ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i kahi pākeke, a ʻoi aku ka pēpē me ka nānā ʻole i kēia evergreen maikaʻi. ʻO ka leʻaleʻa maikaʻi loa o ka Makahiki Hou ʻaʻole hiki ke hū ʻole me nā kukui lāʻau Kalikimaka. Mai 1700, ua mālama ʻia kēia lā hoʻomaha maikaʻi me mākou. ʻOiai inā e hoʻonani i kahi pine a i ʻole paha no ka hoʻolauleʻa Hou Hou, ua kāhea ʻia ʻia lākou he kumu Kalikimaka. ʻO ka poʻe holo moku, e hoʻonani pinepine ana i ka New Year ma nā ʻalopona a i ʻole ka hema hema, i ka wā pinepine e hoʻonani i ka ficus a i ʻole ka lāʻau palma, akā a laila ʻike lākou i kahi lā Kalikimaka - he mea liʻiliʻi o ko lākou ʻāina, ka nani o kā mākou ulu lāʻau.
He ʻano kūikawā ko ka nahele no ka ʻai ʻana. ʻOiai lākou kaʻana like i ka leʻaleʻa o ka Makahiki Hou me ka poʻe āpau, he aloha kanaka lākou no kā lākou mea kanu i hōʻoki ʻia i ka wana mua. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua luku ʻia kahi lāʻau spruce ikaika, kahi e lilo ai i kumulāʻau Hou Hou kahi āpau, a me kahi lāʻau pāʻauʻau pākeke ke waiwai waiwai nui. Hele ke kāʻei i nā ʻanuʻu i nā makana maikaʻi loa, nā siliki kūlohelohe, ka hulu hipa, ka ʻili, nā alcohols, ka glycerin a me nā mea plastics. Hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia hoʻokahi mika kubita o ka lāʻau pihi i ʻeono mau koena, a i ʻole 4000 mau pona o nā kūmaha viscose, aiʻole i loko o nā mea hiamoe.
Blue Hoʻohui, Kaʻaole (Hoʻohui Blue)Hoʻomaʻa pinepine ʻia ka hānai i kahi lāʻau mele. ʻO kāna lāʻau keʻokeʻo, ʻoluʻolu ikiʻī i mea nui i ka hana ʻana i nā mea kani. ʻO ia ke kumu hopohopo i nā mea kanu no ka hoʻokau ʻana o ka Makahiki Hou a ke ʻimi nei lākou i ke kākoʻo mai kahi wahine mana mai ka chemistry. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, loaʻa iā ia ka ikaika e "ulu" i nā lāʻau lāʻau ʻona a ʻaʻole nani i ka maikaʻi maoli, a paʻa pū kekahi: hiki i nā lāʻau kūlohelohe ke hana i mea hoʻonaninani no nā makahiki he nui. Akā ʻaʻole hilinaʻi wale nā mea aloha i nā loea. ʻO kēlā me kēia makahiki, ma nā māla kūikawā, ulu lākou i ka leʻaleʻa o nā poʻe he nui a nani hoʻi, nani i ka nani o ka makahiki hou me ka ʻole o ka hōʻino o ka nahele.
Eia nō naʻe, me ka hana nui loa, ulu nui nā ulu lāʻau i nā kūpuna, no nā kenekulia. Ma laila lākou e hana me ka hana ʻole ʻole. No laila, mai kēlā makahiki i kēia makahiki, ʻike hou ʻia nā kumulāʻau hou i kahi ākea ākea mai ka Kola Penina a i nā Southern Urals a me nā Carpathians. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ka pua kuʻuna, a i ʻole ka ʻulepule ʻEulopa, e ulu maoli ana i loko o kēia mau wahi ākea, e kū nei ma waena o lākou. I kēia manawa ua ulu mau ʻia ma nā wahi ulu o Ukraine, no ka laʻana, ma Askania-Nova, a ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o Crimea, a ma Central Asia.
ʻO nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka puaʻa, a ʻo ka poʻe o 45 ia o lākou, i hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻia ma ka ʻāina o nā konohiki ʻekolu: ma ʻEulopa, ʻAsia a me ʻAmelika ʻAmelika. I waena o lākou ʻo ka Finuce a me Siberian spruce, Korea a me Tien Shan, Iapana a me India, Kanada a me Serbiano, ʻeleʻele a me ʻulaʻula.
East spruce (East spruce)Ma aneane kēlā me kēia ʻano ʻano loiloi, i koho ʻia i nā makahiki o ko lākou ʻano kanu. ʻO ka mea nāna i ʻike ke poina, ʻaʻole e poina i nā kumulāʻau nani me ka lei uaka a koloka paha, me nā aniani polū, kala, a me nā mea gula paha, me nā lālā e puʻe ana ma ka ʻaoʻao a i ʻole nā ʻōniʻoniʻo like ʻole. Akā e ʻike i ko mākou nani nani a like ʻole.
Ua nānā maopopo ʻole paha ʻoe i ke ola o ka nahele ulu? ʻO kā mākou maʻamau, a i ʻole ʻEulopa, ulu i ka ulu i ka ulu lāʻau, i kekahi manawa ma ke kaila o ka birch, aspen, pine, a ma nā wahi i kūkulu hema - me ka oak a linden. Akā ʻoi aku ka pinepine ma mua o ka mea, ke hoʻomau nei ka ʻano, e like me ka ʻōlelo ʻana a ke ʻano o ke ʻano o ke ʻano ʻoihana ʻoi, hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia, me ke ʻano ʻole o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. ʻO nā mea hoihoi kūpono loa ka nui o nā pua lāʻau pihi-pua me kahi kāwele pāwele nui o nā lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo. I kēlā me kēia wā, noho aliʻi ka mālie a me ka hilahila ʻole. "Makele ka pouli maanei, he nui ka mea pohihihi, ʻaʻole ka lā i lawe mai i nā hihi ma ʻaneʻi," i kākau ai ʻo Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov e pili ana i kēia mau lāʻau ulu pehu. Ke hele nei ʻoe ma kēlā me kēia ululaʻu, e neʻe i ke kaila o nā mosses ikaika, a puni, e like me ke aupuni mōʻī nui, nā lālā nui o nā kumulāʻau puaʻa i kālai ʻia me nā palaka kūlohelohe o nā lichens hina. Ma aneʻi, ʻuʻuku ʻia ka ululaʻi ikaika o nā lāʻau ahi, e hoʻopuehu ʻia e ka ʻino a me ka manawa. ʻO nā umbrellas nui mau aʻa e hoʻopili ʻia e ka mana ikaika mai ka honua, moss a me nā lichens i uhi a me nā mea i hiolo nui ʻia.
Ma ka ulu lāʻau ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa iā ʻoe ka mea i kanu ʻia mai nā mea kanu lāʻau, a i loko o nā kalapu liʻiliʻi (nā pukaaniani) - squat blueberry bushes, nui i hoʻopā ʻia me nā hua blises, nā mokupuni liʻiliʻi o ka waikawa a i ʻole e hoʻoilo mau i ka hoʻoilo. ʻO ka puni ʻana o nā ʻāpana kiʻekiʻe o nā ʻanuʻu me nā lau manawaleʻa. I ka hapalua ʻelua o ke kauwela, e ʻoi aku nā pōpoki i kahi kūmole o ke kālele laumaʻomaʻo e hui i kēia mau mea noho o ka nahele spruce: nā pulu manuʻula, nā ʻāpana ʻulaʻula, nā umauma keʻokeʻo.
PāʻEulopa ʻEulopa, a i ʻole ʻEulopaMa lalo o ke kaʻi o nā lāʻau ahi huna, ʻike ʻia wale nā mau pua dwarf umauma: ʻoi aku ka nui o ko lākou mau wahi lāʻau ma mua o kahi peni, a ʻo nā lālā i ʻano liʻiliʻi, pālahalaha, e pili ana i ka nui o kahi umbrella maʻamau, lei aliʻi. Ua kupaianaha ka hopena o kēia mau lāʻau liʻiliʻi. No nā makahiki he kau i ulu ai lākou i ka lepa o nā congeners ikaika, e hōʻea ana i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe wale nō hoʻokahi mau makahiki no nā makahiki he nui. A ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou e make ana mai kahi hemahema o ka māmā ma hope o ka hapalua mau kenekulia, a i ʻole he ola paha nā makahiki. Akā ke kūpono e ʻokiʻoki i nā kumulāʻau puna nui, hoʻomālamalama, i ka pau ʻana o nā ulu lāʻau, hua liʻiliʻi i ka ulu ʻana, e like me ka wā o ka wā kahiko. Me he mea lā ka wikiwiki a hoʻolilo no ka mea i nalowale i loko o ke kau o nā makahiki ʻauhau, ulu nui lākou, e ulu koke ana i nā nui o ka maʻamau o ka maʻamau. ʻO kahi haneli wale nō, ma hope o nā makahiki he nānā ʻana i ka paukū ʻaoʻao o ka pihi sprout kahiko i hiki ke heluhelu i ka moʻolelo maʻamau o kona wā kamaliʻi a me kona wā ʻōpio. No nā poʻe ʻaʻole loea, he lōkahi pākeke ke ulu mai kahi lāʻau dwarf he paʻakikī i hoʻokaʻawale i nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka maʻa, e like me kou ʻike, ua manaʻo ʻia he ʻano evergreen. ʻAʻole pēlā kēia. ʻAʻole mau loa nā pīpī pūpū. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, i ka lawelawe ʻana i kā lākou lawelawe, hāʻule i ka wā 7-7 mau makahiki. I kēlā me kēia ʻūpī, hāʻule ka spruce i ka hiku o ka hiku o ka pono, aneane hiki pinepine ʻole, e hoʻololi hou i kāna lole lole evergreen. He mea paʻakikī ke nānā ʻole i kēia kaʻina hana. Akā he maʻalahi nā mea e pono ai nā ʻōpiopio. He mea maikaʻi loa ia e kiaʻi i loko o ka lua o ka hana o Mei. I kēia manawa, kū pono i ke kaona o nā ʻeleʻele uliuli ʻeleʻele mai nā ʻāpana kūleʻa o nā ʻōpala, nā kūoole ʻona melemele, i ʻaʻahu piha ʻia me nā ʻōpio emerald koʻikoʻi. Kūlike nā wīwī ikaika mai nā lālā apical. I loko oʻelua mau pule, ua hiki iā lākou ke hoʻokele pinepine i ka hapalua mika. Eia naʻe, ma waena o ke kauwela, ulu pinepine ka ulu a waiho ʻia nā pua hou i nā kihi o nā ʻōpala, i ala wale i ka pūnāwai o ka makahiki e hiki mai ana.
ʻAʻole e lulu ʻuʻulu wale i kēlā me kēia makahiki i kahi ʻāpana o ka lāʻau i ʻike ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻaukā o ka ʻāpana, akā he ʻano nū hou nō hoʻi o nā lālā puaʻa, e laha ʻihi a kū i ke kuahiwi. Mai kēia mau whorls, hiki iā ʻoe ke helu i ka makahiki o ka puna i ka wā o ke ola. ʻO ka helu wale nō o nā makahiki i wehewehe ʻia ma kēia ala e pono ai e hoʻohui ʻia i nā makahiki 3-4 hou. Aia i kēia manawa ke hoʻokumu i ka pua nani i nā mākela mua o nā lālā whorl.
ʻEleʻele ʻāpanaʻO ka sawn a i ʻole ka lāʻau puaʻa ʻōpala, ʻaʻole wale ia i pololei ka meta, e like me ia i hiki ai iā ʻoe ke hoʻoponopono pono i kona makahiki. ʻO kona mau aniani makahiki, ʻike maopopo ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao kea, hiki ke haʻi nui. Ke nānā aku nei a hoʻopaʻa aku nei iā lākou, ʻaʻole lākou ʻike e pili ana i ka lōʻihi, akā pili nō hoʻi i ke ʻano o ke ola holoʻokoʻa o ka lāʻau. Oe ke ʻike, ma ka laʻana, i ka nui a i ka ulia paha o ka ulu lāʻau, ola kahi lāʻau i kona ola lōʻihi, i nā kūlana climatic i ulu ai, pehea me ka maikaʻi o ka lā e hoʻomoʻi ai iā ia, he aha ka mea nui a me ke ahi i ʻike ai a nui loa aku.
He mea kupaianaha nō e nānā i ka hoʻonele ʻana o ka wahi ʻoki kōpoki - ʻo ka pūnaewele o ka ulu lāʻau ʻokiʻoki. Ma hope koke o ka hōʻoki ʻana, ua pihi i nā mea kanu ulu nui. ʻO nā kūleʻa nui o ka ʻoihana lōʻihi i mau ʻoihana me nā lilac panicle o nā pua a me nā kaola ʻulaʻula. Ma hope o nā nāhelehele a me nā kumulāʻau - aspen, Birch, pine - me ka wikiwiki ke holo ʻana i kahi nui. ʻO ka pīpī, he mea ia, ʻaʻole ia e komo i ka hoʻokūkū kūwaho. ʻOiai ua manaʻo ʻia he ʻano maʻalahi i hiki ke maʻalahi i ka maloʻo maloʻo, ʻo kāna mau hua, e like me nā ʻōpio ʻōpio, ua weliweli maikaʻi ʻia i ka wā o ka wā wai. No laila, līwī pinepine ka līpihi ma kahi wahi no ka wehe ʻana i ka manawa like me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka hapa pinepine, ma hope o ka ulu ʻana o nā hoalauna e ulu a lilo i ka palekana pono e kū pono i nā pūnāwai, e hoʻomaka hoʻi ka lulu i ka lūlū akā e loaʻa koke ka manawa a i ka wā e hiki mai ana, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, e kau nui ʻia ana kona mau kiaʻi. Ua hala i ka manawa, ua nalo a nui aʻe, a laila ola hou nā pua a pau.
ʻO ka lanakila o ka puna i ka hakakā ʻana me ka hakakā a ʻoi loa ka hopena. Akā ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke noho ma lalo o ka pani o nā lāʻau paionia (aspen, birch) a haki paha i kā lākou palala i ka lā.
Pahu polu a polu, Prickly puaUa ʻike paha ʻoe i ka pihi pua ulu ʻana? Ma kahi ululāʻau uluʻu, ʻike ʻia ia ma nā lāʻau 30 wale nō a 40 paha mau makahiki he 40. I ka paka, ua pua pinepine nā lāʻau i nā makahiki 12-15. ʻO ka maʻamau, ma ka hopena o Mei aiʻole i mua o ka mua, he nui nā lālā lālā o ka lei spruce e hui nui ʻia me nā ʻōpala raspberry hoʻonaninani. ʻO kēia mau pua kāne. I ka pono o ua mau lāʻau lā, e hui like nā pua wahine i ke ʻano ʻulaʻula ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ʻō i loko. ʻO nā ʻāpana o ka polikohila gula e hoʻoiho ʻia e nā ʻoluʻolu mahana o ka makani puna, e holo koke iā lākou. Ma ka ulu ʻana o nā pua pua, he ʻano aniani lākou, kokoke i ka uhi o ka hae pollen i ka nahele ulu. ʻO nā pua a nā kāne, ua nalowale i ka hae, nalowale koke i ka hoihoi, a me ka nui o nā konane wahine a nui loa, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka brown. No laila ua pā lākou, ʻūhū lākou ma nā piko o nā lāʻau i ke kauwela a pau, ka hoʻoilo a me ka hoʻoilo. ʻO ka hoʻomaka wale nō o ka puna wai e hoʻomaka ai, i ka waena o ʻApelila, hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻoheheʻe i ka hua kanu mua. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo nā loea ua lulu pinepine kahi ulu lāʻau a hiki i 20 kilokela o nā hua he hepa, ʻo ia ka hua helu a hiki i ka 5 miliona mau hua, he awelika o 200 mau pākahi o nā cone.
Hāʻawi ʻia kēlā me kēia hua lōkiʻu me kahi ʻēheu lele liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. Hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka lewa a i ʻole ka makani, ʻano ka hua, e like me ka glider, e hoʻomehana i kahi manawa lōʻihi i ka lewa, e hoʻohaʻahaʻa maikaʻi ana i ka hau ma ka punawai a i ʻole ka popo i ka hau. Hopu ʻia e ka hau, ua maʻalahi a wikiwikiʻo ia i nā ʻāpana he mau kilomita i ka ʻū. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole i hoʻonohonoho ka lāʻau i kēia mau "pāʻani Olena Huki" i kēlā me kēia makahiki, akā, e like me ka mea maʻamau ma ke ʻano haʻuki, maʻa ma hope o 4-5 mau makahiki. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, ua ʻai lākou i ka pua a me ka hua i nā waena, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻehā a i ʻelima mau makahiki ka lōʻihi. Ma kahi o ka mea nui o ka mea kūʻai i nā hua kanu - ka hau, ka lāʻau a me nā poʻe ulu lāʻau e kōkua ikaika i ka lāʻau: squirrels, chipmunks and special crossbones-spruce tree. ʻAno lākou a pau e hoʻolaʻa iā lākou iho me nā hua lōlani, e pālahalaha pinepine iā lākou mai nā kumu makuahine.
Hoʻokahi ala a i ʻole kekahi, ʻo ka hua e pālahalaha ana, hāʻule i nā kūlana maikaʻi, kupu pū kekahi. Hoʻohana maikaʻi ka nahele i nā hua kanu no ka ulu ʻana i nā hua kanu herringbone i nā mea kanu, mai kahi a lākou e hoʻohuli ai i ka hōʻoki i nā wahi. Hana ʻia e ka lima kanaka mālama, hoʻoulu i ka ulu ʻōpio i hope a noho i kahi ma nā ululaau hou i kūkulu ʻia a i ʻole nā paka i kūkulu ʻia, a ua kūkulu ʻia e ka pā paʻa o ka palekana e pili ana i nā wahi kaʻa a me nā alanui.
PāʻEulopa ʻEulopa, a i ʻole ʻEulopaManaʻo nā kānaka ʻepekema ʻo 250 mau makahiki ka lōʻihi o ka puna o ka puna e ola ana a ola, a ʻo nā lāʻau nui loa e ola a hiki i 500 mau makahiki. I nā ulana nui o ko mākou ʻĀina, ua mālama nā kūlohelohe i nā kumulāʻau nui he nui, ʻo ka makahiki o 300-400 mau makahiki he iwakālua. ʻO kēia ʻano nui o nā kumulāʻau ulu, a hiki i ka manawa i ulu pinepine ʻia ma ka Moku o Pokukala, e kokoke ana iā Zvenigorod, a loaʻa wale me ka ikaika kupaianaha ka puʻu nui.
Nui nā mea mahalo o Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin mau talena i nānā me ka hoihoi i ka lāʻau nui a-kahiko moe nui, kahi hale pihi, kahi i kanu ʻia ai kona kupuna kāne ʻo Osip Abramovich Hannibal i kā Mikhailovsky Park. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia ua makemake nui loa ka poen i ka hoʻolimalima manawa me kēia spruce mua.
Ke ulu nui mai kahi pua nui i Czechoslovakia kokoke i ke kūlanakauhale o Banska Bistrica. Ua hoʻoholo ʻo nā mea aloha ʻo Czechoslovak e 430 mau makahiki ka lāʻau. ʻO ka mana nui o ka pua o ka patriarch, i kapa ʻia e kona poʻe kamaʻāina, ua lohe ʻia i ke ʻaoʻao, e ana ana he 6 mika ʻehā, a ʻo ka nui o ka leo nui me nā puhaka emerald ma kahi ʻē me ka hale o kahi hale kiʻekiʻe 30-pā hale.
Hoʻopau ʻo Tien ShanʻO nā poʻomanaʻo o ka ʻohana spruce i ʻulaʻula uliuli (kapa ʻia ka poʻe huaʻala iā lākou). E like me nā keneta evergreen e kū ana lākou ma ka Pepa Paʻa ma kahi kokoke i ka Mausoleum o V.I. Lenin a ma ka paia o ka pā Kremlin hoʻomanaʻo.
Nā pilina i nā huahana:
- S. I. Ivchenko - Buke e pili ana i nā kumulāʻau
