He aha nā pilina o ka lāʻau kahiko i loko o mākou? ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo kēia mau mea kahiko, nā nā māla haʻalele, ke hīmeni ʻeha i nā hana a nā mea kākau Lūkini a me nā wahaheʻe, ma nā moʻolelo Rusia; ko mākou mau manaʻo e pili ana i ka nui o ka lāʻau kahiko i ʻike ai i kona mau makahiki a me ka nui o nā mea huna i mālama ʻia i loko o ka pale o kāna mau lāʻau nui. A i ʻole he mau manaʻo o ka nui o nā mea huna i haʻi ʻia iā ia a ua hoʻokahe nā waimaka. Ua huna ʻia nā kihi ʻoluʻolu o ka māla mai ka nānā ʻana i nā maka a hāʻawi i nā manawa hauʻoli. A eia nō hoʻi, inā ʻo ia kāu māla kahiko, hiki iā ia ke hāʻawi i nā hoʻomanaʻo o ka wā kamaliʻi a hoʻomanaʻo i nā hanana nui i kou ola. I kēia manawa ua ulu a maikaʻi ʻoe, ua makemake ʻoe e loli. Pono kahi māla i hou.
ʻAʻole nō ia i hana ʻole nā kānaka i ka māla o ko lākou wā kamaliʻi, akā loaʻa nō lākou mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana i loko o kēia ʻano kahiko, a laila ʻaʻole loa ke aloha i ke kau ʻana iā ia, ʻoiai nā mea maikaʻi loa i ka māla kahiko e mālama ʻia. Manaʻo nā mea kanu i ka ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka ulu o ka māla, i ka wā e hiki ana nā lāʻau i ka 18-20 mau makahiki a keu akui ka wā e hoʻemi nui ʻia ana ka nui o ka hua a i ke anuanu ʻana o ka maikaʻi o ka hua, a he 10 cm cm ka ulu ʻana.
Apana lāʻau © liz komohanaI mea e hoʻoponopono pono ai i nā mea heluhelu, e hāʻawi mua mākou i nā manaʻo o nā mea kanu kaulana a me nā mea hoʻolālā ma kēia pilikia.
ʻO ka ʻohi ʻana i nā kumulāʻau a me nā mea kanu lāʻau.
ʻO ka mea mua, pono ʻoe e hoʻomanaʻo e pono ka māla kahiko i ka hana hou. Pono e kiʻi ʻia Thinning i loko o kahi māla māla pākeke. ʻōnaehana: Ke hāpai nei kēia i nā mea kanu kahiko a me nā mea kanu ulu nui o nā lāʻau a me nā mea kanu lāʻau. ʻO kekahi manawa, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa, e huki ʻia kahi lāʻau ma hope o ka pōʻino nui o nā kiʻi, hares, nā pōʻino a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe. Ua hāʻule ia mahele o kahi hapa o ka lei i lalo o ke kaumaha o ka hua a me ka makani. Maanei e pono ai mākou e noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ka mea maikaʻi loa e hoʻihoʻi: inā hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia (ʻoiai he paʻakikī maʻamau ka hana ʻana), a i ʻole hoʻopau i kēia ʻāpana.
Laau ʻōpala lāʻau © John LordʻO kahi kumu kūpono i ka haki ʻana o ka make, ʻōpio, maʻi, ʻaʻole i ka lāʻau lāʻau paʻakikī hoʻi i ka hoʻoilo, ʻo ia kahi o ka nui o ka wā e hoʻoiho ʻia i loko o ka māla, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka kanu ʻana i nā mea kanu, e like me kā lākou hoʻopiʻi ʻana i ka mālamalama.
Nā lāʻau kanu.
E alakaʻi ana, ka mea mua loa, e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hoʻomālamalama o ka māla. Hoʻopuka ʻia ʻo ia, penei, penei: ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o ka pae, koho ʻia kahi hua lāʻau kūlohelohe, ua ʻoki ʻia kona lei āpau a ʻoki ʻia re-instill hou a i ʻole nā ʻano ʻāpana like ʻole. Hāʻawi kekahi o ka māla makua i kahi hua kūpono, no laila e hiki ke hoʻopili i kahi kālai ikaika o kekahi o nā ʻaoʻao o ka lei o kekahi i hoʻokahi mau lāʻau. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, neʻe ʻia nā kumulāʻau kaila mau makahiki me kahi ʻike ma ko lākou kumu a i ʻole e hoʻoneʻe ʻia i kahi lālā ʻaoʻao. I kekahi manawa ke koi ikaika ʻia i kekahi ʻaoʻao o ka lei o kahi lāʻau kiʻekiʻe, i ʻike ʻia i ka mea pōkole loa, akā ʻoi aku ka waiwai.
Penei ke ʻano: ʻike ka māla hale ʻo ke ala hoʻokahi i loko o ka māla i ka māla maikaʻi e ka lā, a hoʻoholo ia e hoʻohana ia no ke kanu ʻana i nā hua ʻai āpau, kūlohelohe ʻia ka nui o ka lepo mea kanu i kēia wahi. Hana ʻo ia i kahi ala hou ma lalo o nā lei o nā kumulāʻau lāʻau, ʻokiʻoki i nā lālā kūʻokoʻa i kahi ʻia mai a ʻaʻole hoʻi he hua maikaʻi.
Orchard © Morgaine Pono e hoʻokaʻawale i kahi ʻāpana o ka pāpale a i ʻole ka lāʻau āpau ʻaʻole i ka hopena mua a ʻaʻole i ka hopena o ka hopena o ka wā o ka hāʻule, ke kū nei nā mea kanu me nā lau ʻole, akā i ka manawa a lākou e hāʻawi ai i ka pale nui loa. Hana pinepine ia i ka wā e hāʻule ai, ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili.
Pono e hoʻomanaʻo i kahi māla kūleʻa i ka pono o nā loli maʻamau no ka ulu ʻana o nā hua ʻona. No laila, ma o 10-12 mau makahiki piula ʻōhiʻu a pau ka kanu ʻana i ka lepo, ua kanu ʻia nā mea kanu hou ma waena o ka kanu kahiko. Hoʻololi hou nā lāʻau kanu raspberry i nā mea hou aʻe, akā e hāʻawi ʻia nā wahi hou no lākou. Ma kahi Hiki ke ulu i nā raspberry ma mua o 12 mau makahiki.
ʻO ia nā ʻōlelo aʻo a ka māla kaulana i ʻike ʻia ʻo B. A. Popov.
Aia kekahi kanaka kupaianaha, he ʻepekema nei me ka ʻike nui i ka mahi ʻana i ka māla, ʻike ʻia i ka nui o nā māla ʻana, he mea noiʻi i ka ʻōpena pua ʻo All-Russian Institute for Hortikūlō a me nā mea hānai o ka Lūkini Nui o Kulanui ʻAmelika - ʻo Anatoly Mikheev, nāna e ʻae i nā ʻoihana hou o ka māla.
No laila, ʻaʻoleʻike kekahi loea i kahiʻike loea e haʻalele i nā mea pono ʻole i ka māla kahiko. Pono e nānā pono me ke ola o ka māla a hoʻopaʻa wale ia me kāna kūkulu ʻana. ʻO ka mea mua, pono ʻoe e ʻike pono i kēlā me kēia kumulāʻau. ʻO nā kumu e pono ai e hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā lāʻau: inā he mauʻu i loko o lākou, ua make ka ʻili, nā pā a me nā hōʻino maikaʻi, nāwaliwali o nā makahiki ma mua (ʻaʻole keu 10 cm). He mea maʻalahi ia e hōʻoki i kahi lāʻau hoʻokahi i ka pae o 40-50 cm mai ka lepo. Inā e hoʻopuni ʻia e nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe, a laila e ʻohi mua ʻoe i nā lālā ʻōpala (e hoʻomaka ana mai lalo, a a laila ke waiho ʻana o ke ʻōpala, akā ʻaʻole ma ka papa o ka honua, akā ke kiʻekiʻe o kahi o 1.5 m: no laila e maʻalahi ana ka lūlū i ka wā o ka haki ʻana.
Apple Orchard © liz komohanaHōʻike ʻia e hoʻohana i kahi ʻano maʻalahi o ka huki ʻana i nā lāʻau me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ammonium nitrate: ʻoki ʻia ka lāʻau i ka haʻahaʻa ma ka liʻiliʻi, hoʻomāloi i kahi lua ma ka pūpū (ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻomoʻa i kekahi mau lua me kahi mīmō), ninini i ʻelua mauʻu o ka ammonium nitrate i loko, uhi iā ia me ka ʻeke pepa a hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka manamana. I hoʻokahi mahina, e hoʻoponopono ka paʻakai i ka lāʻau a hoʻohuli i ka lepo. Ma kahi ala, inā ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia e nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe, hiki iā ʻoe ke kanu i kahi lāʻau hou. I ka manawa like, he mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo i ka kanu a me ka pilikino-ʻano pono o nā ʻano ʻano (ʻo kēia mau ʻano i hiki ke kau i nā hua me ka ʻole o ka ʻike i nā ʻano koho polling kokoke).
- ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke kanu i kahi kumulāʻau ma hope o kahi lāʻauʻaleka, mākia ma hope o ka hua pā, a pākala ma hope o ka plum;
- ma kahi o ka lāʻau paona i huki ʻia, cherry, plum, ulu nā pulu - a like pū me nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻopua i nā wā kahiko.
Inā kanu nā hua lāʻau a me nā hua pī ma 20-25 mau makahiki maikaʻi, hiki ke ulu a ulu i nā hua i nā manawa lōʻihi, ʻoiai nā hua e lilo i liʻiliʻi ma mua o ka manawa. Koi ʻia kēlā mau lāʻau anti-kahiko kahiko. ^ E Ha yM. I ka makahiki mua, pono e kau ʻia ka lei aliʻi i ka ʻokiʻoki koʻikoʻi - lawe i nā lālā makahiki. Hāʻawi kēia i kahi kūpono i ka alapō ʻana i nā moena hiamoe ma ka ʻōpala a me ke kumu o nā lālā ʻōpala. Mai lākou e ulu ulu i nā wā kuʻuna lōʻihi, nā mea i kapa ʻia ʻo nā poʻo. I ka makahiki e hiki mai ana, e ʻokiʻoki i ka lei, ua ʻokiʻoki ʻia ke kaila, a ʻo ke koena ʻo ka mea i hōʻilo ʻia, e waiho ana ʻelua a ʻekolu mau pūnana. Kālīlī i ke kani e hōʻoia i ka waiho ʻole ʻana o nā ʻōpala i ka wā o ka ʻoki ʻana, a ʻo ka mea ʻike ʻoʻī ʻia ʻo ia iho a me ka ʻole o ka haki ʻana i ka ʻili. Mai nā mea ulu a ulu i lei lei. I nā makahiki ʻelua a ʻekolu paha hiki ke hōʻiliʻili i nā hua nui.
Old Orchard © Mark ShirleyI ka māla kahiko, hiki iā ʻoe ke ulu i nā ʻano hoʻohiki me ka hoʻopili hou ʻana i ka mahele o nā lālā ʻāwili ma ka lāʻau kahiko. He kūpono hoʻi nā poʻo i kēia. ʻOiaʻiʻo, pono hana ʻia nā hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i kēia mau ʻanoʻano hou i hana i kahi mahele nui o ka hua. Loaʻa nā pōmaikaʻi o ka hoʻopili ʻana: ma muli o ke kaomi piha ʻana o kekahi mau ʻano, ua hoʻopili ʻia nā hua a hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ko lākou maikaʻi.
Inā ulu i loko o kou māla kahiko irga, chokeberry (chokeberry), hihiu hawthorn a mauna lehu, mai hōʻole ʻoe iā lākou. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kanu i nā hua pā ma kēia mau mea kanu (Veles, Chizhovskaya, Thumbelina, Vidnaya). ʻAʻole lākou e like i ka lōʻihi e like me ka poʻe i hoʻopili ʻia i ka lei hihiu - e ola ana lākou he 15 mau makahiki, akā i ka makahiki ʻekolu e hāʻawi lākou i ka hōʻiliʻili maikaʻi.
Ma ka hihia o ka ʻāina wale nō lāʻau ʻehā a i ʻole plum lāʻau ua ʻōlelo ʻia e koho i kahi ʻano pilikino ponoʻī nāna e koi ʻole i ka lāohi ʻia (cherries - 'Molodezhnaya', 'Bulatnikovskaya', 'Rastorguevskaya', 'Pamyat Enikeeva', 'Rusink'; plums - 'Morning', 'Egg blue', 'Blue Gift', ' Alexy '). A i ʻole o ka lei o ka ʻano hana pilikino "i ʻōlelo ʻia 'Skoroplodny', e kanu ʻoe i kahi ʻano pollinator - no ka laʻana, 'Red Ball' a i ʻole nā mea ʻano laupa cherry ('Kuban Comet', 'Traveller', 'Cleopatra'," Golden Fleece "i kāhea ʻia no ka Lākia o Moscow. )
Pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ʻo All infertile all cherries, a no kahi lāʻau hoʻokahi e hoʻohua ai, pono ia e kanu i ʻelua a ʻekolu aʻe paha. Ma ka manawa like, e nani a nani ka lāʻau inā no ka hui pū ʻana e hiki ke koho i nā ʻano hua like me nā waihoʻoluʻu like ʻole, no ka laʻana, ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula ('Fatezh'), ʻulaʻula ('Bryanskaya pink') a i ʻole he melemele ('Chermashnaya'). E hoʻomaopopo he hiki ke kūʻai aku i nā ʻokiʻoki a i ʻole nā mea kanu o nā ʻano ma luna me ka ʻole o nā pilikia i nā lāʻau lapaʻau a i ʻole nā hale kūʻai.
Aʻo Orchard © Laura NoltePono nā lāʻau ʻuʻala i loko o ka māla kahiko e hoʻomaikaʻi hou i ka hana. Hana maikaʻi ʻia kēia hana i ka hāʻule. ʻO ka laʻana currant a huakai hiki ke ulu a hua i nā hua ma kahi hoʻokahi no 10-12 mau makahiki. Me ka nui o ka makahiki, e nāwī ai ka ulu ʻana o nā makahiki, e hoʻohua a me ka maikaʻi o nā hua. Hōʻike ʻia ʻia nā lāʻau ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi ma mua o 12-15 mau makahiki a huki. I nā wahi pani, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e kanu i nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe - nā hua pua, nā mea kanu, nā mea kanu lāʻau.
Akā hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i kekahi ala ʻē aʻe: e hoʻoneʻe i ka ʻāpana āpau āpau o nā kumulāʻau, a hana i kahi lei lei hou mai nā lālā e ulu ana, e hōʻoki ana i ka nui o 1-2 mau makahiki e 4-8 mau pua. A i ʻole: e ʻoki i ka waihona o nā lālā kahiko o 5-7 mau makahiki, e hoʻokaʻawale i nā lālā makahiki 3-4 i ka lālā ʻaoʻao a ʻokiʻoki i nā kumulāʻau, e wehe ana i nā nāwaliwali a palupalu. Ma hope o ka kanu ʻana i ka anti-kahiko, hānai nā currants a me nā gooseberries i kahi makahiki 5-6 hou.
Makemake mākou iā ʻoe i ka hoʻomaikaʻi hou ʻana o kou māla kahiko!
