Pehea e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ai i ka māla o ke aniani codling?

I mea e mālama pono ai i nā mea kanu mai nā pōpilikia, pono ʻoe e ʻike i kā lākou biology. Mālama kēia ʻike i ka maikaʻi a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka pōʻino i ke kanaka e hoʻohana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau no ka hoʻomake ʻana o ka maʻi pōpilikia. Hōʻike ia i kekahi manawa e like me ka hana ʻia o nā mea a pau e like me nā ʻōlelo loea, a e ulu mau ana nā pōpoki.

Hoʻokomo pū kekahi pōpilikia pōpilikia o nā ʻūhā i kekahi o nā pōpoki, ʻo kekahi o nā ʻano ʻehā o ka huaʻomaka, ʻāpala (ʻĀpana), hoʻopau ʻia nā kīlaha, nā ʻōpala, a me nā kumulāʻau i ka manawa like. ʻO nā pōʻino o ka hua plum, ma kahi o nā plums, cherries, cherries, plums cums a me nā pīkī. ʻO ka mākuhū penia no ka pūʻulu o nā pōpoki kūikawā a hoʻopau wale ka pōpō.

Wāwae ʻehū ākea i ka nectarine ʻōpio. © michiganplum

ʻO ke ʻōpiopio o ke holo ʻana o ka moʻo ʻana codling

I loko o ka holo ʻana o ke kauā codling, ka palupalu a palupalu a ma ka manawa like o nā mea e ʻoi loa ka mea maikaʻi loa. ʻO ko lākou luku ʻia - ka wā kūpono o ka mālama ʻana i nā pōpoki. Hiki iā ʻoe ke mākaʻikaʻi i ko lākou helehelena me ka helu ʻana i ka manawa o ka poʻe mākalākena e lele ana, e waiho ana i ka hua a me ka hoʻomohala i nā hua lāʻau mai loko mai o lākou - kū maikaʻi ʻia kēlā me kēia, hiki iā ia ke hōʻino a hiki i ka 5-6 huaʻai, a me nā mea āpau - a hiki i ka 90% o ka hua.

ʻO ka ʻano māla o ka honu codling he mau pōpō, ke kauwela o ia e pili pū me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pua o nā hua hua like.

Hopu aʻaokeʻo Oriay, a i ʻole ʻokiʻoki peach, (Grapholita molesta). © Eric LaGasa

Hoʻopau nā kukupu i kā lākou ulu a me ka hoʻoilo i ka niu. ʻO ko lākou nui ka umauma mai ke aniani he mm e 5-7 mm (plum) a hiki i kahi 2.0 cm (ʻĀpelu). Aia nā mea āpau i ka hina hina-ʻulaʻula a me nā hiʻohiʻona a i ʻole nā kihi ʻihi o nā ʻēheu. Ma ka ulu pua a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka ulu o nā ovaries, nā wahine, ʻoiai ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o nā niu, waiho i nā hua i loko o nā ovaries, ma luna o nā hua, nā lau o nā lāʻau. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka lele ma nā niu pōkole ma nā lāʻau lāʻau, ma lalo o ka pā a i ʻole a aneʻi paha i ka manawa - ʻo ka hopena wela o Mei. Kūkā nā maʻi a me nā pōpilikia - he mau poʻe ko lākou i ke keena hoʻomohala ʻana, akā ʻaʻole lākou i hōʻeha. I ke kakahiaka, pani i nā pata i 200 huaʻai, hoʻohele iā lākou i nā manawa he nui ma nā lau, ovaries, a me nā hua. ʻO kekahi, ke mālama nei i ke ola o ka hanauna, ua uhi lākou i ka masonry me nā lau, e hoʻopili ana iā lākou i ka hua ulu me ko lākou mea huna.

Ma hope o ka lā 7-10 lā, e hānai nā anuʻu i ka lau ma mua, ma hope o ka manawa e neʻe lākou i ka ʻōpū, ʻōpala i ka ʻiʻo, waiho i kā lākou ulu ʻana i loko, a kaʻe i loko o kahi hua ʻē aʻe. Ua pāhola ʻia nā ʻāpana a me nā hapa o nā hua ʻōpio a pau i nā hua.

I kekahi pa, nā kumua mai nā mea hoʻopake, nā mommified huaʻa i neʻe i ka lepo, pupate a hoʻomaha a hiki i ka pūnāwai. I ka pūnāwai o ka makahiki e hiki mai ana, ma kahi o 35-45 mau lā ma hope o ka ulu ʻana, hoʻomaka ka holo ʻana o ka popo pipi a hoʻomaka ka hilo mai ka hoʻomaka.

ʻO ke ʻano o ka ʻōpū i hoʻopili ʻia e ka ʻōpala. © Aupuni o Western Australia

ʻAʻole e like me nā pēs nā pupu, nā ʻuala a me nā huaʻai ma ka palu i loko o ka mekamā, kahi mau ola ola ʻoi aku ka 16 a hiki i 45 lā, mai nā mea weliweli ma ka lā mua e hoʻi lākou i ka lei o ka lāʻau. Mai nā hua i ʻoki ʻia i ka lāʻau a mai nā mea hoʻomā, hele nā ʻōmū i nā hua ʻē aʻe, kahi e ʻai ai ka hua a me ka pulupula. I ka hiki ʻana aku i ka ulu ʻana, waiho lākou i nā hua, ma kahi wahi i waiho ʻia ai ka niu kahi i hoʻokumu ʻia ai kahi chrysalis, a i nā lā 8-36 e ola ai ka hanauna hou. Hōʻike pinepine ʻia kēia alikoli 2-3 mau manawa a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā lā hoʻoilo malū, ua waiho ka hanauna hope o nā anu i ka hua o ke ʻimi i kahi wahi e hoʻoilo ai a hiki i ka makahiki hou. ʻO ka pūnāwai e hiki mai ana, i ka wā e mahana ai ka ea i kahi mahana mau o + 10ºС, hoʻāla ʻia ka ʻōpala nui i uluhua, ulana i kahi kulu a lilo i pupae, a laila i loko o nā ʻuala, kahi e hoʻomaka ai e waiho i ka hua ma hope o nā lā 2 mau lā.

No laila, he kupu lōʻihi e waiho ana i nā hua i ka lōʻihi. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā kukuna i kahi ola ikaika, e ʻai nui ana. ʻO lākou nā pilina palupalu i ka neʻe ʻana o ka hoʻomohala o ka uluna codling, kahi maʻalahi e luku wale. ʻO nā mea nui o kā lākou wrecking nui loa:

ka puka ʻana o nā lau mai ka hua a me ko lākou meaʻai i mua o ka noho ʻana ma mua o nā huaʻai,
kahi hanauna o nā kōpipī e waiho ana i ka hua ma ke huli ʻana o ka hoʻoilo.

Hoʻopiʻi i ka pōpō pīpī. © Chris R.

I ka wā mahana (Mei - waena o Kepakemapa) ma nā wahi like ʻole, lele ka lele ʻana i nā pōpoki a i ka 2 - 4 mau manawa, i kekahi manawa ke komo ʻana (ʻaʻole i pau, ua hoʻomaka ka lua), ka mea i hāʻawi like i ka ʻike like ʻole i ka māla o nā mea āpau o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hua lāʻau. No laila, me ka mālama hoʻokahi, hiki ʻole ke hōʻoki loa i ka lepa codling. ʻO ia ka hewa nui o nā mea māla. Pono e hilahila ʻia ka launa lāʻau.

ʻO ka mālama mua ʻia e lawe ʻia aku i nā lā 8-10 ma hope o ka lele mua o ka palupalu, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma ka hopena o Mei (inā maloʻo a wela hoʻi) ka umauma mua o Iune, ʻo ka lua - ma hope o 2-3 mau pule a ʻo ke kolu ma hope o kekahi mau hebedoma 2-3. Ma ke kūkulu hema, kahi e ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke anuanu, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokō i ka mālama ʻana no ka 4.

Nā hopena no ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka hokeʻo codling i ka māla

ʻO ka manaʻo ma ka mākeke codling ma ka māla hiki ke maʻalahi i ka maʻalahi e ka hua i hoʻopōʻino ʻia, a ua i ka pūnāwai, ʻike ʻoi i ka biology o ka lolo, e hoʻomaka i ka hakakā ʻana i ka pūpū.

Hiki iā ʻoe ke koho i ka manawa o ka haʻalele mua ʻana i nā pōpoki ma ka waiho ʻana i nā niu i ka wā e nānā ana i nā kumulāʻau i ka pūnāwai a hoʻonohonoho ʻana paha i nā ipu, nā papa hohonu me nā mea kvass ʻala ma lalo o nā kumulāʻau. Hoʻokahi pōpō pipi i kona wā o kona ola i ka hanauna o 40-200 mau kope, e kau ana i ka 1-2 hua manu ma ka lau, ovary, hua.

ʻO ka lemi kīʻaha a i ʻole hua manu e loaʻa ana he hōʻailona ia e hoʻomaka i ka hoʻoiho ma hope o nā lā 8-10.

ʻO ka Caterpillar o ka Plum Moth (Grapholita funebrana). © Todd M. Gilligan lāua ʻo Steven C. Passoa

Kukūmū plum moth (Grafolita funebrana)
. ^ E Ha yM. © ʻO Donald Hobern

Palapala ʻia i ka pōpōpō. © Patrick Clement

ʻO ka helu a me ka manawa o ka mālama mahina ʻai

I loko o nā māla me nā hana pale o kēia wā, he mea pono ke nānā i nā make i kēia hope, e hoʻohana ana i ka mākaukau a me nā mākaukau ʻolaola:

ka mālama mua ʻana ma Iune 1-12 me nā ʻōmole hana e hoʻopau i ka hanauna mua o nā kuʻuna
e luku i ka lua o ka hanauna, helu lākou i nā lā 25-30 mai ka mālama mua ʻana a ma ka lā 10 o Iulai (+ ... - 3 mau lā), hana i ka lāʻau i ke kekona no kahi ʻano like ʻole o nā kemika,
ka nui o ka ʻohi ʻohi ma nā ʻōpū (he mau hanauna) e nānā ʻia mai ka hapalua o Iulai; nolaila, mai Iulai 18-20, a hiki i ka la 1 o Augate, e laweia ana kekahi laanini like ole, aka, me na mea ola kino; i waena, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohui i nā lāʻau lapaʻau me nā decoction o nā mea kanu (nā ʻano loea)

No ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka uku o ka nui o nā lāʻau lapaʻau ma ka lāʻau, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau mai nā lālani codling (ʻāwīwī) me nā ʻano like ʻole o nā pōpoki.

Nā ala e pale ai i ka māla mai ka pūpū codling

Hiki i ka lāʻau mai nā pepeke ke mālama i nā ʻano like ʻole:

hoʻolahalaha ʻole a pilikino,
kemikū, hoʻohana i nā pesticides; aka, e hoʻomanaʻo mau: he lāʻau hōʻemi kūpono a maikaʻi paha e hōʻino i ke olakino o nā ʻohana a me nā holoholona,
koi ola, e hoʻohana ana i nā bioinsecticides ʻaʻole i hōʻino i ke olakino o nā kānaka, nā holoholona, nā manu a me nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka ʻoi,
folk: decoction o nā mea kanu, ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe o ka laʻa codling (nā manu a me nā mea hihiu maikaʻi).

ʻO ka hika waiona o ka Apple Codling Moth (Cydia pomonella). © Joachim K. Lockener

ʻO ka ʻaoʻao ʻāpana o kahi ʻōpū ma kahi hoʻopā. © Aupuni o Western Australia

Kukūmū manu Codling (Cydia pomonella). © Olaf Leillinger

Nā hanana Agrotechnical

ʻO ka hemo scavenger wehe i ka wā e ulu nui ana. Ma mua o ka ʻohi ʻana i ka mea hoʻopiʻi, e lūlū ʻia nā kumulāʻau e hāʻule nā hua i ʻino ʻia.

Hōʻailona a me ka puna wai nānā a hoʻomaʻemaʻe lāʻau mai ka ʻōpala kahiko lā (identifying o cocoons), hoʻoponopono hou ʻana i nā hōʻeha, ka lawe ʻana i nā maʻi palala, nā lālā maloʻo. keokeo a me nā lālā pālio. Inā ʻike ma ka ʻike 1 mau honu, ma hope o nā lā 8-10, e hoʻomaka ana ka hana.

E hōʻoia e hoʻopili i ka lola māla nā kāʻei haokēpaʻa me ka pauna palaʻai a i ʻole ka hopena. ʻAʻole maloʻo ka lem a lawelawe i kahi ʻano maikaʻi maikaʻi i ka mākaʻi a me nā mea pōpoki ʻē aʻe e holo ana i kahi kumu lāʻau. Ke hoʻololi nei nā kumukūʻai i hoʻokahi mahina mai ka puna a i ka hopena o ka hopena. Pākuʻi - wela.

Inā mālama ʻia ka lepo ma lalo o nā kumulāʻau i ke kūlana o ka'āina, a laila e hāʻule kāeli ma ke kaʻe. ^ E Ha yM. Me nā eli ʻana me ka leʻa, ʻaʻole i emi ka aʻa, ʻoiai ʻo nā ʻōpio e ulu nui ana. Hoʻomaka ka hana ʻana mai ka ʻōpū (5-10 cm), hohonu i ka leʻa o ka lei (15-20 cm).

Ma kahi o ka pauka ma lalo o nā kumulāʻau, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka kanu ʻana i nā ʻōpala hihiu me ka ʻala lāʻau, ʻona, ka momona, nā mea kanu hua kāloti a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe no ka E hoʻohiʻona i nā ʻenemi kūlohelohe kūwaho (holo holo kaʻa, trichograms, kunu lele).

I ka māla opio i nā alahele hiki ke ulu kamato. ^ E Ha yM. ʻAʻole hiki i ka ʻae ke ʻae i kā lākou ʻona a waiho i ka ʻāina.

Hoʻopili ka hikina codling i nā peach. © Ke Kulanui Clemson

Ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kanu

I nā māla home hiki ʻole ʻoe e hoʻohana i nā pesticides. No ka wikiwiki (ʻo ka wā i hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia a maʻemaʻe ka mākeke, me nā mea a nā mea nona), hiki iā mākou ke aʻo iā ʻoe e kūʻai wale aku i nā lāʻau me ka manawa pōkole loa, ʻo ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e like me ka pau ʻana o ka helu. Hoʻohana iā lākou no ka mea mua, ma nā makahiki epiphytotic - no ka mālama lua. A laila e hoʻololi i nā huahana olakino.

ʻO nā mea kemika, ʻo ka mea liʻiliʻi e hoʻopōʻino i ka ʻohiʻohi o ka māla o nā mea kanu: kinmix, senpai, bankol, mospilan, sonnet, decis, spark-M, alatar, intavir. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā lāʻau lapaʻau hou: coragen, match, insegar. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia e hoʻohana i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana no nā kānaka pākahi, akā hoʻopiʻi kā tank o nā mea kanu 2-3. Pono e hoʻōla ʻia ka pipi.

Ke hana nei me nā pesticides, pono e nānā pono i nā loiloi a hahai iā lākou. ʻAʻole e hoʻonui i ka neʻe ʻana o ka hoʻonā, a ʻole e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā hopena o ka mālama ʻana, akā e luku ia i kahi hapa o nā holoholona kūpono. Pono ʻoe e hana pū me nā mea ʻaha i nā lole kūikawā a, pau ka hana, hana ʻoe, ʻauʻau, hoʻololi i nā lole, inu waiū (ʻaʻole waina!).

Ke hoʻololi nei ke ʻano o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o nā ʻano wai. Hoʻohana koke nā lāʻau i kekahi mea pesticides a ʻaʻole e pane i nā lāʻau lapaʻau.

Nā huahana biological

Hoʻomoe ʻia nā hana biological ma luna o ke kumu maikaʻi o ka microflora maikaʻi. ʻAʻole lākou e hōʻino i ka olakino kanaka a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i (a i kekahi manawa) a ma ka wā ʻokiʻī. Pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia e hana wale ana nā huahana biololi i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe + 18 ° С a kiʻekiʻe a ʻo kā lākou mau i ka palena o nā kumu o waho. E holoi maʻalahi lākou e ka wai i ka wā o ka ua a hoʻoinu. No laila e hoʻonui nui ʻia ka nui o nā lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻoiai he mea pono ia e hoʻihoʻi iā lākou ma hope o ka puhi ʻana.

ʻO nā huahana biio, he waiwai nā bioinsecticides: phytoverm, lepidocide, bitoxibacillin, actofit, acarin, dendrobacillin a me nā mea'ē aʻe. Hoʻomoe ʻia ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o nā hoʻonā a me ka paʻi ʻana o ka māla i ka lā maloʻo, i ke ahiahi. Pono nā ana palekana i ka hana: nā kūloko, nā aniani.

Ka hoʻonohonoho o ka hana hoʻohui

Hāʻawi ʻia ka hopena koʻikoʻi nui e nā ʻōnaʻi hoʻomalu ʻōpiopio piha loa e pili ana i nā wā hana. Hoʻolaha ʻia nā hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua o 2 me nā tank wai hoʻohuihui, a me nā 2 aʻe e mālama ʻia me ka bioinsecticides. Hoʻohana ʻia ka lepidocide me phytoverm ma hope o 2 mau pule - bitoxibacillin a actophyte paha. Ma ke ala (inā ua ka nui ka la) hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā mākaukau olakino no ka mālama ʻana i ka māla me ka huina o 7-8 mau lā a ma nā wā hope aku (ka wā o ka hua). Me ka bioprocessing ulu (ʻoi aku ka wā e mālama ai i ka mahiʻai olakino) hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana, i ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka agrotechnical, a me nā ʻano o nā kānaka o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka lehe.

ʻAno poʻe kuʻi e hoʻoulu i ka pepe

Ma ka mālamaʻana i nā mea kanu i ka aina hiki ʻole ke hoʻohana i nā mea make lāʻau. ʻO kēia nā mau mea ponoʻī e hiki ke make. Ma lalo iho nei he mau infusion a me decoction o nā mea kanu me nā mea inikini insecticidal e pōʻino ʻole i nā kānaka.

ʻO ka bawang.

Hoʻopau i ka 30-50 g o ka umauma umauma ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma 10 l o ka wai (hiki iā ia ke maʻamau me ka hoke ʻole o ka waiwai) ʻōleʻa pōkā pulu.

Mustasa

Hoʻololi i ka 100 g mustard paukika i loko o kahi pā o ka wai wela, e koi a kāohi i nā kumulāʻau no kahi lā i ke ʻano o ke kau ʻana a me ka ulu ʻana i nā ovaries ma hope o nā lā 3-4.

Marigolds.

Kahu ʻia ka ʻōpū ākea o ka lawehala ma luna o ka marigold a kāpī ʻia i ka ʻūhā ma ke ana o 500 g / 10 l o ka wai kai, e kānalua ma hope o ka hoʻoilo. Hoʻopiliʻia i ka pūnāwai me ka hoʻoilo ʻole ʻia, i ke kauwela ua hōʻemi ʻia ke kiʻi e kahi hoʻoheheʻe o 1: 3 a i ka hāʻule - 1: 2 Hoʻopau nā tincture kīwī o ka marigold i 9 mau ʻano o nā pōpoki, e komo pū ka ʻūhū a me ka ʻōpū ʻana: nā semu, nā aphids, nā ʻōpala, nā pipi, nā nematodes, nā blackberry mites a me nā mea'ē aʻe.

Nā ʻōpala o nā tōmato.

Mai ka wā hāʻule, ua mākaukau nā ʻōpala maloʻo. I ka pūnāwai, ua ninini ʻia ka 2 kg o ka maloʻo maloʻo no 10 mau hola me kahi pahu o ka wai wela. Nui ʻia. Ma mua o ka pipi ʻana, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia 2 manawa. Hiki ke mālama ʻia ka hopena i loko o ka pahu i pani ʻia a hiki i 3-4 mau pule. Hiki i kahi ʻāpana ʻokaʻohana ke hoʻohana no kekahi o ka pīpī ʻana.

Kahiki.

Hoʻopili ʻia ka wai momona i ka wai me ka wai e hoʻolapalapa ai a paʻa i nā lā 2-3. ʻO 1/3 o ka pālepa o ka mauʻu ʻami ʻia pono ʻia i kahi pā o ka infusion. Ma mua o ka hoʻohanaʻana, ua kānana ʻia ka infusion, i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia 1: 3 a mālama ʻia me nā lāʻau.

E Ka Heluhelu Aloha! Me ke kānalua ʻole, ma kāu arsenal i kekahi mau ala ʻē aʻe, nā mana no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā hua ʻai mai nā pōpoki. E ʻoluʻolu e haʻi i kāu ʻike.