōʻike ka maʻi iā ia iho i ke ʻano o nā hina hina a ʻulaʻula paha. Ua nalowale nā mea pana. Hōʻike ʻia kahi ʻike kokoke i nā meaka o nā conidia nāu, ka mea e hoʻomaka ai ke ʻano o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā mea kanu. Hōʻalo nā mea kanu me nā mālamalama kala, paʻa ʻole, a me ka ʻole o ka mālamalama. Hoʻopilikia ʻia ka maloʻo o nā lālā e nā mau pua a me nā helehelena i like me ka pohō a ka puʻu. Ke hoʻomau nei ka maʻi ma nā lelo o ka ʻili a ke waiho nei nā mea kanu i nā moʻo nā haumia, nā nāhelehele, a me nā ʻōpala ʻelua hapalua.

Nā hana palekana

Hoʻopili ʻia ka maʻemaʻe ma nā lālā maʻi a me ka mānoanoa. ʻO ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana o ka lei a me nā ʻāpana lele i nā mea kanu. Pono e mālama ʻia nā ʻāpana āpau me nā ʻano māla, kahi hopena o ke keleawe keleawe a i ʻole ka mea ʻoni kino e pale ai i ka maʻi hou o nā mea kanu.
Hoʻomaka mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pūnāwai a i ka wā mahana, hoʻokō i ka hoʻōla kūlohelohe i 20-30 mau lā me ka wai o Bordeaux, hoʻomākaukau ʻana ʻo Abiga-peak, hiki koke ke kala ʻokoʻa. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomākaukau i ka hoʻohuihui tank kahi mai luna aʻe a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe i pīpī ʻia a kāpī i nā mea kanu. Ke hoʻohana nei i nā ʻano ʻauʻau tank, hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ka nui o nā lāʻau lapaʻau i 3 i kēlā me kēia kau. E like me nā maʻi i hōʻike ʻia ma mua, altenariosis a me nā moho, ka hoʻomalo ʻia ʻana o ka lāʻau i ke kālai ʻia e nā huahana biola i haʻi ʻia.

I ka moʻolelo e wehewehe ai i nā maʻi maʻamau, nā maʻi maʻamau o nā mea kanu kanu coniferous i kanu pinepine ʻia i nā kauwela kauwela a me nā hale. Pono e ʻōlelo wau e mālama maikaʻi ʻia nā lehelehe kolohe e nā huahana olakino. No laila, i ka home, e ʻimi i nā ala e pale aku ai i nā lāʻau mai nā maʻi me nā lālama ʻaʻole maikaʻi ʻole i ke olakino a ka ʻohana a me nā holoholona. Hāʻawi ka ʻatikala i kekahi o nā huahana a me nā huahana maʻamau. ʻAʻole lākou he ʻīlio maʻi. I kēlā me kēia lā, hāʻawi ka ʻoihana kemika i nā lāʻau lapaʻau hou, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. Hiki iā ʻoe ke koho kūʻokoʻa i kēlā i kūpono i kou mau ʻano conifers, i ulu i ka home.