ʻO Guzmania (Guzmania) - he ʻano o nā everipreen epiphytic a me nā mea kanu terrestrial, no ka ʻohana Bromeliaceae (Bromeliad). Mālama ka genus heʻoi aku ma mua o 130 mau ʻano maoli i ulu i loko o nā ululāʻau pōkāka a ma nā pali i nā mauna ma West Indies, Brazil, Venezuela, South Florida a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, a e ulu pū ʻia nō hoʻi i nā hale, ʻo ka mālama home home guzmania ʻaʻole e uku i ka mālama pono. hana.
Ua kapa ʻia ke ʻano ʻōiwi i ka hanohano o ka huaʻāina a me nā zoologist Anastasio Guzman mai Sepania, nāna i wehewehe mua i kēia mau mea kanu i 1802.
ʻO ka ʻike nui ma ka pua Guzmania
ʻO kā Gusmania nā mea kanu aloha wela a no kā lākou pua e like me ka 25 kiʻekiʻe ka nui o Celsius e pono ai. Kūleʻa kēia mau mea mālama ulu e like me nā epiphytes ma nā lāʻau a kanu i ka aʻa ma ka lepo.
He ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōlepa a i-ahele hoʻi nā mea kanu me ke kihi paʻa, e hana ana i ka rosette ʻano like me ka funnel, a hiki ke kiʻekiʻe aʻe a 50 kenimika a loaʻa ke aho. Ma ke kikowaena o ka rosette, puka nā lau pua i mua o ka pua, he ʻulaʻulaʻula a kū i waho mai ke koena o nā lau.
Kuhi kekahi "hoʻolei" inflorescences i nā peduncles lōʻihi. ʻO Guzmania ka mālama home ma kahi o nā loiloi a pau i mālama ʻia i ka pua wale nō i ka wā o 2-3 mau makahiki. Hiki i ka lōʻihi o ka pua keʻoi aku ma mua o 3 mau mahina, akā ma hope o kēia, make ka mea kanu makuahine.
ʻO kēia kahi hiʻohiʻona o nā mea āpau o nā bromeliads, e ulu ana i hoʻokahi manawa i ko lākou ola wale nō, ma hope o lākou e hāʻawi ai i nā pihi lateral a make aku.
ʻO nā ʻano a me Guzmania
ʻO Guzmania Zana a i ʻole Tsana (Guzmania zahnii) - kahi mea kanu me kahi lau oblong-point, ʻo ka lōʻihi o hiki i 70 sentimeter a me kahi ākea o 2.5 a 3 centimeter. Hiki i ke kala ʻana i nā lau ke ʻōmaʻomaʻo-ʻulaʻula a ʻōmaʻomaʻo-ʻalani paha me ka hapa nui o nā veins longitudinal ʻalani. ʻUlaʻula ʻia nā lau ʻulaʻula ma ke kala.
ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻolālā waiʻana mai ka 18 a 25 sentimita. ʻO kaʻala a me nā pua nā melemele. Aia kekahi ʻano like o kēia ʻano ano o ka guzmania - variegated, he mau kaula lōʻihi i ka lau ʻoni. ʻO ka'āina maoli o nā mea kanu o kēia ʻano he Kolombia.
ʻO Guzmania Donnella Smith (Guzmania donnell-smithii) - kahi mea kanu nona kahi lau rosette maloʻo a he lōʻihi kona mau a 60 sentimita a ākea 3 sentimita. ʻO ke ʻano o ka lau ka linguistic, kuhikuhi i ke kīʻaha o luna. ʻO nā lau ʻaunu me nā paena ʻona.
Hoʻopau ka lālā pua o ka mea kanu, i paʻa me ka lau ʻili. He pōkole loa ka inflorescence, pohō, nā penina pyramidal me kahi koʻi waha. Ma nā inflorescence, ke kūlou nei nā lau haʻahaʻa loa i kahi ʻano oval ʻokoʻa me kahi welau ʻoi a me kahi ʻulaʻula ulaula.
ʻO ka spikelets ka hopena, he mau pua o 2-3 me kahi toki 1 cm lōʻihi. ʻOi aku nā pōkole i nā pōkole ma mua o nā sepals, nā ʻōpala, nā ʻoniʻoni, nā gārima, he ʻano kaʻe a he lōʻihi a hiki i 10 kenimika. Hoʻopili iki nā moku i nā kālai ʻia, hana i kahi pahu puʻu pōkole. Ua hoʻopili ʻia nā pua pua, me nā leʻo, nā ʻulaʻula. Hoʻōla ka mea kanu i ka lāʻApelila-Mei. ʻO ka ʻāina home o kēia ʻano guzmania, ʻo ia ka nahele kai o Costa Rica a me Panama.
Hoʻopili ke koko Guzmania (Guzmania sanguinea Mez) - kahi nani tropikika me nā lau laulā ākea, me nā kihi ʻihi i lalo a me kahi kaʻe paʻa e hana ai i ka rosette umauma. Loaʻa i nā lau he lōʻihi a hiki i 30 centimeter a ma ka wā hoʻoili i loaʻa i kahi kalaʻulaʻula ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻAʻole iki he ʻano o kahi ʻano manu, a me nā pua melemele ma nā pālahalaha pōkole pōkole, e hui pū ana i nā waihona o 712 mau ʻāpana.
Hoʻonakani ʻia nā petals pua a hana i kahi pālahalaha lōʻihi a kūʻokoʻa. ʻO nā hui hou ma mua o nā sepals. ʻO ka wā pua a ʻApelila a ʻAukake. ʻO kēia guzmania i ka nahele he mea maʻamau i ka ulu lāʻau o Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador. Nui nō ia mau ʻano:
- hiʻohiʻona ʻia ka brevipedicellata e nā pāpale-like, bracts bracts;
- ua kuʻi ke mele ma nā lehelehe he keʻokeʻo, he keʻokeʻo a ʻulaʻula paha;
- tricolor - loaʻa nā ʻōpala keʻokeʻo lōʻihi i nā lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo uliuli.
ʻO mosaic Guzmania (Guzmania musaica) - nā mea kanu me ka laha rosette pālahalaha holoʻokoʻa, puni a me ka welau o nā lau, he mau leʻaleʻa kūlohelohe ʻalani ma ko lākou mālamalama mālamalama. Hiki i ka lōʻihi o nā lau ka hiki i 70 sentimita, a ʻo ka laulā he 5-8 kenimika. ʻO ke kūpono o ka pua pua o ka mea kanu, pololei a lōʻihi i ka lau.
ʻO ka inflorescence o ka pepeiao capitate e lawe ana mai ka 12 a hiki i 20 mau pua melemele-keʻokeʻo, ke kumu o ka uhi ʻia me nā pālahalaha nui, ʻulaʻula, obovate i loko o kahi ʻulaʻula nani. ʻO nā palakaʻeleʻele, nā kālai i kālai ʻia he ʻelua a ʻoi loa nā lōʻihi o ke kūpaʻa a me kahi kala ʻōniʻoniʻo. Ua hāʻawi ʻia kēia ʻike ma ke ʻano o Colombia a me Panama.
ʻO Guzmania Nicaraguan (Guzmania Nicaraguensis) - kahi mea kanu me kahi rosette goblet wiwo ʻole o ka lau ʻana i kahi inflorescence. ʻO ka rosette he 10-15 mau ʻōlelo ʻalani me kahi welau o nā lau, he lōʻihi ka lōʻihi a hiki i 6 sentimeter a ākea hoʻi a hiki i ka 2.5 sentimeter, kahi i uhi ʻia mai lalo mai nei, e nalowale ana i lalo, liʻiliʻi, hoʻopaʻa ʻia i nā pae kala pale.
ʻAʻole ka multifloral maʻalahi i ka inflorescence o kēia guzmania ma kahi ped Pedle undescended, me ka lōʻihi o 10 mau kenimika. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā kūpeʻe polin a i kahi kiko a hiki i 5 kenimika lōʻihi.
Hoʻonohonoho ka pua i nā wāwae ʻala pōkole me nā petals melemele e ulu pū ʻana, e hana ana i kahi ʻāpana. Noho noa nā hope o nā lei. Kūpīwīwīwīwīwīwī e kahe a me ke ʻano o ka elliptical, a hiki i ka 2 sentimita ka lōʻihi, kālai ʻia i ke kumu. ʻO nā ʻāina ʻōiwi o kēia ʻano ka nahele o Central America a me Mexico.
ʻO Guzmania hoʻokahi-hui (Guzmania monostachia) - kahi mea kanu me ka rosette mānoʻi ʻo ka nui o ka laina kiki liʻiliʻi me kahi palena o nā lau a hiki i 40 centimeter lōʻihi a 2 mau kenimita ka laulā. ʻO nā lau ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele-ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻo ia ka paler ma lalo.
Ma kahi kikoʻi ākea kūpono ke loaʻa kahi cylindrical multi-row simple spike, hōʻea i 15 sentimeter lōʻihi a me 3 sentimita ke anawaena. ʻO nā lōkeke i ulana ʻia i loaʻa ke ʻano oval. ʻO nā pua me nā petals hoʻopiʻi o ke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, a hiki i 3 kenimika lōʻihi.
Aia nā ʻanoʻokoʻa:
- alba - loaʻa hoʻokahi lau waiho pua a me nā aʻa o nā kala ʻelua - keʻokeʻo e waiho ana ma luna a ʻōmaʻomaʻo - ma lalo;
- variegata - nā lau o kēia mea kanu i loaʻa nā pelu keʻokeʻo ma kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo;
- monostachia - hōʻike ʻia ka mea kanu e nā pua ʻoniʻoni ʻoi i nā pua hua me nā palahala brown brown longitudinal.
Kālaha kēia ʻano i ka nahele o South Florida, Nicaragua, Peru, Northern Brazil a me India.
Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Guzmania (Guzmania lingulata) - kahi mea kanu e hoʻopuka maikaʻi loa ana, ʻike aniani a me nā kūlehe kaki, pono e hooneʻe ʻia ma hope o ka pua. Hoʻopili kēia guzmania i nā lāʻau lāʻau o nā kuahiwi kuahiwi ma Brazil, Honduras a me Bolivia. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā lau, pālahalaha laina, me kahi pālahalaha paʻa ka ʻaoʻao umauma mānoʻo. ʻO ka lōʻihi o nā lau he 30 a 45 mau kenimika, ʻo ka laulā he 4 kenimika.
Ma kahi pālaho pōkole pololei a mānoanoa, aia kahi coresmbose multifloral inflorescence me ke anawaena o 7 mau kenimika. ʻO nā pua liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a hiki i ka 4 sentimita ke lōʻihi a hoʻonani ʻia me nā poni ʻulaʻula. ʻO ka hoʻoilo a he hoʻoilo paha ma mua.
He ʻano ʻano ʻokoʻa kēia ʻano guzmania. Aia ke ʻike ʻia nā ʻano like ʻole ma ke ʻano:
- sardinalis - loaʻa nā pā pua he nui i pua me nā pua ʻulaʻula ākea. Hoʻopau ia i ka lā Malaki a me Kepakemapa.
- flammea - iʻoi aku ka pōkole (a i ke 34 cm) a kāʻili paha (a hiki i ka 1.7 cm) lau. Ka wā pua - Iulai, ʻAukake.
- He lāʻau nui ka lingulata me nā pua he nui a me nā hōkeo piha me nā lau ʻulaʻula i ka ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula paha. Ka wā pua - Kekemapa, Malaki, ʻAukake.
- ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ʻo kahi mea kanu liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi me nā ʻāpana kūpaʻa ʻulaʻula. Ua puaa mai ka lā Pepeluali a Iulai.
ʻO ka mālama home ma Guzmania
Wahi a Guzmania i nā mea kanu hiki ke ulu ma waena o ka shaded a ma kahi ākea. Ke ulu nei ma ka home ma nā puka aniani i ka lā, pono ia e hāʻawi i ka pale mai ka lā māmā i ke awakea, e kūhaʻi ana me kahi kāwele translucent a pepa paha. ʻO ka maikaʻi loa ma nā puka makani i ke komohana a i ka hikina.
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā puka kuʻuna e ulu i nā mea kanu, eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole ka pua ka māla hau. ʻO ke kauwela ua hoʻolaha ʻia e lawe i nā ipo me nā mea kanu i ka ea hou, ʻoiai e pale ana mai ka lā pololei, nā lā a me nā ua. Inā hiki ʻole ke mālama i ka guzmania i ke aniani, he mea pono ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka lumi.
Mai ka hoʻoilo a hiki i ka puna, ʻaʻohe pono ka guzmania ma ka home e kūʻē, i kēlā me kēia, e pono ai ke lawa o ka mālamalama. Hoʻololi ʻia nō naʻe e hoʻokumu i nā kukui hou me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kukui fluorescent e mau ana ma kahi o 8 mau hola.
Ua kau pono nā kukui i kahi mamao o 60 kenimika mai nā mea kanu. I ka hoʻoilo, pono hoʻi ke hoʻohemo, pono wale nō ʻoe e pono i ka hāʻule ʻole o ka mea kanu ma lalo o ka mana o nā papa hana.
Pono ka mālama ʻana o Guzmania ma ka home no ka mea he kahi lāʻau aloha aloha ia a makemake i ka "noho" i ka manawa o ke kauwela-kauwela ma kahi wela o 20 a 25 tikela. I ka hoʻoilo, i ka wā kanu he manawa dormant, pono ia e mālama i loko o kahi keʻena hoʻoluʻu me ke ea o 15-18 tikelī. ʻO ka palena liʻiliʻi i hōʻemi ʻia he 12 tikeleka Celsius.
ʻO ka pua pua a Guzmania a me nā haʻahaʻa e pono ai
I ka wā ulu a ulu a me ka hoʻolālāʻana (ma kahi o Malaki a ʻOkakopa), mālama nui ka mālama guzmania i ka home e like me ka lepo o ka lepo. I kēia hihia, ninini ʻia ka wai i ka puka waho. Manea ʻia e hoʻoinu i ka guzmania i ke kakahiaka kakahiaka.
Pono ka wai o nā pūpū ma kahi e pili ana i 2.5 mau kenimika, a hoʻokahi manawa i hoʻokahi mahina e pono ai ia e hoʻonui. Ma hope o ka pua a ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wā dormant, pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka wai mai ka puka mai.
I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻoili ʻia ka guzmania i ka paka, ma hope o ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana i ka lepo e pili ana i ka hapalua o ka ipuhao. Inā ma lalo o 20 degere ka mahana o ka ea, a laila ʻaʻole i hoʻohoka ʻia ka mea kanu, akā hoʻoulu wale ʻia. Ua ninini ka wai i loko o ka punawai o ka pākihi i ka hope o ka pua o ka guzmania e hoʻonāukiuki aku ai.
Inā hoʻokomo ʻia ka guzmania ma luna o ka lāʻau bromeliad, a laila i kēlā me kēia 10 mau lā ke neʻe ʻia mai ka kākoʻo a hoʻoiho ʻia i loko o ka wai a hiki i ka saturated, a laila e ʻae ʻia e kahe wai nui a kau hou i ka lāʻau.
Inā i ka hoʻoilo, mālama ʻia ka mea kanu i kahi mahana ma luna o 20 mau kekelē, a laila hoʻokaʻawale i kekahi manawa liʻiliʻi o ka wai mahana i loko o ka waho.
ʻO ka wai no ka hoʻouluʻana o ka guzmania pono e palupalu, noho maikaʻi a ʻoluʻolu (e like me ke kiʻekiʻe o 3 mau kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ke ea o ka lumi).
E like me nā mea kanu kai āpau, aloha nui ka guzmania i ka ea, saturated me ka nui o ka umu. E ʻoluʻolu loa ʻo ia i nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo maloʻo a me nā terariums. Ma kahi mālama home ʻo Guzmania hiki iā ʻoe ke waiho i nā kīʻaha me nā mea kanu ma nā pahu me nā pebbles māhuahua, hoʻonui ʻia i ka lepo a i ʻole ka pulu.
I kēia hihia, pono ke hoʻopili ʻia ma lalo o ka ipuhao i ka wai. Eia kekahi, e hōʻoia i ka haʻahaʻa pono, lawe ʻia ka pīpī ʻana i kekahi mau manawa i ka lā, ʻoiai inā he maloʻo ka ea o ka lumi.
ʻO Guzmania mālama ma ka home ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka lau o ka lepo, ka holoi ʻana me ka lole lepo. Ke hoʻohana ʻole nei i ka lolila e hoʻomālamalama i nā lau.
Hoʻomaka iā Mei a hoʻopau i ka hopena o ʻAukake, e kau ʻia nā mea kanu i hoʻokahi manawa ma ka mahina. No kēia mau pahuhopu, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kanu kūikawā no ka bromeliads, akā i ka pau ʻole o ia ʻano palapala, ʻo ka kolepa maʻamau no nā mea kanu o loko me ka ʻike o ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, ua hoʻopōʻino ʻia ʻo ia, ka mea e pōʻino ai i nā dosis nui no guzmania.
Hoʻomalima ʻia ka pipi i ka wai no ka irrigation a ninini ʻia i loko o ke kaʻe. I ka wa e hoʻohana ai i ka pupuk konupenepine, pono e hōʻemi ʻia kona momona e 4 mau manawa ma mua o nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka mālama a me ka hoʻololi i Guzmania
Kuhi ʻia ka pua Guzmania ma kahi o kēlā me kēia 2-3 mau makahiki, e like me ka pono. Hiki ke hana ʻia ke kaʻina hana i ka hopena o ka pua ʻana, i ka wā e ulu a maikaʻi nā keiki hoʻonaʻauao liʻiliʻi. Ke hoʻoili ʻia, pono e mālama e mālama i ka ʻāʻī o ka mea kanu, kahi hiki ke alakaʻi i kona make ʻana.
Ka mālama ʻana i ka guzmania e pili pū ka koho ʻana o ka nui o nā pā nui, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ke ka pāpale a pālahalaha. ʻO ka 1/3 o ka ipu ka mea e hoʻopiha ʻia me ka waikahe mai nā ʻāpana ʻeke o ka cain a i ʻole ka pālolo hoʻonui ʻia. Pono pono ka papahele no ka guzmania. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kūʻai i kahi hui no nā mea kanu epiphytic i loko o kahi hale pua, a hiki iā ʻoe ke kuke iā ʻoe iho.
Aia kekahi mau "ʻoniʻoni" no kona hoʻomākaukau:
- kihi pine paila - 3 ʻāpana, peat pit - 1 ʻāpana, ʻōpala sphagnum tinā - 1 ʻāpana, ka lau ʻeleʻele - 1 ʻāpana, humus - 0,5 ʻāpana. Kahi ʻia kekahi mau perlite a me ka manaʻo nuhō ma ʻaneʻi.
- Lā lau lau - 1 ʻāpana, ka lau niu - 1 ʻāpana, ʻāpana o ka paina pine - 0,5 ʻāpana, ke one - 0,5 ʻāpana, sphagnum moss - hoʻokahi ʻāpana.
- Lawe ʻia i nā ʻāpana like, ka ʻāina ākea, ke one a me nā ʻāpana o ka paila pine.
- Hoʻopala i nā aʻa fern - 3 mau ʻāpana a me nā lehelehe sphagnum - 1 ʻāpana.
ʻO ka hoʻomōhulu hua kanu Guzmania ma ka home
I nā hihia loaʻa ʻole, hiki i ka līlū hua. He ʻoi aku a maʻalahi i ka hoʻomoʻi ʻia o nā mamo.
Hōʻalo ʻia nā huaʻaila ma mua o ka lūlū ʻana me kahi hopena palupalu o ka potassium permanganate a maloʻo. Hoʻomau ʻia kahi ʻano no ka lulu no ka sphagnum nahu a i ka peat a me ke one. Ma ka kanu ʻana i ka hua ma ke kua, ua hoʻopuehu ʻia lākou i ka ʻike o ka ʻāina.
ʻO ka mahana i pono no ka pōleʻa kūleʻa he 24 tikelī. Pono e hoʻokō pono i ka neʻe ʻana a me ka hoʻoluʻu. Hiki ke manaʻolana i nā hua kanu 10-20 mau lā ma hope o ka lūlū ʻana.
Ma hope o hoʻokahi mau mahina he 2 mau mahina, ulu nā mea kanu ʻōpala i loko o kahi substrate e pili ana i ka 1 ʻāpana o ka papa turf, 2 mau wahi o ka lau a me 1 wahi o ka peat. ʻEono mahina ma hope aku, ua kanu ʻia ka guzmania ulu i loko o nā ipu. ʻO Guzmania mālama i ka home, ʻoiai inā i hoʻokau ʻia me nā ʻōlelo hōʻike a pau, hiki ke ʻala ʻia ka pua puaʻa ma mua o nā makahiki he 3-4.
I ka hopena o ka pua, make ka guzmania, "e hāʻawi ana i ke ola" me nā hua he nui i kū i nā hua o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa. No nā mahina 2, e hana kēia mau kaʻina i nā lauwili a me nā aʻa nāwaliwali.
I kēia manawa hana, ua hoʻokaʻawale nui ʻia lākou a kanu ʻia i loko o nā ipu i hoʻopiha ʻia me ka sphagnum a i ʻole a me ke kāwili pū ʻia e pili ana i ka ʻāpana o ke one a me ka pā pine a me 3 mau ʻāpana lau.
Koho ʻia nā mea kanu i kanu ʻia ma kahi wahi o ka mahana o 26-28 degrees Celsius, a uhi ʻia me ka pahu aniani a i ʻole nā ʻeke pepa no ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea kanu. Ma hope o ka ulu nui ʻana a hānai ʻia, "ʻōpio" hoʻomaka e hoʻomaʻamaʻa iā lākou iho i nā kūlana maʻamau o ka paʻa.
Nā pilikia i loaʻa iā Guzmania
- Me ka nui o ka wai, hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia nā aʻa.
- Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā guzmanias e nā maʻi ʻoi i ka maʻi maʻi ma muli o nā kiko i loko o nā keʻena wela a pākī.
- ʻO nā wahi ʻulaʻula ma nā lau e hōʻike ai i ka lā ulu.
- ʻO ka ʻōlelo o nā lau e ʻoliʻoli inā loaʻa ʻole ka lawa o ka ea, a me ka irrigation me ka wai paʻakikī a i ʻole ka ʻole o ka nui o ka wai o ka wai i loko o ka puka.
- ʻO ka make o ka mea kanu i ka hopena o ka pua kahi hana kūlohelohe.
- ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona o nā melemele ʻeleʻele ma nā lau me ka melemele nui a me ka make ʻana o ka lau ma kahi ʻūlū āpau e hōʻike ana i ka hāʻule ʻana o ka spider mite ʻulaʻula.
- ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona o nā pālaʻi-poli-tubercles ma nā lau - ua pā ʻia ka mea kanu e ka pala bromeliad.
- Inā uhi ʻia nā lau i kahi ʻulaʻula like-keʻokeʻo, ʻo ia ka mea i lanakila ai ka mealybugs.
- Inā hoʻokumu ka mea kanu i nā limahana, a laila e ʻike i ka pono o ka ʻai.
- ʻO ka hoʻoneʻeʻana a me nā lau maloʻo e hōʻike i kahi mahana haʻahaʻa o nā kiko o ke guzmania.
