Nā pathogens - nā maʻi Pseudornonas, Erwinia. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO nā maʻi kanu maʻi mea maʻi i nā maʻi ma muli o nā huakini. Hoʻopilikia lākou i nā mea nui o nā mea kanu. Hiki i nā liona nā mea maʻamau, e hōʻeha ʻia i ka make ʻana o ka mea kanu āpau a i ʻole nā ʻāpana ʻokoʻa e kū mai ai i nā aʻa (aʻa aʻa), i nā ʻōnaehana vascular (maʻi vascular); kūloko, palena ʻia i ka maʻi o kekahi mau ʻāpana a i ʻole nā kino o ka mea kanu, me ka hōʻike pū ʻana i nā kiko parenchymal (maʻi parenchymal - pala, spotting, burn); e hui pū ʻia. Noho ʻia kahi wahi kūikawā e nā bacterioses i pili me ke ʻano o nā neoplasms (tumors).
© Rasbak
ʻO nā kumu kumu kumu o ka maʻi bacteriosis ka mea maʻamau loa-spore bacteria mai ka ʻohana Mycobacteriaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Bacteriaceae. I waena o lākou, aia nā piliseka polyphagous e hoʻopōʻino i nā ʻano lāʻau like ʻole, a me nā mea kūikawā e hoʻopili kokoke i nā mea kanu like ʻole o nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā ʻanoʻano.
Hoʻokomo i nā mea kanu multinucleating i kēia mau maʻi maʻamau maʻamau: waʻu maloʻo a me ke kano aʻa o nā ʻano hua lāʻau, hua waina.
ʻO nā maʻi pīhoihoi kūikawā e hoʻomake i ka nānā ʻana i nā pīni, nā pīpīpī o nā kukama, ka nānā ʻana i ka maʻi ʻeleʻele a me ke kanesa o ka maʻi o ka kamato, vascular bacteriosis o kāpeti, grani rowan, black and basal bacteriosis o ka palaoa, bacterial burn of fruit fruit, pears, mulberry, citrus fruit, ring rot and black leg of potato, cotton gummosis , kaʻiʻana i ka bacteriosis o ka millet a me ka bale a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka ulu ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka maʻi bacteriosis i luna o ka hiki ʻana o kahi hoʻomaka me ka pae a hiki i ka ʻalā o ka mea kanu, me ka mea e kū mua ana i nā mea o ke kaiāulu, e hoʻololi ai i hiki ke mālama i ka papa o ka hana infectious. ^ E Ha yM. No ka hoʻohālikelike, hoʻoulu ʻia e ka baki bakela ma nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma mua o ka wai ʻana o ka wai waihehe a me kahi mahana o ke ea 19-24 ° C. Ma ka laweʻana i nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ka hāpai ʻana i ka mahana i loko o lākou, hiki ke hoʻopau i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka maʻi. Hoʻopuka ka Bacteria i nā mea kanu ma o nā hōʻeha a me nā kumu kūlohelohe; no ka laʻana, nā ʻōpū o nā ʻāpana like ʻole - ma o ka ivata o nā lau, ke puhi ʻana i nā kumulāʻau hua - ma nā nectaries o nā pua, nā huakaʻi cruciferous vascular - ma o nā pores wai i nā lau. Hoʻopili i ka hoʻonuiʻana i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa a me nā ea o ka ea, ke alo o ka wai wai i nā mea kanu, a me ka nele o ka phosphorus a me ka pāima, a he nui ka wai pH e kōkua i ka hoʻolālāʻana o ka maʻi bacteriosis.
© Ninjatacoshell
ʻO nā ʻano nui o ka maʻi bacteriosis o nā mea kanu kūloko
Pau ka ʻōpala
ʻO ka maʻi maʻamau ʻia o nā mea kanu loko kūwaho he maloʻo. Hōʻike ka maʻi iā ia iho i ka palupalu a me ka pala o kekahi mau wahi ma nā lau, petioles, aʻa a me nā hua o ka mea kanu. Hoʻopili ʻo Bacteria i ka pectinase enzim i loko o ka lau o ka lau, kahi e hōʻeha ai i ke aʻalolo. ʻO ka hapa pinepine, ʻo nā ʻona a me nā ʻiʻo o nā mea kanu ke pā. ʻO ka mea mua, he wahi helehelena liʻiliʻi o kahi hina, ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha e hōʻike i ka lau, nā mea e ulu nui ana. I nā loko me nā umu, e waiho maʻalahi, hoʻomaka ʻia ka pala, i hoʻohui pinepine ʻia e ka ʻala ʻono. Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūpono, i loko o kahi mahana a me ke anuanu, e hoʻolōʻihi koke ka maʻi. A ʻo ka ʻāpana i hoʻopili a i ʻole ka mea āpau e lilo i kahi ʻōpala.
Hoʻopili ka pathogen ma o ka hōʻino kino ʻana i ka mea kanu - ʻo nā kīʻaha mikroscopic a me nā mea hōʻeha hoʻi. ^ E Ha yM. Mālama ʻia ia i ka lepo me nā lepo kanu. No laila, koi ʻia ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka lepo ma mua o ke kanu ʻana, a i ka wā e kanu ai i nā aʻa, nā kōpala a me nā ʻōpala, pono nā ʻāpana o kā lākou ʻāpana me ka ulaula. Mea hana e disinfect me ka waiʻona ma hope o ke ʻoki poepoe.
ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka maʻi e hoʻonāukiuki i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā koina o ka nui o ke kō, hoʻomākeʻe ka wai i ka lepo, ka lepo, ka ʻāina hoʻopulu, hoʻomehana ʻana i ka lepo o ka lepo i loko o nā pā, no ka laʻana, i ka hoʻoilo i kahi lumi maloʻo.
ʻAoʻi hana:Hiki ke mālama i kahi mea kanu inā ʻaʻole i hoʻopiʻi ka maʻi bacteriosis i ka ʻōnaehana vascular āpau a i ʻole ia kūloko i loko o ke ʻano (no ka laʻana, hoʻomaka ka pala ʻana ma ke kihi o ka lau). Inā maeʻa nā aʻa, a laila hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomau i ke aʻa a luna (inā kolo kēia mea kanu e ʻokiʻoki. Inā pili wale ka ʻōpala i kahi wale o nā aʻa, a e ola hou ka hapa ea, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻōla i ka mea kanu, no ka mea pono ʻoe e hoʻokuʻu i ka aʻa mai ka ʻāina, e ʻoki i nā mea pala a pau, hoʻololi i ka ʻāina mākaukau piha, e ninini a me ka hoʻoulu ʻia me Bordeaux wai (a i ʻole ka mākaukau a me ke keleawe). ʻAʻole e laha ka maʻi ākea i kahi mea kanu e kū kokoke mai nei, akā pono ka holoʻokoʻa o ka hāmeʻa hana a me nā ipu.
Mea maʻi bakteria, baki kāʻai, vascular bacteriosis
Hoʻomaʻi pinepine ʻia ka maʻi ʻōpio a me nā ʻōpio.. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka nānā ʻana i nā huakini, ma muli o ke ʻano o ke ʻano pathogen, he mau hōʻailona like ʻole. ʻO ke kiʻi hiʻohiʻona nui loa i ka wā ʻo nā wahi wai liʻiliʻi e hana mua ma luna o ka lau a i ʻole ka lau, e ʻoli lōlihi. ʻO ka hapanui pinepine ka loaʻa ʻana o nā hiʻohiʻona nā ʻekele i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, a ua palena ʻia hoʻi i loko o ke kaʻe ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ka palena ʻulaʻula. Hoʻola pinepine ka baki maʻi ma luna o nā veins. Hoʻoulu nā wahi, hui pū, ʻeleʻele ka lau holoʻokoʻa. I ka hope loa, make ka lāʻau.
ʻO nā kūlana kūpono no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā maʻi he mahana o 25-30 ° C a me ka haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe. ^ E Ha yM. Make wale ka make o nā huakini i nā mahana ma luna o 56 ° C. ʻO ke kūlohelohe Xanthomonas i ka pale i hiki ke hoʻomanawanui i ka wai haʻahaʻa no ka manawa lōʻihi.
ʻO kahi koho no ka nānā ʻana i nā maʻi hāpū ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka maʻi bakela, ka mea i hoʻoulu ʻia e nā maʻi o ka huaʻōlelo Pseudomonas. I kēia hihia, ʻaʻole ka ʻike i nā wahi ma nā mea kanu, akā, he wahi nui, ʻano maikaʻi o ka ʻeleʻele, a laila e maloʻo. Me he mea lā ke puhi ʻia kēia ʻāpana o ka lau. Inā hui ʻia ka maʻi me nā kūlana kūpono, a laila e ulu wikiwiki a hiki i ka make ʻana o nā ʻāpana pākahi a me ka make o ka lāʻau āpau.. ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻomaka pinepine kahi ʻōmole bakela me nā lau ʻōpio, nā pua a me nā pua. Hoʻopuka nā bakiʻi i nā mea kanu ma o ka puʻu a i ʻole hōʻeha ʻana, e hoʻomaka e hoʻonui i ka nui o nā kikowaena o nā lau parenchyma lau. ʻO ka manawa incubation no ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka maʻi he 3-6 mau lā, e pili ana i ke ʻano wela. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā Bacteria i ka lepo a me nā hua.
ʻAoʻi hana: I loko o nā māla kanu, hoʻohana ʻia nā hana kanu a me ka mālama ʻana i nā hua kanu me ka phytolavin-300 antibiotic. I ka home, e hoʻohana kūleʻa ʻia nā mea kanu loko no ka pīpī ʻana a hoʻomoʻa i ka lepo me ka hoʻonā Trichopolum - 1 papa o Trichopolum i 2 lita o ka wai. Kēia mau mea lako-kele e like me ka hui ʻana o Bordeaux, keleawe keleawe, a me ka hoʻokele manuahi Maxim maikaʻi hoʻi he maikaʻi.
Nā kumuwaiwai o ka maʻi:
ʻO kekahi o nā mea nui nui o ka maʻi mai ka huina.. ^ E Ha yM. I ka wā e ulu a maikaʻi nā maʻi, hiki i ka maʻi ke hoʻopilikia i nā hua kanu, a laila ma o ke alakaʻi ʻana i nā moku e neʻe i loko o nā mea kanu a hoʻopō i nā mea kanu ulu i ka wā ulu. Eia kekahi, hiki i nā maʻi maʻi i mālama ʻia ke ʻano o ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka maʻi, ke kumu o nā maʻi bacterioses i nā wahi kahi i ʻike ʻole ʻia ai lākou ma mua. Hiki i nā mea uliuli ke pālahalaha i ka maʻi, kahi e mālama maikaʻi ai nā maʻi a hoʻoneʻe i nā wahi hou o ka ʻāina me nā mea kanu i kūleʻa (ʻokiʻoki, nā mea hua kanu - nā maka). ʻO kekahi ke kumu nui o ka maʻi bacteriosis ʻo ia ke koena o nā mea maʻi maʻi. ʻO ke kūpaʻa lōʻihi a me ka maikaʻi phytopathogenic nāhele i nā ʻāpana ola o nā mea kanu.
ʻAʻole maikaʻi ka lepo ma kahi kumu o nā maʻi. ^ E Ha yM. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina helu he nui nā bacteria phytopathogenic, e hāʻule ana i ka lepo, make koke lākou ma lalo o ka mana o nā microbes antagonist (me he mea lā e hoʻomaʻemaʻe pono ʻia ana ka lepo).
Hiki i ke ʻano o nā iniseti ke kumu no ka maʻi maʻamau.. ^ E Ha yM. Hōʻike ka pōpilikia nui i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka maʻi bacteriosis e nā ʻenekele me nā hapa liʻiliʻi o nā koena o nā mea maʻi i hali ʻia e ka makani a me nā ʻōpū o nā ea ma kahi lōʻihi. Hiki i nā lāʻau phytopathogenic ke lawe i ka wai - hoʻoheʻe wai, ka wai o nā muliwai a me nā kumuwaiwai ʻē aʻe. A ʻo ka mea hope loa, ma ke ʻano kūlohelohe, he koʻikoʻi ka hana a nematodes i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka maʻi bacteriosis.
ʻO ka ʻōpala Powdery
Hoʻololi lākou i nā paukena pau i ka papa ākea a palekana.. ^ E Ha yM. ʻOi loa ka hopena i ka melon, kōkala, ka paukena. Pōuli nāʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula paha ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā lau, mua ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā mokupuni ʻē aʻe, a laila ma luna o ka ʻili holoʻokoʻa o ka lau, e hoʻomālamalama ʻia ana ma mua. Hoʻopilikia ʻia nā pōhaku, a aneane loa hoʻi nā hua, nā hua.
ʻO nā kumu kumu kumu ʻoiʻo Erysiphe cichoracearum DC fungi. (ka ulana keokeo keʻokeʻo) a me Sphaerotheca fuliginea Poll, (paleʻulaʻula. Hoʻopilikia pinepine ka pathogen mua i kahi kukama ma ka ʻāina ākea a palekana, a ʻo ka lua - kahi maukōnika, melona, a me ka zucchini. Mālama ʻia i nā lepo kanu i ke ʻano o nā kino hua - cleistothecia. Hiki i ka hoʻoilo ke hoʻoilo i ke ʻano o ka mycelium ma luna o nā lau mau i ka makahiki. I ka wā maloʻo, hoʻonui ʻia ka hōʻino. Hiki i nā ʻano melon a me nā kukama e hōʻemi i ka hua e 50 ... 70%.
Nā hana ʻohi. ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana i nā mea kanu a me ka phytosanitary, e komo pū ana me ka luku ʻana i ka nāʻu i loko a a puni nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Mālama ka hoʻokele hydrothermal maikaʻi loa i ka ʻāina palekana.
Ke pīpī ʻana i ka kukama i ka wā e ulu ana me nā manuʻala i kēia manawa: 50% acrex (6 ... 8 kg / ha), 50% benomyl (0.8 ... 1 kg / ha), 25% caratan (1 ... 3 kg / ha ), colloidal hina (2 ... 4 kg / ha), 70% topsin M (0.8 ... 1 kg / ha). Hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia ka wai me ka melon me ka ʻōpala colloidal (3 ... 4 kg / ha). Hiki ke hoʻokahe ka pōpō i ka lepo lepo (15 ... 30 kg / ha).
ʻO ka hakakā me nā maʻi maʻi i ka maʻi paʻakikī
ʻAʻohe mākaukau e hoʻomākaukau no ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā maʻi maʻi maʻi ma ka hoʻoiho ʻana i nā poʻe aloha i ka floriculture o loko. ʻO ke kanu ʻana i nā ʻāpana i pili ʻia o nā mea kanu ke kūkaʻi wale nō i ka wā e hele mai ai i nā maʻi i kahele ʻole ʻana ma o nā mea kanu ma o nā moku conductive. Inā pili ka lāʻau o ka mea kanu, a laila kanu ʻia, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻaʻole i hana. Inā ua hōʻino wale ka lau lau, hiki i ka mea kanu ke kōkua i ke hooki ʻia o ka maʻi. I kēia hihia, pono e hana ʻia ka mea kanu i nā kino ola. Ma hope o kēlā me kēia ʻokiʻoki, pono ke kuʻoki ʻia ka hāmeʻa o nā hāmeʻa me ka wai ʻaka! Ma ka ʻōlelo kumu, pono e luku ʻia nā mea kanu i pale ʻia no ka pale ʻia ʻana o nā maʻi i nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hana nui e kū mai i nā maʻi maʻi i neʻe ʻia, ʻo ia ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻemaʻe maʻemaʻe.
