ʻO nā ʻano like o nā kaila o kēia wā e hele mai i nā kumulepule hihiu, e ulu ana ma ka ʻāina mamao ma India, kahi i hoʻohana ʻia no ka meaʻai mai ka manawa o mua. ʻO ka ʻōlelo hoʻokaʻawale mua o nā beets ma nā ʻāina o ka Hikina a me Babulona, kahi i hana ʻia ai he lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā mea kanu lāʻau. I ka wā mua, ua ʻai wale nā lau, a ua hoʻohana ʻia nā aʻa no nā lāʻau lapaʻau.
Ua mahalo nui ʻia ka ʻikekena e nā Helene kahiko, nāna i mōhai iā ia i ke akua no ʻApolo. Hōʻike ʻia nā puka kumu mua (e like me Theophrastus - ʻo kekahi o nā huaʻāina mua o ka wā kahiko) a ʻike maikaʻi ʻia e ka kenekulia 4 H.
Beetroot. © hana hoʻoheheʻeBeetroot, Latin - Beta, folk - beetroot, beetroot.
Beetroot - kahi mea kanu olakino mai ka haʻa ʻohana, a i ʻole puaʻa paha. ʻO nā pīpī, he ʻoloka, pōpilikia a me cylindrical i kona ʻano. Loaʻa i nā poli ʻeleʻele kiʻekiʻe ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻulaʻula.ʻO nā aʻa a me nā lau o ka beets e loaʻa ana ka nui o nā huaora, nā hāmeʻe, nā paʻakai mineral o ka pāhana, magnesium, calcium. ʻO ka heleʻana o betaine ma ia e kōkua i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ke koko, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka metabolism momona. Hoʻohana ʻo Beetroot no ka hiki ʻana o ka pūpū, ka atherosclerosis, a me nā maʻi o ka ʻōpū.
Beetroot. © Darwin BellPēlā ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana
Pono e lawa ka ʻāina a ʻona paha. Pono e hoʻomākaukau i mua - i ka hopena o ka hopena. A hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i ka lulu wa hoʻoilo ma ke kāwele ʻana i ka hau me kahi keʻena mai nā lehelehe icy. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o kēia. ʻO nā hua liʻiliʻi me kēia ʻano mea ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi (ʻaʻole pono ka lahilahi i waho), akā maikaʻi lākou a paʻa nō.
No laila, no hoʻokahi pahu pākī, pono ʻoe e hana i kahi pā o ka ʻāina sod, a i ʻole ka wai, kahi pānio o ka lepo lepo a i ʻole ka compost, a pākaʻi one a me ke aniani o ka palaoa dolomite (ma ke ʻano he "deoxidizing agent" ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka lime fluff tradisyon). He mea maikaʻi e hoʻohui i ke aniani o ka lehu umu maʻamau (e hoʻomanaʻo wale i ka pono e maloʻo - ʻōpala, ua nalowale koke ia nā mea waiwai pono). Ma ke kānāwai, ua lawa ke ʻano o ka mea hoʻohui no nā beets, akā hiki iā ʻoe ke kau i kahi matchbox o superphosphate, e like me ka paʻakai pākolo a me kahi papa o nā manamana potash. Akā ʻo ka mea e pale ʻia ʻo ka nitrogen keu (he ʻōlelo, mai lawe pio ʻia me ka manure, ʻoiai inā ʻaʻole ia i pau ʻole ia) - kū mai kekahi mai loko mai o nā hua kanu.
Beetroot. © AtilinKe kanu
I ka hapanui pinepine, lūlū pololei ʻia nā hua ʻai i ka ākea ākea, i kahi mamao o 8-10 cm, kanu lākou iā lākou i ka lepo no kahi centimeter a me ka hapa. Ke ala kūpono a hōʻoiaʻiʻo ʻia. Eia nō naʻe, i loko o kā mākou kūlana, ʻaʻole ia e ʻae e hōʻili i nā hua mua. Inā makemake ʻoe e wikiwiki wikiwiki, e noʻonoʻo me kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo me nā kukama. I ka wā mua, ma waena o nā lālani o nā kukama, līlū i nā hua pīpī ma nā hua kanu. He kūpono kūpono ke kamaʻāina. A me ka hoʻomalolo o nā lehelehe i nā kukama, hoʻonohonoho hou i nā beets i kahi ākea. Ke kiʻi ʻana i nā hua kanu, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana iā ʻoe me nā ʻoki a ʻoki hoʻi i ka "ʻoho" lōʻihi o ke aʻa. Hoʻomaopopo kēia i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka hua kanu, ʻoiai ua hoʻomaka koke ka ninini ʻana, ma kahi o ka hele ʻana i ke kaula.
A inā hoʻoholo ʻoe e lūlū i nā hua ma kahi ākea, e hana i nā ʻōlelo ʻelua me ka hoʻomaha ʻana o nā hebedoma ʻelua. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo kekahi manawa maʻamau ka lāʻau mua. Inā popo nā mea puna i loko o ka pōkohiwi koke, hoʻomaka nā ʻuala e "pana", i nā ʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole lākou e kuhikuhi i ko lākou ola āpau e ninini i nā mea kanu me nā wai ʻono, akā, e hoʻokuʻu koke i ka pua pua a hoʻokuʻu i nā hua. Ma waho aʻe o nā hua ʻelua, e like me ke kānāwai, ʻoi aku ka huahana
Beetroot. © kekakiʻO ka mālama a me ka wai
No ka mālama ʻana i nā beets e wehe i ka wehe ʻana i ka honua, ka ʻoki ʻana, ka hoʻomu a me ka wai. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka uku uku i ka manawa a me nā manawa o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka mea kanu. E hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā mea kanu i hoʻokahi manawa i ka hebedoma, hoʻopau kālā he 10 lita o ka wai i 1 sq. Km. m. I ka hapalua o ke kauwela, i ka wā e hoʻomaka ai ka aʻa aʻa, i hoʻolako ʻia, aia i ka manawa wela, ua maloʻo, hoʻōlua ka wai, a ʻelua mau pule ma mua o ka pau ʻana o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana. I kekahi manawa ua hoʻolauna ʻia e hoʻohui i kahi paʻakai liʻiliʻi i ka wai no ka irrigation (kahi kihi ma kahi pāō), e noʻonoʻo ana i ka moʻomeheu i hiki mai ai iā mākou mai ka kahakai moana o ka moana, a ma kēia hana he nui nā maʻi. Akā, hoʻopaʻapaʻa maikaʻi kēia. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hānai i ka beets i ʻelua mau kauwela me nā pīkī paʻakikī - i ka hoʻomaka a me ka waenakonu o ka ulu ulu.
Beetroot. © ʻcholelo hulinaLaki
E ʻohi ʻia nā Beets i ka hopena o Kepakemapa. ʻAʻole paha pono e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka mālama ʻana i ka hua. ʻIke ka poʻe āpau e mālama maikaʻi ʻia kēia mea kanu i ka mahana o 2-3 "C. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ma kahi hale o ke kūlanakauhale ua paʻakikī ke loaʻa he wahi no ka nui o nā beets. No laila ua maʻalahi ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa koke. E ʻōlelo i nā wai. Holoi a hoʻomaloʻo maikaʻi i nā aʻa, ʻokiʻoki (pololei me ka ʻōpala) mauʻu a i ʻole cubes, e waiho i loko o ka ʻūwili, ninini i ke kō (300 g no 1 kg) a waiho no kahi lā mau lā ma kahi wahi. A laila waiho wale nō ia e hōʻiliʻili ai i ka wai a me ka hue i hāʻawi ʻia. Hiki iā ia ke kū i loko o ka friji a i ʻole ka hale ʻaʻa a hiki i ʻelua mau mahina. A inā makemake ʻoe e hoʻohiolo i ka wai no ka lōʻihi o ka manawa lōʻihi, a laila pono ʻoe e hōʻai hou i ka "ʻaina wela". Pono ʻoe e hana i ka mea like, e lawe wale i ka wai i kahi ʻōpala, hoʻolei koke koke mai ka wela, ninini i loko o nā ipu aniani a hoʻolilo paha i a me nā sila.
Hiki iā ʻoe ke hana hou iā ʻoe a me ke keke "kekona". Kuke i ke kōnila maʻamau (ʻekolu ʻāpana gula i loko o nā wai ʻelua), hoʻopiha iā lākou me ke koena "maloʻo", e pani paʻa i ka uhi a hoʻomoʻi iā lākou. A laila e hoʻolei i loko o nā kalai.
Beetroot. © kekeleNā Kumupaʻa kikowaena
Bohemia. ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā ʻano paila ʻano waena o "Behemia" no ka māla ʻana i nā kīhāpai māla. ʻO ka manawa mai ka hōʻiliʻili piha ʻana i ke koena o kēia ʻano pīpī he 70-80 mau lā. ʻO ke aʻa kolo a puni a puni, ʻōwili lau, ʻōni lehulehu. ʻO ka ʻiʻo ka makona, me ke kani ʻole, ka ʻōmole, ke ʻano palaka. ʻO ka nui o ka hua aʻa he 300-500 g. Beetroot ʻano “Bohemia” - kū i ka cercosporosis a me ka pua. ʻAʻole ia e koi a lahilahi. ʻO nā mea ākea i ka mālama mālama kiʻekiʻe i ka wā hoʻoilo hoʻoilo. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o Beetroot "Bohemia" i nā ʻāina momona a maikaʻi me ka pane ʻole. Ma nā kumu ikaika e pono ai ke ulu ma nā kai.
Boltardi. ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā Beet vari "Boltardi" (Holland) ma ka papa inoa mokuʻāina o ka Russian Federation no ka Central Central no nā māla launa, nā māla home a me nā mahiʻai liʻiliʻi. ʻO "Varit" Boltardi "kahi ʻōiwi pīpī mua a ua manaʻo ʻia no ka mālama a me ka hoʻoiho ʻana i ka wā lōʻihi. ʻO ke aʻa kolo he pōʻai, ʻōpiopio, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka ʻiʻo, me nā aniani nāwaliwali. ʻO ka nui o ka hua kanu he 160-367 g. He maikaʻi nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻāʻo. ʻO ka huahana o ka pihi Boltardi he 272-310 kg / ha. ʻO ke kumukūʻai o ka ʻano i nā hua kūpono, ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe, ke ʻano o ka hua kanu, a me ke kū'ē ʻana i ka pua.
Pūnaewele. ^ E Ha yM. ʻAno ʻia nā ʻano huakaʻi ʻo Beet “Bona” no ka hoʻohana hou ʻana no ka paʻale ʻana a me ka waiho ʻana. Beetroot "Bona" - pae waena waena. ʻO ke aʻa ākea o kēia ʻano pīpī, he ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula, pihi ke poʻo, ʻūmā liʻiliʻi, ʻeleʻele ka ʻiʻo, ʻūle, ʻona, me ka pena e like me ka pena. ʻO ka nui o ka hua aʻa he 250-280 g. Ua maikaʻi ka hoʻāʻo o ka meaʻono. ʻO ka waihona maloʻo maloʻo o 15,5%, hōʻemi nui o ka meli 12.0%. Hanaʻia 5.5-6.8 kg / sq.m. Kūlana kiʻekiʻe: ka huahana kiʻekiʻe a me ka mākeke, ka like o ka hua kanu, ka maikaʻi mālama pono.
Detroit. ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo Beetroot Detroit i ka papa inoa mokuʻāina no ke Central Central a ua ʻōlelo ʻia no ka mahi ʻai ʻana i nā māla lāʻau. Hōʻailona "Detroit" - nā kokoleka waena waena. ʻO ke kumu lahilahi o Detroit i hoʻopuni, pulu, ʻulaʻula me ke kumu lāʻau koʻikoʻi ʻoki a pōkole loa, ʻeleʻele ka ʻiʻo, me ka hā ʻole. ʻO ka nui o nā lau o ke aʻa he 111-212 g. He maikaʻi ka hoʻāʻo. ʻO ka waiwai o ka pīpī Detroit ka hopena a me ka mākeke, kū mai ke kūwaho, kū tetee o ka mea kanu i ka pua, ʻoiai ke ʻano o nā hua a me ko lākou kūpono no ka mālama, mālama pono.
Larka. ^ E Ha yM. Nāhelehele waena waena o Holane. Hoʻolaha ʻia no ke kaʻina hana a me ka mālama lōʻihi. ʻO ke aʻa kolo he pōpō, ʻulaʻula uliuli, ʻōpiopio ma ka nui, ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka ʻiʻo, me nā aniani maʻalahi. ʻO ka nui o ka hua aʻa he 140-310 g. He maikaʻi nā hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi. ʻO ke kumukūʻai o ka nui ʻōleʻa o Larka he hua nui, he aloha i nā aʻa aʻa, kūʻē i ka pua, kūpono i ka ʻoki ʻana i ka mīkini, a me ka mālama lōʻihi. Wahi a ka mea hoʻokumu, no ka pūʻulu o nā ʻano ʻano me ka hiki i ka hiki ke wehe i nā radionuclides mai ke kino.
Libero. ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka mea kanu Libero ma ka papa inoa mokuʻāina no ka Central Central no nā kīhāpai, nā kīhāpai hale a me nā mahiʻai liʻiliʻi. Hoʻolaha ʻia no ka hana ʻana a me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā huahana beam mua. ʻO ka ʻano Libero kahi pālea ʻōpiopio ʻōpiopio. ʻO ke aʻa kolo, puni, ʻulaʻula, uliuli ka ʻiʻo, aneane ʻike ʻole nā apo, ʻā, ua palupalu ke poʻo. ʻO ka nui o ka hua aʻa he 125-225 g. ʻO ia ke kūleʻa e pale i ka pana. ʻOno maikaʻi. ʻO ke kumukūʻai o nā mea kūpono he hua kiʻekiʻe, ke kūkulu wikiwiki ʻana i nā hua kanu no ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka pai, ka like ʻana o nā hua kanu, ko lākou ʻono maikaʻi, ka pale kūleʻa ʻana i ka pana.
Beetroot. © ʻcholelo hulinaNā maʻi a me nā maʻi ʻeha
Keokeo keʻokeʻo. ^ E Ha yM. I ka wā ulu nui, e hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻili a me nā lau haʻahaʻa o nā mea kanu. E lilo nā ʻili i hoʻopili ʻia, lilo i wai, a uhi ʻia me ka mycelium keʻokeʻo e like me nā kaʻi. I ka wā lulu, nā condens mycelium, huli i ka sclerotia ʻokoʻa o nā ʻano like ʻole.
Grey pala. ^ E Ha yM. Kuhi ʻia nā pua oval a oʻala paha i nā lau melemele i kālai ʻia.
Peronosporosis, a i ole luʻu ʻāʻī. ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻoulu ka maʻi ma nā lau: ʻike ʻia nā wahi kūlou ma ka ʻaoʻao o luna ma ka hoʻomaka, a laila huli lākou i ka melemele kukui, angular, aila ʻulaʻula, a laila huli hoʻi i ka brown, nā pakanu hina-hina i ka ʻaoʻao ma lalo o nā wahi.
ʻOihana nāʻuila (beetroot corneed). Hoʻomaʻamaʻa pinepine ʻia, hōʻike ka maʻi iā ia iho i nā lepo kaumaha a me ka waikawa, me nā mānoanoa pōkole a i ka ua māla. Nā hana o ke kaohi - ka hoʻohana nui ʻana o nā mea kanu kūlohelohe, ka wehe ʻana o ka lepo i ka wā o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka pūpū ma kona ihu i ka wā o nā hua kanu, ka ʻaihue huakaʻi.
ʻĀnipine Cercosporosis beets. Ma nā lau kahiko o ka beets ua ʻike ʻia nā wahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo maloʻo me kahi palena ʻulaʻula. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo ka lau make. Pono e kanu ʻia nā lāʻau i kēlā me kēia 7-10 lā me ka hoʻomākaukau o ka keleawe (kele keleawe - 0.4%).
Beetroot Flea. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ka lāleʻa pōpilikia weliweli loa. Ke lele nei lākou, ʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele me kahi hiehie metallic, 1.5-2.2 mm lōʻihi. ʻO nā hua ʻāpana he melemele, elongated-oval, 0.6-0.7 mm lōʻihi. Ke keʻokeʻo a maemae, ʻeleʻele-poʻo, 1.5-2.2 mm ka lōʻihi.
Medvedka. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO kahi pōpoki brown nui (lōʻihi a 50 50 mau lōʻihi) me ka ʻeli ʻana i nā wāwae a me ka elytra pōkole wale. Ka pālahalaha ākea a pākaʻi ʻia ʻo ia. ʻO nā maʻi ʻelua a me nā hua ʻōnaehana maikaʻi ʻole. Mālama i nā ʻāpana ma ka papa o ka lepo, ʻili lākou i nā aʻa a me nā kumu o nā mea kanu.
Gall nematode. ^ E Ha yM. I nā aʻa ʻōpio, hoʻomake ke ʻano o nā pōpoki i ka ulu ʻana o nā io i loko o ke ʻano o nā ʻano ʻano aniani o ka ʻanuʻu, a hiki i ka nui o kahi walnut. Holo i lalo kāhea ʻia ʻo Gauls. Me ka pōʻino koʻikoʻi, make ka mea kanu.
Wireworms, a i ʻole nā mea ʻalani. ʻO ka pōʻino weliweli o nā mea kanu lāʻau, ʻo ia ka larva o kahi nutcracker. Hoʻāliʻiliʻi ke kino o ke koʻo i ka puʻu, ʻekolu mau pōkole o nā wāwae pōkole, 10-25 mm lōʻihi, ʻeleʻele a i ʻole ka palaʻai i ʻōniʻi.
Ke ʻauʻau hoʻoilo. ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā kōnika i nā hua kanu a me nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka lepo, e hānai i nā lau a me nā hua kanu, hana i nā lua i waena o ka hope.
Kāhu Kālepa. ^ E Ha yM. He poʻo-ʻulaʻula hina ka poli a ka poli, nā pihi manu he 45-50 mm. Aia ma nā ʻaoʻao ākea i kahi hiʻohiʻona o nā kālai aʻeleʻele a me nā wahi. ʻO ka pōʻino e hōʻeha ʻia e kā lākou pili. He ʻōmaʻomaʻo nā ʻeke ʻo nā ʻōpiopio, he hina-ʻōmaʻomaʻo nā ʻelemakule, ʻelima a hiki i ke ono o nā makahiki he ʻono, a hiki i ka 50 mm ka lōʻihi.
Beetroot. © slettvetʻO nā Beets kahi mea kanu maikaʻi loa! Hoʻokomo ʻia ka hua pakiaka pīpī ma hope o nā kāloti. Hoʻohana ʻia ia no ka kuke ʻana i ka borsch, salads, vinaigrettes a me ke ʻano hoʻi i ke ʻano ʻai no nā kīʻaha ʻai. ʻAʻole pālahalaha nui, akā nā ʻili a ʻohi a ʻohi i nā beets. Ua ulu ʻoe i nā beets?
