ʻO wai lā mākou i hoʻāʻo ʻole i kēia ʻono maikaʻi. A he aha ka mea i loaʻa mai i ka huina mai gooseberries! ʻO kēia kekahi o nā mea kanu maʻamau maʻamau i loko o kā mākou māla a me ka, ʻaʻohe o ka mea aloha nui. Nā hoʻohanohano mua ʻana ma waena o nā genera ʻelua: ʻo Currant (Na puali) a me ka Gooseberry (ʻĀina) I nā mea ākea ākea ākea, hoʻokahi wale nō ʻano ʻano o ka Ribes i ʻike ʻia. ʻO nā kūlike like ʻole ma waena o nā currants a me nā gooseberries, ma ke kumu, i alakaʻi ai i ka manaʻo o kekahi ʻano. ʻO nā mea āpau e pono ai i ka mea hānai e ʻike e pili ana i ka ulu ʻana i nā gooseberries - kanu, mālama, mālama pū - i kēia ʻatikala.
ʻO nā hua GooseberryHōʻike Botanical
Wāwaea i ʻole kūpaʻa ʻole gooseberry, a i ʻole European gooseberry (ʻĀina uva-crispa) - kekahi ʻano lāʻau o ka subgenus Grossularia (Wāwae), henus Currant (Ribes), ʻohana gooseberry (Grossulariaceae).
He puʻu liʻiliʻi ia a hiki i ka 1-1.2 m ke kiʻekiʻe, me ka hina ʻeleʻele a i ʻole a ʻeleʻele a i ke ʻano peʻeli ʻeleʻele. ʻEkolu nā ʻāpana a nā lālā, nā manawa maʻalahi - nā mākeke maʻalahi o ka lau. ʻO nā hua ʻōpio he cylindrical, hina, kanu ʻia me nā pupu ʻūpuhi pīpī a me nā koina ʻōpio liʻiliʻi. Puʻu lau ma nā ʻāpana he ʻekolu. ʻEleʻele nā hua, ua uhi ʻia me nā ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula, i ke alo me nā lauoho keʻokeʻo pubescent. Noho nā kauā ma ka ʻohe o ke kakala (spines) a i ʻole ma luna o nā kui spart tripartite.
Lapa lau, lau a ʻole a be-heart-ovate, a hiki i 6 cm ke lōʻihi, pōkole pokole a pulu. ʻO kahi lau wili me nā kāʻei he 3-5 a me kahi aniani huhū. ʻO ka pua nā bisexual, greenish a ʻulaʻula paha, hoʻokahi a 2-3 paha i nā koi o nā lau. ʻO Hypanthium, e like me sepals, he pubescent. Hoʻopau ia i ka Mei.
ʻO Gooseberries Roseley (Ribes roezlii).
Nā huaʻai-hua, oval a i ʻole ʻelehe paha, a hiki i 12 mm lōʻihi, glabrous a coarse-bristled paha, me nā ʻōnaʻi i hōʻailona pono ʻia. ʻĀmaʻomaʻo, ʻōmaʻomaʻo a poni paha. Ripen i Iune-ʻAukake.
Ke koho ʻana i kahi i kanu ai i nā gooseberries
ʻO photopopous ʻo Gooseberry, pono ke kanu ʻia ma nā wahi aniani, mālama ʻia mai nā makani ikaika. Ua pane maikaʻiʻo ia i ka ulu lepo. ʻAʻole ia e ʻae i ka hoʻōla wai (ʻo ke kumu o ka ʻīkī i ke ʻāʻī), ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma kahi o ka maloʻo pōkole. ʻAʻole naʻe makemake ʻo ia i ka wai wai kokoke - makemake ʻia ia mai kokoke loa i ka 1.5 m mai ka papa aku o ka honua. Inā kiʻekiʻe loa ka wai hohonu o ka wai ma mua o 0.8 m, a laila e kanu ʻia ka lāʻau ma kahi uluna moe moe papa me kahi kiʻekiʻe o 0.3-0.5 m a me ka laulā o 0.8-1 m.
Inā ʻaʻole lawa kahi ākea ma ka pūnaewele, a laila hiki iā ʻoe ke waiho i ka gooseberry ma waena o nā hua hua ʻōpiopio, akā ʻo ka mamao mai nā lāʻau a ke kumu lāʻau ke lilo a ma kahi o ka 2 m. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kanu i nā gooseberries ma ke ka palena o ka pūnaewele a i ʻole ma ka pā o ka wā i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ai nā kanu lāʻau mai nā hale a me nā pā. malalo o 1,5 m.
Makemake nā Gooseberries i ka lepo maʻa mauʻu. Inā he lepo a he kaumaha paha ka lepo ma ia wahi, e hoʻohui i ka pālolo a one paha. ʻAʻole makemake ʻo ia i ka lepo acidified. Inā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka acidity (pH) ma mua o 5.5, a laila hoʻohui ka lime i ka kanu - ma kahi o 200 g no kēlā me 1 sq. m. I mea e ulu ai ka gooseberry a hoʻoulu maikaʻi, pono ka māla i ke kahua kanu.
ʻAʻole pono ia e kanu i kahi ulu lāʻau ma kahi o nā currants a i ʻole nā mea ʻōpala i ulu aʻe ma mua o ia mea - e emi loa ka lepo, a me nā maʻi a me nā pōpoki maʻamau i kēia mau mea kanu, e pono nō e hāʻule i ka "mea hou".
Mea kanu Lele
Hiki ke kanu i nā mea kanu i ka pūnāwai a me ka lūlū, akā ʻo ka lā kanu maikaʻi loa he lūlū (mai ka ʻewakemapa a hiki i waena oʻOkakopa), ʻoiai ma ka hopena o ka wā lohi a kanu ʻia nā mea kanu i kanu a kanu i nā aʻa hou. Me ka kanu ʻana o ka pūnāwai, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ola a me nā pana i pana ʻia.
Hoʻomaopopo ʻia he spiny ka gooseberry, hiki ʻole i ka ulana, no laila pono ʻoe e hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi i ka ʻāina i ka wā o ka hoʻoilo ma mua o ka kanu ʻana mai ka iʻa aʻa i nā mea kanu, kahi nui ka lau nahele.
No ka hana ʻana i kēia, i ka wā lūlū, ua ʻeli lākou i kahi kuʻuna ma lalo o ka gooseberry, e koho pono ana i nā rhizomes a pau o nā lau. Ma hope o ke eli ʻana, e kālele pono ʻia ka lepo me kahi kekehi me nā niho metal, ua wāwahi i nā kipi a pau o ka honua.
No ka kanu kanu ʻana, ʻohi ʻia nā lua ma lalo o ka gooseberry i 2-3 mau pule, no laila he manawa ka manawa e hoʻonā ai ka lepo. Kahu ʻia ka ʻōpala me ka hohonu a me ka laula o 50 cm. Ua waiho ʻia ka papa momona kiʻekiʻe ma kahi ʻaoʻao, ʻo ka papakū o ka infertile layer ma kahi ʻē aʻe. A laila e hoʻohui i ka paila momona: 8-10 kg o humus a maikaʻi ʻole ʻia ka manure, 50 g o ka superphosphate pālua, 40 g pāhoma pālea. Hoʻohui maikaʻi nā mea āpau. Ua lawa kēia mau mea kanu no nā mea kanu no nā makahiki ʻekolu. Inā he pālolo ka lepo, a laila hoʻohui ʻia 1 pahu o ke one kahawai i ka lua.
No ka kanuʻana, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā hua kanu kūpono a maikaʻi ʻole a me nā hua pālua me ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻolālā ʻana (me nā aʻa he 25-30 cm ka lōʻihi) a he wahi papa o 3-4 mau kaha ikaika. Ke kanu nei i nā hua kanu, e hoʻomaka nā mea kanu i mua. Ma mua o ke kanu ʻana, pau a hoʻopau ʻia paha nā ʻāpana o nā aʻa a me nā lālā mai nā mea kanu. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kanu i nā aʻa no kahi lā i loko o nā kōmala wai pilikino: 3-4 punetēne o ka sodium humate i loko o 5 lita o ka wai. Ma hope o kēia, e wikiwiki wikiwiki nā aʻa.
Pa lāʻau ʻo Gooseberry me nā hua wainaKanu kanu ʻia ʻia ka mea kanu me ka piʻi me ka hohonu o ka ʻā aʻa ma 5-6 cm ma lalo o ka pae o ka lepo. Hōʻoiaʻiʻo lākou ua pālahalaha nā aʻa. A laila, paʻa i ka mea kanu e ka ʻōpala, ua uhi ʻia nā aʻa me ka lepo. Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka ʻāina i ka aʻa. I kēia hihia, lulu liʻiliʻi ka mea kanu i mea e hoʻopiha piha ai ka honua i nā honu a puni i nā aʻa.
Ma hope o ka hoʻopiha ʻana i ka lua, ua hoʻohāinu ʻia nā mea kanu, e pili ana i kahi pakete o ka wai i ka lua, a laila hoʻomoʻa ʻia ka wahi i lalo o ka lāʻau me ka pitonu malo a me ka humus me kahi papa o 2-3 cm i mea e hōʻemi ai i ka ea maikaʻi a pale aku i ka hana crust. Ma hope o ke kanuʻana, ua ʻokiʻoki ʻia nā hua laʻu mai ke seedling mai, e waiho ana i nā kākē 5-6 ma luna o ka ʻona o ka ʻāina.
Ka hoʻolilo ʻo Gooseberry
Hele mai ka mālama Gooseberry i ka hoʻoulu ʻana, ke kanu ʻana, ka hoʻoulu ʻana, ka hoʻolilo ʻana, ka mana lau, nā pōpoki a me nā maʻi. Lawe ʻia nā gooseberries i ka wā hoʻomaha: i ka hopena o ke kauwela a i ka puna mua paha. Pono e uhi ʻia nā māhele me ke anawaena ma mua o 8-10 mm. No ka hoʻoukaʻana i nā maʻi a me nā pōpilikia i ka wā mua o ka mahina o ʻApelila, i ka hoʻoilo, nā lāʻau gooseberry mai kahi kanu e hiki ai ke hoʻoulu ʻia me ka wai kaila, ma ka pāheʻe wale ʻia. I ka Mei, pono e eli i ka lepo a puni nā mea weli a ma lalo o lākou a, inā pono, hoʻomohala i ka nitrogen a me ka potassium potassium a / a i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia manure infusion ma ka perimeter o ka lei o ka ulu lāʻau a ka hoʻi hou iki.
Wāwae
E hoʻohua ʻo Gooseberry i nā hua no 10-15 mau makahiki a ʻoi aku paha e lawe i kahi nui o nā mea kanu mai ka lepo. No laila, e kiʻi i nā loaʻa nui loa, koi ʻia ka noiʻi makahiki o nā mea kanu a me nā minerala: no ka hapalua o kahi pā o ka lua - 50 g o superphosphate, 25 g pākaikeka sulfate, 25 g o ammonium sulfate. Ma lalo o ka ulu lāʻau nui, ua pālua ka pāila kōlea.
Ma lalo o ke kumulāʻau, e hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka lepo, e uhi ana i nā mahi ʻai; kāʻei i ka lepo ma waho o ka lei aliʻi e hōʻino ʻole ʻia i nā aʻa. Ma hope o ka pua a ma hope o kekahi mau hebedoma 2-3, ke hoʻohua nei me ka momona mullein (1: 5) ma ka nui o 5-10 l no ka lāʻau.
I ka lā maloʻo, wela, pono ia e mākaʻikaʻi i ka makika lepo. Pono e hoʻoulu ʻia nā kuʻuna Gooseberry ma lalo o ke aʻa, hōʻemi kēia i ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu. Mai hōʻuluʻulu i nā mea kanu ma ka pīpī ʻana, ʻoi loa ka wai anuanu.
I mea e loaʻa ai nā gooseberries ʻono nui, ʻo ka mea kanu mua o ke kauwela huakaʻi o nā pua maloʻo palu, kahi mea ʻaʻole pono no ka ulu, e hoʻokau ʻia.
Ke waiho nei lākou he 5-6 mau lau a hoʻokahi kāula i kēlā me kēia pala. Ma muli o kēia ʻano, hiki ke loaʻa nā hua gooseberry nui loa. Pau nā lālā ʻokiʻoki e hana i ka lehu a i hoʻopaʻa ʻia paha i loko o ka puʻu.
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā hua hua Gooseberry i ka lua o ke kauwela. No laila, i ka wā e ʻohi ai, pono mākou e hoʻomanaʻo a mālama pono i ka hōʻiliʻili o ka makahiki e hiki mai ana, i.e. hoʻolako i nā mea kanu me ka meaʻai a me ka mākaukau i kēia hana.
Kohi a me ka mālama ʻana o nā gooseberries
ʻO nā gooseberries, ʻaʻole e like me nā hua ʻai ʻē aʻe, ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka momeness. No ka hana ʻana no ka paʻū, nā mea hua koho maikaʻi loa i ka helehelena o ka ʻenehana ʻenehana, i ka wā paʻakikī, akā loaʻa iā ʻoe ke ʻano o nā ʻano o nā hua pā o kēia ʻano. A no ka nui o ka ʻai, ʻohi ʻia nā hua waina i ko lākou hiki ʻana i ka piha piha: a laila palupalu a nui loa hoʻi ka momona. He mea nui ia e hāʻawi i nā hua me nā hua melemele, keʻokeʻo a ʻulaʻula i ʻāpala ma ka nahele, i loaʻa ai iā lākou ka moʻo ʻoi loa.
Wāwae
Wāwae
Wāwae
Hoʻomaopopo ʻole ʻole ʻia ʻo Gooseberries i ka "ʻāpopo ʻākau". Aia kekahi mau huaʻala me ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i ka hua waina, a ʻo ia hoʻi, ua hana lākou i ka waina, ka mea i manaʻo ʻia ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi i waena o ka hua waina a me nā huaʻa, a hele mai lākou i ka hua waina i ka maikaʻi. I ka home, ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka waina momona mai nā gooseberries i maʻalahi maʻalahi. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, e hoʻohui i ka nui o ka wai a me 350 mau grika o ke kō i loko o ka lita o ka wai maʻemaʻe. Hoʻohālikelike, hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka waina e like me ka ʻenehana hana maʻamau. E lilo i ka ʻoluʻolu a i me ka palupalu i ka ʻono ma hope o eono mahina.
Hoʻopilikia hopohopo
Hiki ke hoʻomoʻi ʻia nā gooseberries e nā hua kanu, layering, ʻokiʻoki ʻoni. Me ka hoʻomōhala hua ʻana, ʻaʻole mālama ʻia nā mea like ʻole. Hōʻalo pinepine ka hapanui o nā mea kanu i nā ʻano hihiu me nā hiʻohiʻona pono ʻole: nā kīkaha ikaika, nā hua liʻiliʻi, a laila, no laila ua hoʻohana ʻia nā hua loiloi ma ka wā nui e hānai ana i nā ʻano hou.
Ke hoʻohana nui nei nā ʻano mea kanu Gooseberry i kahi lōʻihi. Hāʻawi ia iā ʻoe e hoʻoponopono i nā ʻano varietal waiwai nui i hōʻuluʻulu ʻia a koho ʻia i ke kaʻina koho.
I kēia manawa, hoʻolaha palupalu nā gooseberries, ʻoi loa ma ʻelua mau ala: e hoʻohana ana i ka lula me ke kolo ʻana i nā hua ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a ukali ʻia e ka ulu ʻana i ka mea kanu. Hana ʻia nā mea kanu ʻelua mau makahiki ʻelua no ka waiho ʻana i nā kanu i nā kūlana hana (a me nā māla māla).
Hoʻomoe ma ka palena palena
I ka wā mua, ua hoʻomoʻi ʻia ka lepo ma lalo o ke kumulāʻau, kōmala, hoʻāla ʻia, hoʻōla ʻia. Hoʻopili paʻa nā lālā i ka lepo me nā lāʻau lāʻau a i ʻole nā ʻāpana kīwī, i kāpī ʻia me ka honua ma hope o 2 a 4 mau pule (me kahi papa o 5-6 cm). I ka wā lohi, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻāpana lau a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai ka lāʻau. Aia ka hopena o nā ʻōpala i nā mea hāpai i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū, ma luna o ka hoʻokō pono ʻana a me ka manawa o nā hana kūʻai. Kipa nā pēpē he 60-80, a i kekahi mau hihia - a hiki i 300-400 mai ka lahele.
ʻO nā ulu ulu ma nā wana piko, e like me ke kānāwai, ʻike maopopo a hāʻawi i nā mea kanu i ka wā e hiki mai ana. No laila, i nā hua puaʻa Russky o 2480 mau pua, ua kū nā 2470 ʻōpio, i ka melekini Lūkini mai 1941 - 1856 (95.6%), i Malachite mai 623 - 620 (99.5%), i nā nāwaliwali palupalu ʻole 3 mai loko o 410 - 353 kāwele (86 %).
Ka kuhi maoli i ka nui o nā pūpū i nā hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻano like ʻole. Hoʻomaʻo nā mākeke o ka Pōʻele, e ulu pono ana, e kua pālahalaha nā lālā, he hopena ma kahi ʻano o ka ulu lāʻau lāʻau. Heʻuʻuku nā pihi liʻiliʻi. Ma nā pūnaewele uterine o kēia ʻano, pono e hoʻokaʻawale i nā lālā i nā lāʻau, waiho i nā ʻakō loa a me ka ikaika.
Wāwae
Hiki ke hoʻohana i nā lālā o nā makahiki (mai 10 a 18 paha i ka lāʻau) no ka waiho ʻana, e koho nui ʻia ana me ka nui o ka ulu ʻana i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe. Eia kekahi, mai kahi lālā i hiki ke kiʻi mai 8 a 19 i mau pua ʻoki.
Hoʻopili i nā mānoanoa ʻala
ʻO kekahi ala hou e hoʻomohala ai i nā gooseberries ʻo ka huki ʻana i nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo i nā keʻena kūikawā i kahi keʻena polyethylene a me kahi hāmeʻa hana lima. Hoʻomau maikaʻi ʻia ka papa hana palapala no kēia - mai ka peat a me ke one, pono e mālama pono ʻia, me ka hōʻiliʻili ʻole o nā maʻi ʻoi.
ʻAʻole pono ke anuanu o loko o ke ea ma mua o 25 mau kiʻekiʻe, e hoʻonaninika ka pā ʻana o ka wai, kokoke i mua o ka pua. Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūpono, ʻo ka lōʻihi o ka ulu a me nā kūlana o ke aʻa a hiki i ka hopena o ke kauwela, ʻo ia ka nui o nā mea kanu i kanu ʻia ma kahi kū i ka makahiki o nā ʻokiʻoki, ma ke alapine e ulu nei i nā mea kanu. No laila, i nā hui o Rokeke a hiki i ka 76-88, i loko o ka Smena - 72-90, Yubileiny - 77-94 pākēneka.
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa koke nā ʻōpala puaʻa nui i nā hōʻino pinepine ʻana o nā ʻano pānaʻi, a laila ʻeleʻele nā lau a pau a hāʻule - kūwaliwali nā aʻa a pau i kēia hana. A he hopena, ua loaʻa ka pakeneka o nā ʻokiʻoki i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole o ka Russky 50-61, ka melemele o Russky - 44-78, a ma ka haʻahaʻa o nā ʻōiwi nike 3 - 37-55.
No laila, ʻo ka hiki ke kiʻekiʻe o nā ʻano gooseberry hou i ka aʻa ma muli o ko lākou ʻano genetite, hiki iā ia ke loaʻa i ka helu o nā mea aʻa o ke aʻa i kēlā me kēia makahiki i ka wā e ulu ana ka mea kanu. I kēia hihia, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻano ʻelua o ka hake ʻana.
ʻO nā maʻi kuʻi
ʻO nā Gooseberries e pili pono i nā maʻi ʻelua - pulupulu ka loaʻa (sferotek) a me septoria (ke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo). ʻOi aku ka ʻoi aku nā pōpoki pepeke, gooseberry moth a me ka meli gooseberry melemona ʻo ia.
Wāwae
Kūpono ka hapa nui o nā ʻano gooseberry i kēia wā i ka waihona puke. Eia nō naʻe, ke hana koho nei ka maʻi - e hoʻopilikia hou i nā mea kanu ʻōpio. No laila, makemake lākou i ka palekana - e mālama ai me ka "Topaz", "Vectra" a i ʻole ka "Strobi" hoʻomākaukau ʻana (nā palapala a me nā ʻano noi o ke noi ma nā pūpū). ʻO ka pīpī mua - ma hope o nā pua e pua, ma luna o nā pua. ʻO ka lua - i nā lā 10-14.
ʻAʻohe ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe ʻē aʻe iā Septoria. Ma mua o ka pua a ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, pono e mālama i ka lāʻau a me ka lepo ma lalo o lākou me "Oxychloride" a me "Skor", i ka hāʻule i mea e pono ai e hoʻopili i nā maniua phosphorus-potassium a kāwili i ka lepo ma lalo o nā kumu lāʻau.
E kūʻē i ka ognevka a me ka sawfly, hōʻeuʻeu ʻia nā lāʻau i ke kakahiaka nui (ma hope o ka noho kaʻawale ʻana, a i ka wā koke ma hope o ka pua) me nā karbofos a i nā huahana kūlohelohe - bitoxibacillin a i ʻole lepidocide. I ka wā o ka hoʻoili, ʻeli lākou i ka lepo ma lalo o nā kumu lāʻau i ka hohonu o ka 8-10 cm a hoʻomālamalama ʻia i ka radius o ka pāpale a no ka ulu ʻana o kahi lepo 10-12 cm ke kiʻekiʻe o ka pūnāwai, ʻelua mau pule ma hope o ka pua ʻana, ua ola nā lāʻau.
ʻO Gooseberries kahi mea kanu maikaʻi me nā hua ono momona, a, ʻoiaʻiʻo, kūpono ke ulu i kēlā me kēia wahi! Oe e ulu nei i nā gooseberries? E kaʻana like i kou ʻike ma ka mālama ʻana iā ia i nā ʻōlelo.
