Kāleka

ʻO kā Carrot (Daucus) kekahi lālā o ka ʻohana Umbrella. ʻO ka inoa "carrot" mai ka ʻōlelo Proto-Slavic. I ka nahele, loaʻa kēia mea kanu i Niihau o ʻAmelika, ʻAmelika, ʻAmelika, ʻAralia a me ka Hikina. I ka mahiʻai, hoʻoulu i nā kāloti a kanu i nā kāloti (Daucus sativus) i ulu, a wehe ʻo ia i waena o nā papa ʻaina a me nā huaʻai. Ua ulu ʻia ia moʻomeheu like ma kahi o 4 tausani mau makahiki, a i kēlā manawa lōʻihi, ua hū ʻia nā ʻano nui o nā ʻano like ʻole o kēia mea kanu. Aia he manaʻo e hele mai kēia kuana mai Afghanistan mai, a hiki i kēia lā, loaʻa ka hapa nui o nā kalaka ma ka mea ma laila. I ka wā mua, ua ulu ʻia nā kāloti e hana i nā hua a me nā hua ʻala, ʻaʻole like me nā hua aʻa. I ʻEulopa, ua ulu kēia lāʻau i ka makahiki 10-13 o AD. I "Domostroy" kahi ʻōlelo no nā kalaka, a ʻōlelo ʻia kēia ma ka 16 kenekulia ua ulu mua ʻia ʻo ia ma Russia.

Nā hiʻohiʻona kāloti

ʻO kā kalala kahi mea kanu kanu lāʻau i kēlā me kēia makahiki, biennial a keu mau loa. I ka makahiki mua o ka ulu ʻana, ua hoʻokumu wale ʻia he rosette ma loko, e loaʻa ana i nā papa lau me cirrus-dissected, me kahi huaʻala, a ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā hua ʻai i ke lua wale nō o ka ulu. ʻO ke ʻano o ke aʻa a me ka ʻōiwi ke ʻano he spindle, truncated-conical a cylindrical paha, a ʻano ka nui o kona ʻano mai 0,03 a i 0.5 kg a i ʻole. ʻO ka inflorescence umauma umauma umauma a me nā ʻulaʻula a me nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōniʻoniʻo, ʻulaʻula a i ʻole ʻulaʻula, me ka pua ʻula ma waena. ʻO kahi hua he elliptical liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ʻelua, e hiki ana i ka lōʻihi o kahi o 40 mm. ʻO nā hua kanu hua nā hua carotenes, lycopene, B huaora, flavonoids, anthocyanidins, gula, ascorbic a pantothenic a me nā mea waiwai e pono ai e ke kino kanaka.

Ke kanu nei i nā kāloti ma ka wahi ākea

ʻO ka wā e kanu ai

I loko o kā kaloti, e hoʻomaka ana ka liʻiliʻi mea kanu ma ka mahana o ka lepo ma 4 a 6 tikelē. Ma kēia e pili ana, hiki ke lohi i ka lūlū ke hoʻomehana i ka ʻāina i ka mahana i hōʻike ʻia, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ua hiki i kēia mea i nā lā hope o ʻApelila. Ma waena o ka manawa e like me nā hopena o ka wā e hala ai e hiki ke lulu ʻia mai ʻApelila 20 a hiki i 7. Inā he maʻa ka lepo, a laila hiki ke kanu ʻia ke kāloti i ka pule ʻelua o Mei, a ma ka ʻāina māmā - a hiki i nā lā hope o ka pūnāwai. Hiki i nā hua i ka ʻāina ke kū i nā frosts e hōʻemi i ke kiʻekiʻe 4 mau degere. He mea maikaʻi loa inā ma hope o ka lūlū i ka ua no nā lā he nui i ka lālani. ʻAʻole pono ka lūlū lūlū hua no ka mea, no kēia hihia ʻaʻole e ʻike hou nā mea kanu i kahi manawa lōʻihi.

ʻO ka lepo kūpono

Pono e koho i ka wahi no nā kāloti a ʻona hoʻi a hiki. Eia nō naʻe, no ia moʻomeheu, kūpono pū kahi pā me kahi liʻiliʻi. ʻO nā mea laila maikaʻi ʻole no kēia moʻomeheu:: fennel, parsnips, beans, caraway seed, parsley a me kāloti, ʻoiai ua ulu kēia mau mea kanu i nā mea momona a lākou e pono ai mai ka lepo, a laila e hoʻohemo ai. He kūpono kēlā mau pūnaewele no ka kanu ʻana i nā kaloti ma ka liʻiliʻi he 3 mau makahiki ma hope aku. A ʻo nā mea mua maikaʻi loa: nā kukama, kāpeka, ke kāleka, nā ʻuala, zucchini, kamato a me nā aniani.

Ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi pūnaewele kūpono, pono ʻoe e hoʻomaka e hoʻomākaukau. Hāʻawi i ka mea pono ke hoʻokō i mua, a i ʻole, i ka hāʻule ʻana, a laila ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pūnāwai, e loaʻa iā ia kahi manawa e noho ai. Pono ke kāwili ʻana i ka lepo no 1.5 mau bayonets o ka pauku, ʻo ka mea maopopo a laila e ulu maikaʻi ka aʻa aʻa, a laila hoʻomaha ma ka papa paʻakikī, e hoʻololi ia i kāna kuhikuhi, ma muli o kahi e kipi ai ka mea kanu. He paʻakikī maoli ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka hua kumu mai ka honua. Ma mua o ke kanu ʻana, pono e hoʻopili i ka mea kanu i ka lepo, hana lākou i ka wā o ka ʻohi līwī, no ka laʻana, 15 karamu o ka paʻakai pākaha, 2 a 3 kilelika o humus, 25-30 mau kālele o superphosphate a me 15-20 mau kākela o ka haukapila e lawe i kēlā me kēia 1 mika mita o ka pā. fertilizers. I ka pūnāwai, pono e hoʻokele ʻia ka pae, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi rake no kēia.

Ke kanu

Ma mua o ka lūlū ʻana i nā kāloti i ka lepo ākea, pono e lūlū ʻia nā hua e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka mea kanu. Nui nā ʻano e hoʻomākaukau ai i nā hua no ka lulu.

No 1 lā lā e hoʻopulapula ʻia lākou i loko o ka wai inu (ma kahi o 30 degere), ʻoiai e pono ke hoʻololi ʻia ka wai wai i kēia manawa o ka manawa he 6. Inā makemake ʻia, hiki ke loli ʻia ka wai me ka hoʻonā o ka lehu lāʻau (1 mau kīpē o ka waiwai i lawe ʻia no ka 1 lita o ka wai wai. A hala 24 mau hola i hala, pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia nā hua i loko o ka wai maʻemaʻe, a laila e kau ʻia i loko o kahi lole a waiho ʻia i luna o ka pahu o ka pahu hau i kekahi mau lā.
Kūpī ʻia nā līlī i loko o kahi ʻeke lole, kahi i hoʻomoʻa ʻia i ka wai wela no kahi hapakolu o kahi hola (ma kahi o 50 degere). A laila koke no 2-3 mau minuke. hoʻoiho ʻia i loko o ka wai anuanu.
E ninini ʻia ka hua i loko o kahi ʻāpana pepa, pono e hoʻokomo ʻia i ka lepo i ka hohonu o ka bayonet kahelehe. Ma laila e moe ai ʻo ia no 1,5 mau pule.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hōkeo i ka hua i mua o ka pūpū. No ka hana i kēia, ke kāwele ʻia nā hua i loko o ka hopena o kahi Silk a i ʻo Epina, pulupulu me ka oxygen, kahi e noho ai lākou mai ka 18 a 20 mau hola.

Ke hoʻopau ʻana i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka lūlū mua, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻomau i ka līlū pololei i nā kalaka ma ka papa ākea. Inā he mālamalama ka ʻāina ma ka pūnaewele, a laila e kanu ʻia nā huaʻala ma loko o ia mea e 20-30 mm, inā ua nui ka lepo, a laila e hoʻemi ʻia ka hohonu o ka hua i 15-20 mm. ʻO ka pihi pila kahi ma kahi o 20 kenimita. Ma waena o nā huaʻai i ka lālani, pono ke mālama i kahi mamao o 30 a 40 mm. E hōʻoia i ka nele ʻole o ka mea kanu, hoʻopili pinepine nā māla i ka hoʻopulapula i lalo: pono ka ʻoki ʻana i ka pepa i loko e ʻokiʻoki i nā ʻāpana lauwili, mai ka pālepaʻa (a mai ka palaoa a i ʻole kēpau paha) e hoʻopili iā lākou ma waena o 30-40 mm, ma hope o ka waiho ʻia ʻana o nā hua kanu. Ma hope o ka maloʻo ʻana o ka pīpī, pono ke hoʻopili i ka pepa ma ka hapalua ma luna o ka lōʻihi lōʻihi a ua hōʻeha ʻia i loko o kahi ʻōwili. I ka wā lulu, wehe ka pepa me nā hua a kau i loko o nā puʻupuʻu, kahi pono e hoʻolele pono. Ke kanu ʻia ka hua i ka lepo, pono ke uhi i ka ʻaoʻao o ka moena me kahi oʻelima mau kenimika ʻakolu o ka mulch, e pale aku kēia i ka ʻāʻī ʻana ma luna, kahi hiki ke hoʻopiʻi i ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu.

Aia kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka lūlū ʻana i kēia hōʻoki. No ka hana ʻana, ua ʻokiʻoki ʻia ka pepa aʻai paha i ka kāwele pepa paha i nā ʻāpana liʻiliʻi, me kēlā me kēia lihi o kahi pālahalaha, e kau ʻia ana he mau huaʻai he 1 a 2 paha a me 1 mau mākaʻi o nā minerala mineral. Pono e hoʻohoka ʻia nā pahu i nā pōpoki, ke maloʻo nei lākou, e lawe ʻia no ka waiho ʻana ma mua o ka lūlū ʻia. I ka wā lulu, ua kau ʻia kēia mau pōpoki i loko o ka pūpū me kahi mamao o 30-40 mm.

Ke kanu nei i nā kāloti i ka hoʻoilo

Me ka lulu pua i ka hoʻoilo, hiki i ka mea mahiʻai ke loaʻa kahi hua no ka hapalua mahina ma mua o ka pūnāwai. Akā, i ka wā hoʻoili, kanu ʻia nā ʻano kanu mua wale nō, a ʻaʻole kūpono kēlā mau hua lāʻau i ka mālama o ka wā lōʻihi. Hoʻolaha ʻia ka lūlū ʻana i nā lā hope o ʻOkakopa a i ʻole ka mua - i Nowemapa, ʻoiai e hoʻomākaukau ana i ke kahua no kēia moʻomeheu e hana ʻia 20 mau lā ma mua o ka lūlū ʻia. I ka wā e pau ai ka lulu, pono e uhi ʻia ka papa o nā moena me kahi pākolu o ka pākēneka. Me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pūnāwai, pono e uhi ʻia ka luna o ka wahi moe me kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni, lawe ʻia i ka manawa koke ma hope o ka ʻike ʻana o nā mea kanu. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia he kūpono nā ʻāina māmā wale nō no ka hoʻoilo ma ka hoʻoilo ma ka hoʻoilo.

Mālama mālama ʻona

Ke ulu i kahi kārotu i loko o kāu māla, pono ʻoe e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wā kūpono, inā pono, e ʻokiʻoki i nā hua kanu, hoʻomaʻamaʻa kūleʻa i ka papa o ka moena o ka māla, a ʻokiʻoki i nā lau āpau i ka manawa hope i ʻike ʻia, no ka mea, hiki i kekahi mau maʻi ke hoʻopake i ka mea kanu.

Kauhou

Pono e ʻoki ʻia nā hua mua i ka wā i kūkulu ai lākou i nā papa lau 2 maoli, aʻo ka lōʻihi o 20-30 mm e nānā pono ʻia ma waena o nā mea kanu. Ma hope o ka hoʻopili ʻana o nā wana i ʻelua mau lau o ka lau, pono e ʻokiʻoki ʻia lākou, aʻo ka lōʻihi o 40-60 mm e nānā pono ʻia ma waena o nā mea kanu. I mea e hoʻokaʻawale ʻole i nā kāloti, pono ʻoe e lūlū me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pōpō ai ʻole paʻi pepa (e ʻike i luna). E hoʻoneʻe i nā lau nahele mai ka pūnaewele pono i ka manawa like i ka wā e ʻoki ʻia ana nā hua kanu. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia ka lāʻau ʻaʻa ma hope o ka hoʻohāinu ʻana o ka moena.

Pehea e hoʻoinu ai

No ka hōʻiliʻili o kahi huaʻai o kāloti, pono ʻoe e hoʻoheheʻe maoli, a laila momona ka hua aʻa, nui a ʻona. Inā ʻaʻole lawa ka wai, a ma muli o kēia, e palupalu nā hua aʻa, a e lilo ka ʻiʻo o lākou. Pono ʻoe e hoʻoinu i kēia hua mai ka manawa o ka lulu a hiki i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana.

I ka wā o ka lawaiʻa, e hoʻomehana ʻia ka lepo i ka wai i kahi hohonu o ka emi ʻole ma lalo o 0.3 m, e pili ana i ke kumukūʻai nui o nā hua kanu. Inā nele ka lāʻau i ka wai, a laila kanu nā ʻaoʻao o ke ʻaoʻao, e ʻimi ana i nā kumuwaiwai hou, no kēia mea ua pau nā aʻa i ke kumu kūʻai, a lilo hoʻi ko lākou ʻiʻo ka paʻakikī a paʻakikī. Inā nui ka wai i ke kāloti, e hōʻeha kēia i nā hua o ke aʻa, e kū mai nā kuʻuna liʻiliʻi ma ko lākou ʻaoʻao, a me ka nui o ka ulu ʻana o nā pihi. Ma ke kānāwai, e hoʻopau i ka moena me nā kāloti i hana ʻia i ka manawa 1 i nā lā 7, ʻoiai e pili ana i ka hoʻolālā i kēia lā:

ma hope o ka lūlū ʻana, no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka irrigation e hoʻohana i ka 3 lita o ka wai i ka 1 mika square o nā moena;
i ka wā i palaka ʻia ai nā hua i ka lua o ka manawa, pono e hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o ka waiʻai, no laila, pono ke lilo i 1 pā o ka wai i kēia manawa ma kahi o ka 1 mika mau o ka pā;
ma hope o ka ulu ʻana o nā māla ʻōmaʻomaʻo, hoʻomaka ka ulu a kanu i ka ulu ʻana, a i kēia manawa, pono nui ka wai i ka wai (2 mau pahu wai i ka 1 mika square o ka pā);
i ka wā e noho ana ʻo 6-8 hebedoma ma mua o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, ua hōʻemi ʻia ka nui o ka irrigations i 1 mau manawa i ka lā 10-15, aʻo 1 pahu wai wai e lawe ʻia ma kahi o ka 1 mika square o ka moena;
a i ka lā no 15-20 mau lā ma mua o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kāloti ʻana.

Kuilima

I ka holo holoʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa, pono e hānai ʻia nā mea kanu: ʻelua ka hānai mua ʻia e hana ʻia i 4 hebedoma ma hope o ka puka ʻana o nā hua, a ma ka lua ma hope o 8 hebedoma. No ka hānai ʻana i ka wai laʻu, pono ka papa o 1 tbsp. la l nitrofoski, 2 tbsp. lehu lāʻau, 20 mau pākeleka o ka pākio nitrate, 15 kalama o ka urea a me ka like me ka nui o ka superphosphate i 1 pā o ka wai. ʻOi aku ka lole ma luna o ke ʻano i ka hoʻoinu ʻia o ka moena.

ʻO nā maʻi a me nā maʻi o kāloti me nā kiʻi

Nā maʻi ʻona

Hiki i nā kāloti ke hōʻeha i nā mea ʻino a me nā maʻi, no laila, pono kēlā me kēia mea mālama i ka mea e hana ai i kahi hihia i mea e pale ai i ka hua. No kēia moʻomeheu, ʻo ka mea nui e kuʻi ana ka maʻi e like me phomosis, bacteriosis, septoria, hina, ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula a me ka ʻeleʻele.

ʻO ka maʻi maʻi

Bacteriosis - ʻo kona pālahalaha e hele pū ana me nā lepo lepo a me nā hua kanu. I kēia mea, ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā koena o ka papa mai ka pūnaewele, a e pono ke kanu ʻia nā mea kanu ma mua o ka lūlū ʻia, no ka mea, hoʻomehana ʻia ka wai wela (ma kahi o 52 degere).

Kāleʻele a ʻeleʻele hoʻi

ʻAno lehu a keʻokeʻo a kokoke i kahi kokoke i nā mea kanu huaʻai e pili ana i kēia mau maʻi. Hōʻike pinepine ʻia ko lākou mau maʻi i ka wā o kahi mālama i nā mea kanu. No nā pahuhopu prophylaxis, pono ia e hoʻomāliʻi i ka ʻāina paʻakai, ʻaʻole e hana nui iā ia me ka kanu ʻana me nā mea kanu o ka nitrogen, e hoʻoneʻe i nā lau āpau i ka manawa kūpono, a ma mua o ka waiho ʻana i nā mea kanu no ka mālama ʻana, ua lepo lākou me ka pōkole. ʻOiai he mea nui loa ia e kūkulu ʻia nā hua kanu ma lalo o ke kūlana mālama pono ʻana, aʻo ka mālama pono e pono ai kahi pono.

Maʻi ʻeha (red rot)

Maʻi ʻeha (red rot) - hoʻokumu ʻia a ʻulaʻula a i ʻole nā ʻulaʻula i luna o nā mea kanu i hoʻopili ʻia. Ke ulu nei ka maʻi, nalowale lākou, a ma kā lākou wahi sclerotia o kahi ʻeleʻele i hoʻokumu ʻia. ʻAi ʻia nā hua a pau i kēia maʻi: nā kāloti, nā ʻakaʻaka, nā beets, rutabaga, ka pāhala, a me nā mea ke kumu o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kēia maʻi. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā hua kanu i hoʻopili ʻia mai nā mea olakino.

ʻOliuli ʻōpala

ʻEleʻele - ma ka hua i hoʻopili ʻia e ʻike ʻia ai nā wahi ʻino o ke kala ulana-ʻeleʻele. Hoʻopilikia maikaʻi kēia maʻi no nā hōʻike o kāoboti. Pono e huki ʻia nā kāloti i hoʻopuni ʻia a luku ʻia ma ka hiki. No ka prophylaxis, mālama ʻia nā hua me ka hoʻonā ʻo Tigam (0.5%) ma mua o ka lūlū.

Septoria

Septoria - puka ʻia nā wahi palaka liʻiliʻi ma nā lau o kahi lāʻau ulu maʻi. Ke ulu nei ka maʻi, huli lākou i ka brown a loaʻa i ka ʻulaʻula. ʻO ka wikiwiki ka pālahalaha o ka maʻi he kōkua i ka hoʻonui haʻahaʻa. I nā hōʻailona mua o ka maʻi, ua hoʻomoʻi ʻia ka moena i ka hoʻāʻo hou ʻana me ka hopena o ka hui ʻana o ka Bordeaux (1%) me kahi manawa o 1.5 wiki ma waena o nā papa. ʻO kēlā mau lāʻau e ʻānai loa ʻia e ʻili a hoʻopau ʻia. Ke ʻoki ʻia ka hua, hoʻopau ʻia ke koena o ka hua. No ka makemake o ka pale ʻana, e hoʻomoʻa ka hua ma mua o ka hoʻomoʻa ʻana i ka wai wela, a laila maloʻo koke i ka hau. Pēlā e hoʻomākaukau ai i ka pūnaewele no ka lūlū i nā kaloti, ʻo ka potash a me nā maniua o ka phosphorus e hoʻohui ʻia i ka lepo no ka eli ʻana.

ʻOihana

Phomosis - hoʻopoina ia i nā kumu o nā hoʻāʻo, a me kā lākou mahopoa. A laila, ʻike ʻia nā wahi palaka ma ka ʻaoʻao o luna o ke aʻa, e hoʻomaloka ana i ka manawa, a pili ke hua lāʻau āpau. Ma luna o ka lepo māmā, e ulu wikiwiki kēia maʻi. No ka pono o ka pale ʻana, ma mua o ka lūlū i ka hua, pono e mālama ʻia ka mea me ka hoʻonā Tigam (0.5%), a me nā hua aʻa o ka huehue a hoʻihoʻi koke ʻia.

Nā Hōʻalo Kālea

Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka hoʻoilo ma ka hoʻoilo, kākoti ka kāloti a me nā wireworms i kēia moʻomeheu.

Nāho

Slug - inā ʻaʻole nui ka nui, a laila hiki iā ʻoe ke hōʻiliʻili iā lākou me ka lima. Inā hoʻopiha i nā gastropod i ka pūnaewele, a laila pono lākou e hakakā me ke kōkua o nā pore improvised. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, i kekahi mau wahi ma ka pūnaewele, pono ʻoe e ʻeli i loko o nā pahu liʻiliʻi piha i piha i ka pia, kona ʻono ʻana e huki i nā huaʻai he nui. Inā he ʻānai a kalaka paha, a laila pono ʻoe e ʻokiʻoki i loko o nā ʻāpana i waiho ʻia ma ka ʻaoʻao o ke kahua, ma ke kakahiaka a hōʻiliʻili ʻoe, ʻoiai ʻoe e hōʻiliʻili i nā pōpō i holo ʻia e ʻoliʻoli i ka "mālama" i waiho ʻia e ʻoe. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻopiha hoʻi i ka ʻili o ka papa me kahi papa o ka lehu lāʻau, superphosphate lepo a i nā popula ʻōpala paha.

Wireworms

ʻO Wireworms maoli ʻo ia ke koʻo o ka nutcracker popo. Hiki iā lākou ke hana ʻino i ka kāloti wale nō, akā nā mea kanu e like me nā kukama, celery, mau ʻōpala, ka ʻuala, kamato a me nā ʻuala. ʻO ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka pīpī pākeke e pili ana iā 10 mm; he brown-ʻeleʻele ia, a ʻulaʻulaʻula kona elytra. Hana ka wahine ʻākala wahine i kā manu, aia ma kahi o 200 mau hua liʻiliʻi. ʻO ka pua huluhulu cylindrical brownish-mai a lākou, ke hoʻokipa lākou ma kahi o 40 mm o ka lōʻihi, ua nānā ʻia kā lākou hoʻomohala no 3-5 mau makahiki. I mea e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka wahi o nā wireworms, pono pū kekahi. No ka hana ʻana i kēia ma ke kahua, pono ʻoe e hana i kekahi mau hohonu hohonu i loko o kahi a ka ʻoki a ke ʻano (kumu ʻuala, kāloti, ʻeleʻele, a me nā mea a pau) a i ʻole nā semi-overripe mauʻu. E hoʻopiha i ka lua i ka honua a kau i kahi pine, i poina ai kahi e noho ai ʻo ia. Ma hope o kekahi mau lā, pono e kālai ʻia ka lua, a me ka umu, me nā mea pōpilikia i ʻākoakoa i loko, ua luku ʻia.

ʻO nā Kūleʻa hoʻoilo hoʻoilo

ʻO nā kīʻaha i kahi kalala o ka hoʻoilo - hōʻeha lākou i kahi ʻāpana o ka mea ulu, a e hōʻino ana i nā ʻōpala a me nā aʻa, ke kipi nei iā lākou. Hoʻopilikia hou kēia mau kōpala i ka tōmato, ka pāhala, ka aniani, ka kohlrabi, nā beets, kukama a me nā ʻuala. No ka hōʻea o nā hua lāʻau, hoʻopau ʻia ka moena me kahi hoʻomākaukau insecticidal, e like me nā ʻōkuhi a pili i ia, no ka laʻana, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka Cyanox, Revikurt, Ambush, Anometrin a Etafos.

I mea e pale ai i ke ʻano o kahi lele kāloti, ua kanu ʻia nā aniani ma waena o nā lālani me nā kāloti.

He hōʻiliʻili a ka mālama ʻana i nā kaloti

ʻO ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā kāloti he nui o nā ʻano nui. I ka mua, kahi hana ʻoki lōlihi o nā huaʻai, no kēia, hiki ke huki ʻia nā kāloti i ka manawa no ka kuke ʻana. ʻO kahi hopena, e loaʻa nā mea ʻai i koe no ka nui o nā mea pono, a ʻoi aku ka nui o kā lākou loaʻa. I ka mahina o Iulai, ua ʻoki ʻia nā ʻano mea kanu o kēia mea kanu. Hoʻopili ʻia nā hua kanu hua like o ke ʻano o ka wā e hiki ai i ka wā o ʻAukake. A ʻo ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā ʻano o ka wā lohi, hiki ke mālama ʻia no ka manawa lōʻihi, e lawe ʻia ana i ka lua o ka malama o Kepakemapa.

Hoʻopili ʻia ke hōʻiliʻili i ka lā lā, maloo a me ka mahana. Inā he māmā ka lepo, a laila hiki ke huki i nā kāloti, e kāʻili i nā kihi. A inā kaumaha ka lepo, a laila e pono ke hoʻopili ʻia nā hua aʻa mai ia mea i paʻa me kahi pū. Pono e hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā hua aʻa, aʻo nā ʻōpala āpau i hōʻea ʻia no ka hana hou. No kēlā mau mea aʻa e kūpono ai ke waiho ʻana, pono e hoʻoneʻe i nā pua a pau loa i ke poʻo, a ma hope o ka wā e waiho ʻia ana ma lalo o kahi canopy a waiho ʻia i nā lā he mau lā. A laila hiki ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka mea kanu i ka waiho ʻana. Kahi ʻia ka ipu lepo a i ʻole ka hale hamama no ka mālama ʻana i kēlā ʻano ʻai; ʻo nā kāloti i waiho ʻia i loko o nā pahu i hana ʻia me ka lāʻau a i ʻole ka lāʻau, pono e pīpī ʻia me ka pā maloʻo i ʻole e hoʻopā ʻia nā aʻa. Hoʻopili ʻia ke one me ka moss inā makemake. Hoʻohana kekahi o nā māla i ka ʻōpala a me nā ʻona ʻoi no kēia kumu, no kēia mahalo, e pale ʻia ka hua mai ke ʻano o ka pala. Aia kekahi ala ʻē aʻe no ka mālama ʻana i nā kaloti, ʻo ia ke pā iho i nā kāloti me ka pālolo. Hoʻohui ʻia ka pipi me ka wai i ka ʻano like me ka palaka, ma hope o ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia ʻana o nā hua lāʻau i loko o kēia kamaʻilio a kau ʻia ma luna o kahi pāea. Ke maloʻo nei lākou, ʻalā nui lākou i ka waiho ʻana. ʻO kēlā mau kaloti, ke mālama ʻia i loko o kahi hale maloo ma ka mahana o kahi 0 mau kekona, e hoʻomau ana i kona ʻano a me ka hou o ka wa he spring.

ʻO nā ʻano a me nā ʻano kāloti me nā kiʻi a me nā inoa

Manaʻo ka hapa nui o ka kāloti he lei kala-ʻulaʻulaʻula a loaʻa ke ʻano cone, eia naʻe kēia ka mea. Ua lilo a ʻoliʻoli nā kāloti i ka makahiki 17, a ma mua o ka ʻokoʻa, no ka hoʻohālike ʻia, i ka Emepera Roma kahi keʻokeʻo e waiho ai nā mea kanu, ma kekahi mau ʻāina o ke Komohana o ʻEleʻele - ʻeleʻele, a i loko o ʻAigupita kahiko - poni. I nā mea pena kiʻi Lansani ma nā canvases mua hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ke kiʻi o nā kāri melemele a me ka poni. I ka puka ʻana o nā kāloti kala mua, he aniani ka maka, no ka mea, ʻo ia ka liʻiliʻi o nā kāmoti (3-4 mau manawa i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā ʻano o kēia wā). I ka 2002, ua kiʻi hou ʻia nā ʻano ʻoni ʻulaʻula, a ua hiki ke kūʻai lilo ʻia. ʻO nā pigple Purple he anthocyanidins, ma kahi o nā kāloti nei, ʻo kēia mau mea he ʻāpana o ka beets, basil poni a me ka kolamu ʻulaʻula, kōkua lākou e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana o ka lolo a me ka ʻōnaehana cardiovascular, kōkua e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ke koko o nā momona a me nā kolamu. Hoʻomaka ʻia ka hana hoʻoulu ʻana i ke ala o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka nui a me ke ʻano o nā hua kanu, no laila i kēia lā kekahi mau ʻano me kahi ʻuniʻe, hoʻopuni like ʻole, nā kuʻuna, kuhi ʻia, a me nā ʻōlelo aʻoaʻo ʻole hoʻi.

ʻO ka hapa nui o kēia ʻano lāʻau i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā ʻano. ʻO nā ʻano nui ka:

Paleka Paleka. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO kēia pālahalaha mua he hopena nui, ʻoiai inā kanu ʻia ia i ka pālolo a i ʻole hoʻi i kanu ʻia ka lepo, ʻaʻole i waiho ʻia ka mea mahi ʻai me kahi hua ʻole. ʻO nā lau ʻala maloʻo a me nā aʻalolo he mau laina like like me ka lobish, ma ke kiko hiki lākou 40 mm.
Amsterdam. ^ E Ha yM. ʻAʻole kuhi ʻia kēia ʻano ʻōpio mua i kahi e mālama ai i ka wā lōʻihi. ʻAno kinikini a me nā hua ʻona ʻono a me ke kiko cylindrical ma ke kime, ʻo ko lākou lōʻihi ma 15 ka 17 mau kenimika, a ma ka ʻāpana lākou a hiki i 20-25 mm. Eia nō naʻe, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ua palupalu nā mea ʻai, a inā ʻoe e mālama pono iā lākou, e hōʻeha maʻalahi lākou.
Nantes. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ke ʻano o nā hua kanu wai a me nā wai momona he cylindrical a me kahi kihi boreka, ʻo ko lākou lōʻihi ma kahi o 22 mau kenimika, a ma ka ʻāpana lākou a hiki i ka 30-40 mm. E kūpono no ka ʻai i ke kauwela, a no ka waiho ʻana nō hoʻi.
Berlicum Nantes. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO nā hua kanu kāwili he cylindrical ka palena a he nui ka nui inā i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me Nantes. Kūpono ʻia kēlā mau ʻano lāʻau kanu no ka mālama ʻana i ka wā lōʻihi, akā, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o kā lākou palatability ma mua o nā ʻano ʻano i hōʻike ʻia ma luna.
ʻO ka emepera. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka lōʻihi o nā hua kanu ma kahi o 25 centimeter; he conical lākou me kahi welau. ʻAi ʻia nā ʻano i kēia papa ma ka ʻono (he momona lākou a ʻaʻole i maikaʻi), palupalu a me ka pae ʻana o ka mālama ʻana i nā hua aʻa, i kekahi mau ʻano hiki ke hōʻeha ʻia me ka lawe ʻole.
Flacca. ^ E Ha yM. I kēia māla kanu, ʻo nā hua aʻa nā mea ikaika a lōʻihi loa (ma kahi o 0.3 m). Hiki i ka nui o ka mea kanu i hiki ke hoʻonui i ka 0.5 kg a i ʻole. Nui ka nui o ka ulu o kēia mau ʻano a nui, a ua kūpono kēia mau aʻa no ke kālai i ka wā lōʻihi, akā ua haʻahaʻa lākou i ka hoʻōla i nā kāloti ma Amsterdam a Nantes.

Pēlā nō hoʻi nā ʻano āpau i makemake ʻia no ka ʻaka ākea ma muli o ke kumu o ka kanu ʻana. ʻO kēia mau ʻano e like me ka mea a:

F1 ʻApela Elixir. ^ E Ha yM. Ma ka luna, he ʻula poni ka lau ʻona a me ka hiʻi poni, a ʻulaʻulaʻula hoʻi ko lākou ʻiʻo. I ka lōʻihi, hiki lākou i ka 20 kenimika. He kūpono kēia kāroti no ka mau salads, a no ka pickling hoʻi.
ʻLelo Lūkini. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO kēia ʻano, kahi ʻāpana i ka like ʻole o ka Emepera, kū i waena o ke koena e ka nui o nā hua aʻa. Ke ulu ka ulu māmā, hiki i ko lākou lōʻihi ke piʻi i ka 0.3 m, a me ke paona - a hiki i ka 1 kg. Loaʻa i kēlā mau lau aʻa nunui nā wai momona a me nā mea momona maikaʻi, nā kala momona momona a me kahi kumu liʻiliʻi.
Nā pola huaila. ^ E Ha yM. Aia kēia ʻano ʻokoʻa i ka like ʻole ma ka Car Carotel ʻano. ʻO ka waho, kahi hua kanu, he ʻano like me ka cranberry, like lākou me ka nui o nā puna a me nā aka. He kūpono no ka mālama ʻana i ka lōʻihi a me ka noho ʻana.
Minicore. ^ E Ha yM. No kēlā me kēia ʻano makana i kēlā me kēia ʻano o Amsterdam. ʻO ka lōʻihi o nā hua kanu kanu liʻiliʻi he 13 i ka 15 kenimika; he cylindrical lākou a me ka hoʻōmi ʻono. He kūpono kēia kāroti no ka ʻaihue piha.

Inā he mea nui ka māla lawena no ka ʻono o nā hua kanu, me ka nui o nā mea kūpono e ʻae ana i loko o ia mea, a laila pono ʻo ia e kiaʻi i nā ʻano i lalo:

Pūnaewele. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO kēia ʻano, no ke ʻano like o Flacca, ua hana hou ʻia, he nui nā beta-carotene. Ina e hoohalikeia me na mea e ae, alaila o keia mau mea i loko o ia mea aole e emi mai ka 1/3. ʻO ka hua i nā aʻa ʻulaʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula kahi kahi o kahi kala e ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi, i ka lōʻihi a hiki lākou i ka awelika he 22 kenimika.
ʻOurlelo Giretie. ^ E Ha yM. No kēia pilima i nā mea hoʻopihapiha aliʻi. ʻO ka lōʻihi loa o nā hua kanu makaʻeleʻele ma kahi o 25 mau kenimika, liʻiliʻi ka pā, a me ka pelalula.
Nā hale kūʻai. ^ E Ha yM. No nā ʻano like ʻole o nā ʻano Nantes. ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā hua kanu maka-ʻulaʻula nui ka nui o nā kākela, hana pinepine lākou i ka nui, a ʻo ko lākou lōʻihi ma kahi o 20 kenimika. ʻO ka kaloti like me ka momona, palupalu, maloʻo a me ka momona.
Losinoostrovskaya 13. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO kahi ʻano lewa liʻiliʻi, kūpono no ka mālama lōʻihi. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka hua kanu mai 15 a 18 mau kenimika.

Makemake kekahi mau māla i nā ʻano kū i ka maʻi, hoʻopuka a me ka maikaʻi mālama maikaʻi. Pono lākou e makaʻala i nā ʻano like ʻole:

Samesona. ^ E Ha yM. Loaʻa i nā ʻano momona like ʻole, kahi mea i ʻelima o nā Nantes ʻano like ʻole. ʻO ke ʻano o nā mea ʻāpala i ka saturated kaʻa ʻona a he cylindrical, he ʻono ko lākou ʻiʻo, ka ʻono a me nā crispy.
ʻ .lelo Mo. ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēia ʻano manuahi hope o ka Emperor vari e ka huahana kiʻekiʻe a me ka maikaʻi mālama maikaʻi. He ʻano conical ke ʻano o nā mea kanu wai hoʻōla wai, a i ka lōʻihi hiki lākou i ka 20 kenimika.
Flacca. ^ E Ha yM. Mālama ka mea like i ka wā e ulu ai ka lahui; ulu maikaʻi ʻo ia i ka lepo kaumaha. ʻO ke ʻano o nā hua aʻa he fusiform, ʻike iki nā maka maka, a ʻo ko lākou lōʻihi ka mea ma 30 o sentimita.
Forto. ^ E Ha yM. No kēlā me kēia ʻano waena o ka ʻona ʻo Nantes. ʻO ke kiko o nā hua kanu maloʻo he cylindrical, ʻo ko lākou lōʻihi ma ka 18 a 20 kenimika. He hoʻohālikelike kēia momona a kūpono hoʻi no ka mālama wā lōʻihi.

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻano like ʻole o kēia moʻomeheu e ka moʻomeheu:

mua a i ʻole kakahiaka - lawe ʻia ke hōʻiliʻili ma hope o nā lā 85-100;
ka wā hoʻonui wā maʻamau - ʻoki ʻia nā hua kanu ma hope o nā lā he 105-120;
ulala - kanu ʻia nā mea kanu ma kahi o 125 mau lā.

ʻO nā hua maikaʻi maikaʻi maikaʻi loa: Alenka, Belgian White, Dragon, Fun, Bangor, Kinby, Color, Laguna a me Tushon. Nā ʻano punahele o ka ʻūhā ʻana ʻāpiha: Huaʻai, Altair, Viking, Callisto, Canada, Leander, Olympian a me Chanten Royal. ʻO nā ʻano maikaʻi maikaʻi loa: ʻo ka Mōʻī o Autumn, ʻo Vita Longa, Yellowstone, Selecta, Perfection, Totem, Tinga, Olympus, Scarl.