Artichoke - Loaʻa ʻohana

Hōʻike liʻiliʻi ʻia kēia meaʻai meaʻai kihapai i ka māla hale o nā home. Akā mai kāna ʻāina home - Southern Europe - ua lawe ʻia kahi kiʻi artichoke i Lūkia e like me ka ʻōlelo a Peter I.

Kahiko (Cȳnara) - he pua o nā mea kanu o ka ʻohana Astrovian (Asteraceae) Ke ulu nui nei i ka nahele ma Europa Hema a me North Africa. Ua hoʻolauna ʻia i loko o ka moʻomeheu o ka mokuna o Mediterranean ma mua o kā mākou manawa. Ke ulu nei kēia manawa ma nā ʻāina he nui o ʻAmelika Hema a me ʻEulopa, ʻoi loa i Farani a me Italia.

ʻO ka Artichoke kahi mea kanu makahiki. Loaʻa i nā lau lōʻihi a me nā lau ākea pinnately dissected. ʻO nā lau ʻeleʻele ʻōmaʻomaʻo-hina hoʻi paha e hele mau mai me nā kakalaioa. ʻO nā kumu o nā artichoke, ua palupalu nā kumu, a pau i ke kahaha o ka spherical, flat-round, oval a i ʻole conical. ʻO nā inflorescences he nui o nā tubule melemele a me nā pua pua.

ʻAi ʻia ka ʻiʻo o nā inflorescences unopened i ʻai ʻia e artichoke. (ʻenehana) a me ka laulu paʻa o nā unahi o nā lālani lalo o ka pale. Hoʻomau ʻia nā kākala mai nā mea kilokilo a me nā kēpana, a hoʻolapalapa ʻia me nā ʻūke. ʻO ka mahele haʻahaʻa o ka pulupua artichoke he huahana momona nui.

ʻO nā waiwai e hoʻohana ai i ka artichoke

Ua ʻike nā noiʻi ua loaʻa ka inflichcences artichoke i ka protein, kāloli, carotene, inulin (he mea pono no ka starch a me ke kō no ka maʻi maʻi), ka nui o nā huaora - thiamine, riboflavin, ascorbic acid.

I kēia mau makahiki i hala iho nei, ua loaʻa i nā ʻāina he nui o nā ʻano lāʻau like mai nā lau artichoke. ʻO kā lākou hopena diuretic, choleretic a me hypocholesterolemic hopena. Ma muli o ka heleʻana o cynarin, e pono ka mea kanu no ka poʻe kahiko a me nā poʻe maʻi me ka atherosclerosis (i ka wā e ʻai ai, aia ka hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi ʻana a me ka hoʻēmi ʻana i ka cholesterol).

Hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana no Artichoke e mālama i ka maʻi maʻamau (maʻa mau i nā keiki), ka maʻi gallstone, hepatitis, endarteritis, a me ka atherosclerosis. Aia kahi hōʻike o ka hoʻohana pono ʻana i kāna mau lāʻau no ka mālama ʻana i nā mālamalama (urticaria, maʻi serum, etc.), he mau ʻano o ka psoriasis a me ka eczema. Hōʻike ʻia ka artichoke ma mua o ka manawa mua a me ka postoperative no nā poʻe maʻi i hana i ka hōʻeha ʻana i ka puʻuwai a me nā pūpū.

Hoʻomaka ʻo Artichoke i ke kanu ʻia ma mua o 5 tausani mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ma ke ʻano he mea kanu meaʻai a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Ua ʻānai ʻia nā Helene kahiko a me nā Roma ma mua o nā lāʻau āpau ʻē aʻe. I manaʻo ʻia kaʻai ʻana o ka artichoke i ka meaʻai i ka ʻoluʻolu o ka aʻalolo, hōʻeuʻeu i ka hanu ʻoluʻolu, a me ka wai o ka wai i ʻū ʻia mai ka mea kanu ma mua o ka pua e hoʻoikaika ai i ka lauoho lahilahi.

Ke ulu a hoʻonui i ka artichoke

ʻO ka mea Artichoke kahi lāʻau thermophilic, me nā mauʻu wale nō kaʻai. No laila, ma muli o ka moʻomeheu perennial, hiki ke ulu wale i ia ma nā wahi hema o ka ʻāina. Akā ma laila no ka hoʻoilo ua uhi ʻia ia me ka humus a i ʻole ka lau (me kahi papa o 1-2 cm), e ʻoki aku i nā ʻoki.

Ma waena o Lūkia, ua ulu ka artichoke ma ke ʻano he hoʻokahi makahiki a ʻoi ka liʻiliʻi ma ke ʻano he ʻelua makahiki maʻa (i ka wā hope, uhi lākou iā ia me nā ngika hoʻoilo, manure, peat a me humus me kahi papa o ka liʻiliʻi o 3 cm, a laila hoʻoilo).

Ma lalo o ka artichoke, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka haʻalele i nā hua momona, hana pono i ka lau me ke aniani hohonu (25-35 cm) lepo loamy lepo me kahi papala subsoil subme. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ʻaʻole i ʻae ka artichoke i ka nui o ka nāu - mae ke aʻa. Makemake ʻo ia i kahi māla mahana i hoʻomālamalama ʻia mai ka makani, me kahi pā o ka ʻāina hema.

Ma mua o ke kanu ʻana i ka pua kanu, mai 8 a 10 kg / m ua hoʻopili ʻia i ka lepo² o ka manure, a laila hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka pūnaewele i kahi hohonu o ka liʻiliʻi o 25 cm. Ua hoʻolauna ʻia lākou ma kahi o 1 m² 80-100 g o ka urea, 70-80 g o ka superphosphate a me 50-60 g o ka paʻakai klorida.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka Artichoke ma ka lulu ʻana i nā hua kanu ma ka lepo (ma ka hema), ma nā hua kanu a me nā mea kanu ma nā wahi o ke kūkulu ʻākau.

Me ke ʻano seedling pono, i ka hopena o Pepeluali - i ka hoʻomaka o Malaki e kāʻili i nā hua i loko o ka ʻoka lepo, ʻōpena (waiho i waena o nā papalua ʻelua) i ke ʻano o + 20 ... + 25 ° С. I ka manawa naklyuyutsya mau huaʻala (ma mua o he hebedoma) a hoʻomaka ka ulu ʻana, e hoʻoneʻe iā lākou no 25-30 mau lā ma kahi glacier (aiʻa) a mālama i laila i kahi mahana mai 0 a + 2 °. Me ka ʻike o nā hua liʻiliʻi (1-1.5 cm), ua kanu ʻia nā hua i loko o kahi pahu i piha i ka peat a i ʻole kahi hui ʻana o nā ʻāpana like o humus, sod land and sand.

I nā wela ma luna o + 20 ° i 10-12 mau lā e puka mai ai ka lau maoli mua. Ma hope o kēlā, ua hōʻemi ʻia ka mahana i + 12 ... + 14 °, no ka holo ʻole nui o nā mea puna. Kūpī ʻia nā hua kanu i loko o ke kōkulu a kōkulu paha me ka diameter o 6 maʻa o 6 cm.

I ka waena o Mei, ua kanu nā mea kanu i ka lepo me ka mamao o 70X70 cm. Me ka mālama maikaʻi - loosening, weeding, hoʻōla - hiki i nā mea kanu ke hiki i 1,5 - 2 m ke kiʻekiʻe i ka makahiki mua.

Me ka hana ʻōpiopio eli ʻia nā mea ikaika i ka hāʻule, waiho ʻia i loko o kahi pahu, ʻīwīwī ʻia me ka ʻōpala maloʻo a i nā humus paha a hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o kahi hale lole. I ka hopena o ʻApelila - ʻo ka hapa mua o Mei, ua ʻokiʻoki pono nā wana i hōʻike ʻia me kahi ʻāpana o ka rhizome a kanu ʻia i loko o nā ipu nui no ka huki ʻana i nā kūlana o ka lumi. Ma hope o nā lā 20-25, kanu ʻia nā mea kanu ma kahi paʻa.

Me ke ala seedling, ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā hua ma Kepakemapa. A hana lākou lākou a hiki i ka pua aʻe o ka artichoke. Me ka hoʻomohala lāʻau, loaʻa nā hua mua i ka waena waena o Iulai.

Kai ʻai Artichoke

Aia ma mua o hoʻokahi haneli o nā ʻano lāʻau o kēia mea kanu, akā aia ma ka 40 he mau mea kanu momona.

Hoʻohui ʻia nā kiʻi kiʻi ma nā wahi like ʻole o ka make.

Nui nā mea kākau kiʻi, ʻo wai ka nui o ka moa moa a liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi paha, hiki ke ʻai maka ʻia ma ke ʻano maka a i ʻole semi-raw form.

ʻO nā kiʻi kiʻi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi Hoʻohana ʻia ʻia lākou no ka mahi a me ka ʻohi manu (me ka wai kai a i ʻole ka ʻaila ʻoliva me ka hoʻohui o nā ʻano lāʻau like ʻole).

Nā kiʻi kiʻi kiʻi nui (ka nui o kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo nui) ke ʻai wale ʻia i ke ʻano kulu, a ʻokoʻa wale kekahi (ma mua o ka kuke ʻana, ua ʻokiʻoki lākou i nā ʻōlelo kuhihewa i nā lau a wehe i nā lauoho paʻakikī i ke kihi).

ʻO ka mea i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia, nā mea ʻōpala paʻakikī me nā lau brown e hoʻohana ʻole ʻia.

Hoʻohana ka hapanui o nā ʻenehana hou i ka kuke ʻana, hiki ke mālama ʻia no hoʻokahi pule, akā hoʻomaka lākou e nalo koke i ko lākou hona ma hope o ka hōʻoki ʻana.

He ʻokoʻa ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā kiʻi artichokes - hoʻolilo ʻia ia me he ʻāpana kūʻokoʻa, a like me ka ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao, e hana i nā ʻākala a me nā piza me ia, a hoʻohui pū ʻia nō hoʻi me nā pastas, mauʻu a me nā pai. Me nā artichokes i ko nā papa ʻono a me ka berena ua kuke ʻia. Hāʻawi ʻia i nā Artichokes i ke wela a me ke anu.

ʻO ka ʻai ka mea i kāwili ʻia ka ʻiʻo nui a me nā ʻili o nā ʻili o nā paʻu o ka ʻekena palu o waho. Ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana, e hoʻolapalapa ʻia ka inflorescences i ka wai paʻakai, ma hope o ka neʻe ʻana o nā pua tubular. ʻAi i kahi artichoke me ka pata a me ka pā. Ua mākaukau ke kīʻala ma ka ʻono mai ka aila, ʻaila a me ke kāleka.

Hoʻoikaika i nā kiʻi kiʻi, ʻaʻole ʻoe e mihi!