Walnut - ka berena o ka wā e hiki mai ana

Manaʻo kanaka, ʻo ka ʻepekema ke ao holoʻokoʻa. Kui maoli kona nānā ʻana i nā mea ai meaʻai. Kupanaha, akā ma kahi o 120 mau makahiki i hala aku nei, ua loaʻa kēia nā meli maʻamau, a ua hiki ke hoʻopiha i kona hemahema me ka meli a me nā hua wale nō.

ʻO ka hokeʻo Cane ka lelo, kahi aneane hiki ʻole ke loaʻa, a me ka moʻomeheu pīpī liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi i loko o ia mau makahiki he hana wale nō. I ka manawa like, ua loaʻa ka haneli i ka ikaika o ke koa. Ma kahi o 200 makahiki i hala, ua lilo kahi mea kanu mai kahi mamao aku o Kili, ka ʻuala, i mea e lanakila ai i ka wā ma Europa. Ano eia kēia ko mākou berena ʻelua! Akā ka mea i manaʻo nui i ka manaʻo kanaka hana hemahema o ke kanaka no ka pilikia o ke kolu o ka ʻai - ka berena o ka wā e hiki mai ana. I loko o kekahi o nā kūkākūkā, 'Ivanleloʻo Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin, e lilo kēia ʻai i ka hua.

Lāʻau lāʻau © Tesupermat

Akā he aha ke ʻano o nā peʻa ke kamaʻilio nei mākou? Ma hope o nā mea he nui, he nui nā mea o lākou: walnut wai a me ka honua, ʻeleʻele a me ka hina, Manchu a me Kalmyk, niu a me ka almond, cedar a me beech, chekalkin a Siebold, maalea a me ka wahaheʻe. I kahi huaʻōlelo, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka papa inoa i nā mea āpau.

Eia nō naʻe, inā e kamaʻilio e pili ana i kēia me ka ululāʻau mai Carpathian a i ʻole ʻIulawaka, e ʻōlelo maoli nō lākou ua loaʻa iā Michurin i kā lākou huaʻala: Voloshsky, a i ʻole Walnut. ʻAʻole e maʻalahi ke kuhi ʻole iā ia. Aia ma ka launa mua ʻole me ka nut Voloshsky, a i ʻole ka walnut, hiki iā ʻoe ke hana maʻalahi me kēia lāʻau lāʻau ʻole. He lōʻihi kona ia, a hiki i ka nui o kahi lāʻau nui, a hua nui i ka hua, ʻaʻohe like me ke ʻano o ka lāʻau, a he nui nā waiwai o kona mau lau. Aia nā hua ʻē aʻe o ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia, me ke kumu ʻole e kāhea ʻia lākou i ka hale liʻiliʻi. ʻO wai ka mea ʻike ʻole i kā lākou ʻono maikaʻi? Ma ka ʻike caloric a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana e ke kino o ke kanaka, ʻaʻole lākou e haʻahaʻa i nā huahana he nui o nā kumu o nā holoholona: pili lākou i ka 75 pakeneka o ka momona kiʻekiʻe-calorie a ma kahi o 20 pakeneka o ka protein.

Noho nā lāʻau Walnut 400-500 mau makahiki, a pinepine a hiki i 1000-2000 mau makahiki. No nā makahiki he ʻumi mau makahiki, ua kū mai kahi walnut nunui ikaika ma ke kauhale Georgian o Martkobi, kokoke i Tbilisi.

ʻO nā hua o ka wōnati.

Walnut i ka hua. © Häfele

Kōkuhi walnut i loko.

Ma kahi kokoke i kēlā me kēia makahiki, 200-300, a i ʻole 500 kilokama o nā huaʻai, ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia mai hoʻokahi lāʻau lāʻau walnut. Elima mau lāʻau e hana i ka aila e like me ka hectare o ka lā. A me ka aila ʻaila! ʻO 20-25 mau momona wale nō e lawa ai ka pono o kahi kanaka i kēlā me kēia lā no nā momona, a aneane hoʻokahi aono hapaha - no nā protein.

ʻO kēia ka mea hiki i kahi lāʻau walnut ke hāʻawi i nā pono o ka calorie o ke kino kanaka no kahi makahiki hoʻokahi. Eia kekahi, loaʻa i nā nati nā kalai, nā tannins a me nā minelala, nā aila pono e pono ai no ka pono maʻamau. Ma ka hope loa, he waiwai nui lākou i nā vitamona. Ma ka ʻike o ka huaora C wale nō, ʻo 8 mau aniani he 8 mau kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā currant ʻeleʻele a me 50 mau manawa i ʻoi aku ma mua o nā hua o nā mea kanu citrus. Hoʻokahi hoʻokahi tone o kāna hua i ka wai no ka nui o ka nui o ka nui C no 300 tausani kānaka, ʻo ia hoʻi ka lehulehu o kekahi kūlanakauhale nui. ʻO ka hona o ka noke unripe ke ʻano he ʻelua mau lā o kēia ʻano momona no ka pākeke. Eia kekahi, i kahi walnut - kahi hui holoʻokoʻa o nā nui o nā huaora: nā hui B, P, ka carotene, a me ka puʻupuʻu. A nui nā hua o kēia mau mea i hōʻiliʻili i loko o ka pahu walnut a me kāna ʻili, lau.

ʻŌpio walnut ʻōpiopio.

Hāʻawi ka huaola B i ka decompposite i ke kino o ke kanaka pyruvic acid, e hōʻuluʻulu i loko o nā ʻōpū a hana i ka hoʻoluhi. No laila, ua ʻokiʻoki ʻia kahi halekikena Georgian - sausages, nā mea kolo i nā ʻōpala i kuke ʻia i loko o ka hua waina, ua lōʻihi ke kuleana i loko o ka Caucasus. Mālama maikaʻi ʻia kēia huahana ʻona nui a hoʻopakele maikaʻi ʻia i ke ola ʻana, ʻaʻole ia no kekahi mea a lākou i hāʻawi hou ʻia ai e nā koa Caucasia, a i kēia manawa e komo pū i loko o nā meaʻai o nā astronau a me nā mea haʻuki e pau nui ana i ka ikaika. Hoʻohana ʻia nā nuts i kēia manawa i nā keke maikaʻi loa, i nā manawaleʻa, nā halva, ka hau, ka ʻoni a me nā hua momona ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka ʻaila Walnut he mea momona nui a he momona maikaʻi. Wahi a ka mea kākau Helene Helene Pelekikena, ua papa aku nā kahuna o Babulona i nā kānaka maʻamau e ʻai i kēia mau ʻāpana, ke manaʻo nei he mea waiwai nui nā hana noʻonoʻo kanaka.

Eia naʻe, e like me kā lākou e ʻōlelo nei, ʻaʻole ke kanaka e ola i ka papa wale nō. Mālama ʻia nā hana mana loa o nā loea maikaʻi o ke kenekulia i hala aku nei i ka waiwai nui o ka pīnaka paila, ʻaʻole ia e hāʻawi i ke aniani ākea, nā mālamalama a me ka hohonu.

Nā pua walnut. © Kālepaʻa

ʻOki walo, a Voloshsky, ʻala! Akā e like me ke kū nei i kēia manawa, ʻaʻole ia he Helene a ʻo Voloshsky. ʻO kona ʻāina maoli ʻo ia nā mauna o Central Asia, kahi i noho ai ʻo ia i nā wahi ākea. Mai loko mai o kēia mau ululāʻau nā hoʻomaka ʻana o kona neʻe ʻana i ka pahu kalepa, a ʻo nā ʻūlū puhikahi hoʻi o ka hui Tatar-Mongoli, kahi i manaʻo ai e lanakila ai i nā honua hou.

Ua manaoia ma Lūkia i hoike mai ai oia ma kahi o 1000 makahiki i hala aku nei, ua loaa aku nei ia mai Greece mai o ke alanui kalepa o kahiko "mai ka Varangians a hiki i ka poe Helene." Mai aneila mai mai kona inoa "Helene".

Ua kapa ʻia kēia ʻōla iā Voloshsky ma muli o kāna moʻomeheu koʻikoʻi ma Wallachia. Ma lalo o kēia inoa, lawe ʻia nā huahana kalepa mai laila aku e koho ma Kiev a me nā kūlanakauhale ʻē aʻe o Kievan Rus. ʻO nā kikowaena mua o kona ulu ʻana i kā mākou ʻāina e hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia i nā bastions o ka mua Kristiano o Kievan Rus - ka poʻe monisa ʻo Vydubetsk a me Mezhegorsky e kū nei ma ke ala "mai nā Varangians a me nā poʻe Helene" ma ka Dnieper ma luna a ma lalo o Kiev. Hāpai nā māla o nā māla i kēia mau walnuts me ka wiwo ʻole a me ka loaʻa ʻole o ka kūleʻa. Ke hiki mai nei ʻoe i kēia lā nui i nā lāʻau nui, ʻo ka hapa nui, e like me nā ʻōkuhi a pau, e like me ka ʻōlelo ʻana mai i nā ululāʻau, ua hoʻi hou i lalo o nā kumu o nā lāʻau walnut kahiko. He mea nui ia i nā hiʻohiʻona o lākou i hōʻike ʻia e nā ʻano he nui o nā hua lau, nā ʻano like ʻole like, ʻano, ʻaluna a mānoanoa, a me ka edible a me nā kahe.

Walnut Ovary. © Ke Alanui Slickers

Kēia mau ʻanoʻano o walnut e ʻike ʻia ma ka Caucasus wale nō, kahi āna i hana ʻia ai no nā mileniuma he nui, a i loko o kona nū kahiko, i nā kuahiwi o Kyrgyzstan wahi, kahi i noho nui ai nā nati walnut ma kahi o 50 tausani mau hekena.

Ke hoʻomaikaʻi nei i nā hua o ka walnut, ʻoiai, ʻaʻole mākou i ʻōlelo i kekahi mea e pili ana i ko lākou kumu mua. Hele ʻo ia me ka ʻōlelo ʻole e hoʻohiki i nā nati i kahi hanauna hou o ka lāʻau, akā e hoʻokō anei lākou i kēia hana i ke aahu lākou i nā ʻili kinipōpō, ʻokoʻa loa? Ma ka ʻaoʻao ma hope, ma ke kaʻao o ka walnut flaps, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa, me ka hoʻohana ʻana, no ka laʻana, kahi kihi o ke kuʻi, ʻo ka puka aniani i hāʻawi pono ʻia e ke ʻano; Inā ʻaʻole ia nona, hiki ʻole i kahi māi nāwaliwali ke uhao i nā lole ikaika.

Kūpī ʻia nā hua kanu i ka hoʻoilo i ka lepo ma ka hohonu o kahi o 10 sentimeter (pono ʻia e waiho iā lākou ma ka ʻaoʻao), i ka pūnāwai ulu pū. Ma ke kūlohelohe, ʻaʻole nā pua a pau, no ka mea ʻaʻole hana maoli nā ʻano kūpono no kēia. A ma waho aʻe hoʻi, i ka hoʻohui ʻana i ke kanaka, aia nō hoʻi kekahi mau mea lawaiʻa nona. Ke pohō nei i nā kumulāʻau lāʻau he nui i ka ulu ʻana o ka hana kūlohelohe, ʻāwili i kekahi manawa i ka ʻōpio i nā ululāʻau i ʻike me ko lākou ola nui a me ka mana ʻole.

Ua hōʻike mai iaʻu ʻo ke kanaka loea a laila ʻo Ivan Groev i ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Razgrad i kahi māla ulu i ulu ma ka hale o kahi ʻauʻau kahiko kahiko i kūkulu ʻia ma ka 16th kenekulia. No nā makahiki he nui, ua noho ka papa lepo o kahi lepo ma luna o kahi papau pāpala, kahi, ma ke ʻano o ka hoʻomau ʻana a me ka hamo ʻana, ua lilo i mea hana maikaʻi loa. Ma kēia wahi ulu a hina i nā hua o kahi lāʻau kahiko e kū kokoke kokoke ana. I kēia mau makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻomaka ka lāʻau ʻala ma luna o ka hale ponoi e hana i nā ohi mua o nā hua pā. ʻO kā kāna mau lāʻau, i hoʻopaʻa paʻa ai iā lākou iho ma luna o ka hale kiʻekiʻe, a hōʻea i ka nui o nā paʻu o ka hale hoʻolaʻa i ka ʻāina maoli, i hoʻokumu ʻia i loko o nā aʻa kahi paʻa ola kūʻokoʻa e mālama ana i nā lāʻau a me ko lākou kumu - ka hale mai ka luku ʻē aʻe.

ʻAʻole hiki i kekahi ke hōʻole i ka haʻi e pili ana i kekahi effeminacy o walnuts: ma ke kānāwai, he kumu lōʻo ia a hopohopo i kā mākou mau'āina kūkulu ʻākau. Uaʻike pinepine nā kānaka ʻepekema Soviet F. L. Schepotiev, A. M. Ozol, A. S. Yablokov a me nā poʻe ʻē aʻe i kēia hōʻea. Mahalo i kā lākou hana, ua ʻoki ʻia nā walnuts i ke kūkulu ʻākau o Ukraine, i loko o Moscow a hiki i loko o nā mokuʻo Baltic.

ʻO ka tricuspid fruit-nut leʻaleʻa kūikawā i waena o nā kānaka. I ka wā kahiko, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia he mea talisman, e lawe mai ana i ka waiwai a me ka momona.

ʻO ka manawa like loa o ka walnut kernel i loko o nā lolo o ka manawa i laila ma ke ʻano o nā curiosities. No laila, no ka laʻana, ua manaʻoʻiʻo nui ʻia nā nati ke noʻonoʻo i nā mea ola a hiki ke neʻe like me nā holoholona. ʻO ka luna ʻōlelo Helene hoʻi ʻo Plato, i kāna Dialogues ma Atlantis, kākau nui lākou i kākau ʻo walnuts i pakele mai nā mea koho, ke ʻoki nei i nā wāwae palupalu mai ka lālā i ka lālā. ʻO kekahi o nā mea nānā mua o ka Hikina, ʻo Sven Gedin, i ʻōlelo ma nā wahi mamao o ka ʻāina ʻo Gobi, ua ʻoki ʻia nā nati mai ke kumu lāʻau i loko o kahi kahe a me ka uē ʻana.

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