ʻO ka hui nui loa o nā kaukani lalo e pili ana i ka broomrape. Kaukaʻikaʻi ʻaihāoke - Ohrobanche Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka ʻohana, ʻike ʻia e kekahi ʻano ʻano like ʻole o ka pūnohu ʻano (a ʻoi aku ka 120 i ʻike ʻia). Kuhi ʻia kēia e ka laulā ākea a me ka pālahalaha i ka koho o nā mea hoʻokipa host. Nā poʻomanaʻo o ka moʻomeheu Broomrape parasitize i ka holoholona hihiu, hoʻoulu a me nā mea kanu manu.
Hoʻopiʻi i nā lā liʻiliʻi (Orobanche liʻiliʻi) © finiedduI loko o ko mākou'āina, aia ma mua o 40 mau ʻano o ke broomrape, me nā ʻano elima o nā mea kanuʻai o nā mea kanu i kanu ʻia. ʻO nā mea ʻino loa kēia mau mea pili i ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka loea, ka mea hānai, nā mea hoʻonaninani, nā mea kanu, nā mea kanu: opanikei - O. Sitapa, huakaū poʻo hemp O ramosa, ʻO ka lole ʻaia no ʻAigupita, a i ʻole melon, - ʻO. aegyptiaca, ʻaihililima ʻaila - O. mutellii a kekaha elfalfa - O. lutea.
Ma ke kaʻina hoʻomohala, ua pau nā kino o nā mea kanu a pau, koe wale nō ke kumu, nā pua a me nā huaʻai. I mau loli nui: ua lilo ke aʻa i loko o ka puhipuhi keʻokeʻo hope, ʻōmaʻomaʻo i nā kumu o ka mea hoʻokalakupua, nā lau lau i ka chlorophyll a lilo i brownish, ʻōpala a i ʻole lilacous unahi me ka hoʻolālā e hiki mai ana. . ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka lālā o ka broomrape he brown brown, ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele, ka pinkish a i ʻole ka pahalula paha, ka ʻiʻo, ka ʻū, nā mea a i ʻole ke kulu ʻia, me kahi waihona e like me nā pupu suction e komo i loko o ke aʻa o ka mea kanu hānai. Hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kuʻi ke hele i 50 cm a i ʻole.
I ka hihia o ka hoʻomāinoino ʻia o ka lepo me nā hua broomrape a ma ke alo o kahi mea i hoʻopiliʻia, a hiki i ka 200 peduncles o ka palaʻai a me ka mea hiki ke hāʻule ma luna o kahi mea kanu.
ʻO nā pua broomrape he axillary, ʻelima o ke anilima, me kahi polū Kelemania ʻelua-keʻokeʻo, keʻokeʻo a ʻulaʻula paha i ka waihoʻoluʻu, me nā ʻehā ʻehā, ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia i hoʻokahi mau keneta i loko o kahi pepeiao a i ʻole spike paha. Hiki iā lākou ke hōʻino ponoʻī iā lākou iho me ka manaʻo ʻole o ke kea, ka mea e lawe ʻia ana me ke kōkua o kahi bokerape fly-phytomysis - ʻO Phytomysa orobanchia a me nā ʻohana keu. ʻOvary - luna, hoʻokahi. ʻAuʻala - kahi pahu e wehe ʻia me nā lau ʻelua a ʻekolu paha a piha iā 2000 mau mea he nui a keu paha. ʻO nā hua liʻiliʻi loa, 0.2-0.6 mm ka lōʻihi, 0.17-0.25 mm ākea, hoʻopuni a ʻākau paha, ʻonaʻulaʻeleʻele, me kahi papa ʻai. Ma kahi lāʻau kanu broomrape, hiki i ka 100 mano.
Zarazikha (Orobanche) © biologoMa kahi kokoke i nā lole ʻaina āpau i ʻike nui ʻia. Hoʻopili ʻia kēlā me kēia ʻano me ka parasitize ma kahi liʻiliʻi o nā mea kanu hānai no nā ʻohana hoʻokahi a hoʻokahi wale nō paha, nā ʻano a me nā ʻano ʻano.
Kuʻi nui ka lāliʻi umu. mai nā mea kanu ʻē, kamato, tabako, shag, safflower, ʻōpala, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, a ua pā wale ʻia nā huaʻai 70 a me ka melon mau mea e pili ana i nā mea kanu he 70, me nā huaʻai, tapaa, ʻōpala, kamato, a pāka. ʻO ka maʻi Branched, a hempmpo paha, ka mea nui o ka pāpaʻi, ka ʻaka, ka hipa, ka ʻōpala, nā kaloti, ka melon, a me nā mea,
Ua hoʻololi ʻia ke ʻano o ka broomrape ma ke kaʻina o ka ulu ʻana, ka mea i hana ʻia e ka koho kūlohelohe a me nā hana kanaka. Me nā ʻano o nā mea kanu hou, ma ke kaʻina e hoʻololi mau i nā pilina ma waena o ka parasit a me ka host, puka hou nā kānaka physiological a me nā lāhui o ke alapine a laha, ʻano like i ka virulence a me ka hiki ke pale i nā ʻano pale o nā mea kanu loea. ʻO ka nui o nā lāhui o nā ʻano palapula i kahi wahi i hāʻawi ʻia ma o ka lōʻihi o ka kanu ʻana i ka mea kanu hoʻokipa a me ka hoʻohanohano o nā ʻano genodypes. ʻO ka puka ʻana mai o nā races o ka broomrape hou loa e alakaʻi i ka nalowale ʻana o ke kino kūʻokoʻa e nā ʻano. No ka laʻana, ma ka broomrape ʻano pale o ka lā, i ka wahi i hāpai ʻia ai i ke kumu o nā mea mālama loiloi, nā ʻano swellings e pale ai i ka hoʻomohala hou o ka puʻupuʻu. ʻAʻole ʻano o nā ʻano pili like ʻole.
Hoʻoholo ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka pili ʻōlaʻi ma o nā maʻi immunological wale nō o ka mea hoʻokipa host, akā ʻo ka manawa hoʻi e lūlū ai, hoʻomōhala ʻāina, ka mea kanu ʻia o kāna mau huaʻaina i loko o ka lepo, ka hohonu o kā lākou ʻano hua, ʻano hana o ka ʻōnaehana o ka mea ʻai, ka nui o ka wai o ka lepo i ka lepo, a. Hoʻokumu i ka biology o ka mea hoʻokipa host, broomrape i ulu mau makahiki, biennial, makahiki, a me nā ʻano ephemeral. Ke kūkulu nei, hoʻomohala a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i pili ai i ka waiwai o ka mea mālama hānai.
Kamalani Alsatian (Orobanche alsatica var. Libanotidis) © Holger1963ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona hiʻona o kekahi mau ʻano broomrape ka morphology o ka lāʻau a me ka pua, a me ka loea spititis ʻo parasitic.
Paloulu lili nā ʻokoʻa ma nā ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka broomrape me kahi kumu kuʻi a hiki i 30 cm ke kiʻekiʻe a keu aku. ʻO nā aʻalopou ona oʻalā, ʻili; corolla 12-20 mm lōʻihi, tubular, kūlou loa i mua, ʻaʻole i hoʻonui ʻia i ka hopena, ʻulaʻulaʻula. Ua ulu maikaʻi ka ulu ʻana ma nā moʻomeheu a me nā mea ulu e ulu ana nā pua ma ka ʻohana nighthade a me nā ʻohana asteraceae. I loko o lākou ʻo ka meli, kalai, shag, kamato, kahe, ka ʻaka, ka ʻōpū moana, ka ʻōpala o Ausetalia, ka ʻōpala, ka ʻōpala maʻamau, ka gooseberry maʻamau, solonchak bighead, chamomile odorless, a me ka paʻakai paʻakai. ʻAʻole hoʻopōʻino ka maʻi o ka lā i ka mea aʻa o ka mea kanu castor, soybean, lallemanthus, kāpeti, ʻuala, a me ka puaa.
I ʻOi ka lole ʻaʻano egyptian, a i ole melona, ke kulu ʻana me nā pahu nui me ka nui o nā ovate-lanceolate scales 20-30 cm lōʻihi. Corolla 23-27 mm lōʻihi tubular-funnel-ʻano, hoʻonui ʻia i ka ʻōpū. Hoʻokomo ka mea ʻai i ka hua puaa, a me ka shag, keokeo, ka ʻuala, ka ʻula a me ka pua nani, nā hua manu, nā pīpī, nā ʻami, ʻami, ka ʻōpala, ka ʻuala a me nā mea kanu, manu a me nā mea kanu manu (a hiki i 70 mau ʻano). ʻAʻole hoʻopunipuni i nā kaʻi, beets, alfalfa, hua waina. ʻIke ʻia nā lāhui physiological.
ʻO ka maʻi a hoʻonui ʻia hemp, he ʻāpana loa, a 4-5 mm paha i ka waena waena, me nā mea kīwī i loaʻa ʻole, ka lāʻau a hiki i ka 15-25 cm ka lōʻihi, e kūpaʻa ana i ke kumu, me ka helu nui (a i ʻole i ʻumi mau) o nā wana o nā ʻaoʻao. ʻOi aku ka pua i mua o nā pua o ka broomrape i hōʻike ʻia ma luna, me ke anawaena a hiki i 10-15 mm. ʻAʻole emi iki ka maʻi Branched i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ke ʻano. Hoʻokomo ʻo ia i nā ʻano he nui o ka pō, ʻo ka asteraceae, ka ʻōpala (cruciferous), paukena, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia ka tupuna, shag, hemp, hops, kāpeti (kāpeti, cauliflower, kohlrabi), mustard, turnip, saffron, horseradish, railing, pump, melon, kāloti, dill, coriander, sunflowers, lentils, lāʻau lapaʻau ʻōmaʻomaʻi pōkō, nightshade, huʻa, kānā, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe ʻaʻole e paʻi i ka beets, parsnips, lallemanthus, pāhala, eggplant, pepa. ʻIke ʻia nā lāhui physiological.
ʻO nā hua kanu, nā mālamalama e like me ka lepo, ka lawe hoʻopihapiha ʻia e ka makani, ka wai, kaomi ʻana i nā wāwae o ka poʻe e hana me nā hāmeʻa, a mālama aku i nā kumulā o nā mea kanu, a lawe ʻia e nā puʻu lepo mai nā wahi mamao loa.
Hālū kiʻekiʻe (Orobanche elatior) © od0manʻO ka hua kola i loko o ka hua broomrape, e like me nā mea kanu lāʻau ʻē aʻe, he lalo ka palena, ʻaʻole i ʻoka ʻia i loko o ke aʻa, ʻōpala a me nā cotyledons, akā ua ʻano pū kekahi o nā puna e hoʻopuni ʻia e ka ʻina e mālama ai i nā mea e pono ai e ka seedling a hiki i kona ulu i kahi mea kanu ulu. ʻO ke anuanu ʻoi loa no ka lika o nā hua broomrape he 22-25 ° C. ʻAʻole lākou pōleʻa i ka mahana ma lalo o 20 ° C a ma luna o 45 ° C, kekahi ma luna o 50 ° C. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka mahana no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā hua bipani Mesir a me nā ʻaihue i hoʻopiha ʻia ma mua o ka broomrape.
Hiki i nā hua broomrape ke kanu i kēlā me kēia hohonu o ke kuʻekuʻe hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ma lalo o ka mana o nā mea huna huna o kekahi mau mea hoʻokuʻi. Inā ʻaʻohe mea kanu i ka mea kanu kokoke i nā hua broomrape, a laila ʻaʻole lākou e pīpī, akā, hiki iā lākou ke noho kūpono no 8-12 mau makahiki. Wahi a kekahi mau noiʻi, me ka loaʻa o ka neʻe ʻana o nā mea huna o nā aʻa i kekahi palena, ua nui hoʻi ka pakeneka o nā hua kanu. Ma ka lepo haʻahaʻa, e ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka neʻe ʻana o nā aʻa. No laila, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻoilo ʻana o ka lā ma ka broomrape i ʻike ʻia i nā makahiki maloʻo.
ʻO kahi mea i hūnā ʻia e nā mea kanu lāʻau e hoʻoulu ai i ka ulu ʻana o nā hua broomrape i loaʻa ʻaʻole wale i loko o nā aʻa a lākou, akā, aia ma nā lau a ma kahi o ka ʻōpū (nā puʻu). Kū aha kēia mea i ka hoʻolapalapa a me ka hoʻomaloʻo. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale i kāna ʻāpana crystalline i loaʻa ka paʻa o nā mea e hoʻoulu ai i nā mea e hoʻoikaika ai.
ʻO nā mea huna a nā lula, ka puaʻa, ka palaoa, ka soybe, nā mea kanu kūlima kūlima (alfalfa, clover, ʻokiʻoki), ka ʻoma, ka pā eart a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e hoʻonaninani ai i nā hua kanu broomrape, akā no ka mea ʻaʻole hiki i kēia mau mea kanu i ka broomrape, nā hua ona make a make. Kahi ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā mea hoʻonāukiuki i ka hakakā me ka broomrape.
ʻO ka nui o nā hua broomrape i ulu ʻia a me kā lākou hoʻōla kūlia ʻaʻole i hilinaʻi wale ʻia i nā mea huna o ka mea hoʻokipa, akā, ma kekahi mau ʻano ʻē aʻe: ʻo ke ʻano o ka mea kanu ʻai, kona ʻano waiwai immunological a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka wai cellular, ka virulence o ke broomrape a me ka pili o kona hua i ke kumu o ka mea kanu ka mea hoʻokipa, mai ka hopena o ke kaiapuni, ke ʻano wela a me ka lepo o ka lepo, etc.
ʻO ka hoʻonāukiuki, kaʻu ʻana o ka ʻaomapa i nā aʻa o ka mea kanu hānai a me kāna ulu hoʻomaka ʻana e hana malū i ka lepo. I ka wā o ka hoʻōla, ua hele mai kahi māla palu e hele mai i waho o ka hua me ke koena o nā kalapu ma ka hopena, e ulu ana ma ke ala kahi i ʻoi ai ke kiʻekiʻe o nā kihi o nā mea huna. ʻO ka paʻi ʻana i ke kumu o kahi mea kanu i ka broomrape, hoʻomaka ka ulu ʻana, a me ke koena o ka atrophies e kupu ana, e huli ana i kahi kaula milo; a laila ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka pilina me ka ʻaina hua.
ʻAʻole liuliu, ua uhi ʻia ka mānoanoa o ke kumu o ka mea kanu hānai me nā pākō e hāʻawi ana i kahi ʻano o kahi hōkū. ʻO kekahi o ka haustoria, ke kaawale ʻana i nā pali o ka parenchyma o ke aʻa cortex, komo i loko a hiki i ka xylem. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā tracheids i loko o ke kahua kikowaena me nā mea hoʻomohala o nā mea kanu hoʻokele i kahi kū hoʻokahi i paʻakikī ai ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi palena ma waena o lākou. I ka pau aʻe o ka bairrape, hana ʻia kahi lua, uhi ʻia me nā mea nui he nui, ma hope o ka hoʻololi i nā lau hoʻololi. Hoʻoulu ka pua i kahi manamana mai kahi pua e hali ana i ka inflorescence i luna o ka ʻāina.
Zarazikha (Orobanche) © esta_ahiʻO ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana o nā hua broomrape i hūnā ʻia i ka lepo, ʻo kona komo ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana e hele palupalu ʻana me ka ulu ʻana o ke aʻa o ka mea kanu hānai. No laila, ma nā aʻa o kahi mea kanu mua, hiki i kekahi ke nānā i nā ʻāpana āpau o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka parasite; mai ka huina ʻana o ka hua ma ka ʻala ʻana. Mai ka manawa o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o nā hua broomrape a hiki i ka nānā ʻana o kāna mau mea kanu ma ka ʻōpū o ka ʻāina, ma kahi o 1,5-2 mau mahina e hala ai. Hiki iā ʻoe ke loiloi i nā ʻano ʻōpiopio o ke kūleʻa broomrape me ke kali ʻole ʻana i nā pua pua broomrape e haʻalele i ka lepo ma mua o ka honi ʻana i ka broomrape ma nā aʻa o ka mea kanu hānai.
Na Mahuika o ka Maloo
Hoʻohana ʻia kahi paʻakikī o ka hana e pale i nā pua parasin.
I waena o lākou:
- ka pale mai ke komo ʻana o ka hua broomrape i loko o nā mahiʻai a me nā wahi i ulu ʻole ʻia ai, a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe piha ʻana i nā hua i nā mahiʻai;
- ka huki ʻana a me ka wehe ʻana i ka ʻaihue ma mua o kona ʻano ʻana i nā hua a me nā inflorescences e pale aku ai i nā maʻi hou o ka ʻāina. Hōʻali ʻia kahi ʻōmole bona e lawe ʻia ana mai loko o ke kula, puhi ʻia a kanu ʻia hoʻi i kahi hohonu;
- ka hoʻolilo ʻana i ka huli ʻana o ka hōʻiliʻili, ke waiho ʻana i nā hua i hoʻopilikia ʻia no ka manawa lōʻihi (ma ka liʻiliʻi o 6-8 mau makahiki).
No ka hoʻokomo ʻana o broomrape i nā mea ulu palu, ʻo ka hakakā ʻana me ia he pilina nui loa ia i ka pūnaehana o nā hana palekana.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokuʻu i ka lepo mai ka broomrape me ke kōkua o nā mea kanu ʻōpala (mea hoʻonāukiuki), kahi mea e hoʻoulu nui ai i nā hua broomrape. I ka hōʻike o ka nui o nā inflorescences o ka broomrape a i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kona ulu ʻana, ua ʻoki ʻia ka moʻomeheu no ka silage. ʻAʻole hele ka maʻi i ka manawa e pālahalaha aku, a ke hōʻiliʻili nei i ka moʻomeheu hou o kāna mau ʻano. No ka mea hoʻokahi, ua kanu ka hulahula a i ʻole ka mea kiʻihi ʻole. Loaʻa ʻia nā hopena maikaʻi i ka hoʻokomo ʻana i ka nui o ka lehelehe-bantrape-bantrape a me nā hua kanu ʻē aʻe i loko o ka moʻomeheu.
Nā Hoʻohui Papa:
- Popkova. K.V. / Phytopathology aoao: kahi puke paʻi no nā kula kiʻekiʻe / K.V. Popkova, V.A. Shkalikov, Yu.M. Stroykov et al. - 2nd ed., Rev. a hoʻohui. - M .: Drofa, 2005 .-- 445 p .: Ill. - (Nā Kākau o ka ʻepekema kūloko.
- Ke kī i ka flora broomrape o ka USSR (mai nā lula o nā hua a me nā hua). / E.S. Teryokhin, G.V.Shibakina a me kekahi .-- SPb .: Nauka, 1993 .-- 127 p.
