Mahalo i kaʻenehana honua a me ka hoʻolālā wikiwiki ʻana o ka holo kaʻa, i kēia lā hiki iā mākou ke hauʻoli i nā hua o nā mea kanu ʻaʻole ulu ʻole i ko mākou mau kūlana. Ma ka manawa like, makemake nui kekahi o lākou i ke komo ʻana i kā mākou papaʻai i kēlā me kēia lā. A he aha mākou e ʻike ai pehea e ulu ai kēia "kīwaha ma waho"?
ʻO ka Peduncle, kahi i ulu ai i ke ʻano o ka lei (ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka ʻohu-kazhu). Mai lalo mai, nā hua maoli i ka mauʻu cashew.
E haʻi aku kā mākou nūhou i nā hua 15 nā huahana i kaulana a pau. Me he mau mea lā, ʻaʻole i manaʻo ʻia he mau huaʻai kekahi o lākou, mai ka manaʻo nui o ka biology.
1. Kapakaʻeha
Nā KāpanaMa nā mākana, no ka laʻana, ʻaʻole ia he hua ma kahi āpau, akā haki ʻole nā pua o ka mea kanu mea kanu ʻoiʻoi. Inā ʻoe e ʻūhā, hiki iā ʻoe ke mahalo i nā pua keʻokeʻo o ka nani nani, a laila e koho i nā hua. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ua manaʻo ʻia ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o nā pua, no laila, ma ka maʻamau, ke kūʻai ʻana i nā capers kēne, kūʻai mākou iā ia, ʻaʻole ia pua pua o nā pua caper prickly.
Kohi o nā pua spiny caper.
ʻO ka capickly caper kahi mea kanu nani loa. Aia kona mau aʻa hohonu i ka wai, e ulu ana a hiki i 20 mika, ka lōʻihi o kona mau lālā i 1.5 mika. Noho ʻo ia i ka kūlohelohe ma nā pōhaku, ma nā poho o ka pā, no laila e hoʻopuka nui ana i ka mōʻaukala kuauhau o kona hale i loko o kona ʻāina - i Central Asia. Ua ulu ia ma kahi papa hana ʻoihana i kēia lā, ʻo ka mea nui loa i nā ʻāina o ka Hikina o ʻEulopa, a he nui nā kīʻaha i loko o nā kīʻaha me nā capers. I ka papa hana maʻamau no ka maʻa Olivier kaulana, ma ke ala, hoʻohana ʻia nā capers, ʻaʻole pickles. I ka ulu lāʻau, ulu ia i loko o Caucasus, Crimea, Kazakhstan.
2. Pūʻolo
Kaʻa lāʻau, nā hua lāʻau fiku.
ʻO ka wahi e hānau ai ka hua fiku e manaʻo ʻia ʻo India a me ke Mediterranean. Ke ulu nei kēia mau hua i nā subtropics ma nā lāʻau a i ʻole nā mea kanu nui, e hiki ana i ke kiʻekiʻe o ʻumi mau mika. Ma ka pili o nā kahawai, nā lāʻau fiku a i ʻole nā lau fula (nā inoa inoa ʻē no nā fiku) nā kumu lāʻau nānā ʻole. ʻO ke ʻano o nā pali hema o nā kuahiwi ke aloha nei i kēia mau mea kanu, kahi e hiki ai iā lākou ke ulu a hiki i 2000 mika ma luna o ke kai.
Kaʻu liʻiliʻi, a i ʻole Fika, a i ʻole nā hua kiko (Ficus carica).
Ma Lūkia, ua kanu ʻia nā fiku i nā wahi hema, a ʻo nā mea kanu i hoʻomohala nui i nā lāʻau fiku e loaʻa i Turkey, Greece, Tunisia, ʻAmelika Hema, Pokukala a me Italia. ʻAʻole kū kēia lāʻau i ka hau ma lalo -12 tikeleka Celsius. Akā hiki i nā hua fiku ke ulu me ka kūleʻa i ka home, me keʻano moʻomeheu. Nui nā lāʻau o ka lau i kālai ʻia ma mua o 3 - 4 mika.
E heluhelu e pili ana i ke ulu ʻana i nā hua i loko o ka paukū: ʻO ka puaʻa kahi mea inu waina.
3. Papau
Nāhele ʻāpana PapayaʻO ka lāʻau Melon, ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo nā hua peʻa e ulu ai, e puka mai mai Central America a me Mexico. ʻAʻole ʻae ʻo Papaya i nā mahana sub-zero, ʻoi ka mea haʻahaʻa loa, no laila e ulu wale ana ia i nā tropics. Ua like ka mea kanu me kahi lāʻau pāma, akā ʻaʻole naʻe. ʻO kēia lāʻau a hiki i 15 m kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ke anawaena o ka ʻōpū i loko o ka ʻōpū ma ke kumu he 30 cm, a hala ʻole nā lālā lateral.
Ke ulu nei i ka popo, a i ʻole nā melona lāʻau i kahi uluna (Carica papaya).
Kūkulu ʻia nā lau o ka papaya ma luna pono o ka ʻōpala a hiki ke ulu i mua o 90 cm ka lōʻihi. ʻO ka mea mahalo, he mau pua kāne a wahine wahine. Eia kekahi, ulu pinepine nā pua o kahi wahine hoʻokahi i ka lāʻau hoʻokahi. Akā i ka manawa o ke kauwela kiʻekiʻe, hiki i ka wahine a me nā pua ke hoʻololi i ka wahine a i ke kāne a me ka hoʻohālike.
4. ʻōpala Brazil
ʻŌpala Brazil.
He lāʻau ulu ʻo Brazil kahi lāʻau i ulu i nā nahele ulu o Brazil, a ma Peru, Colombia, Bolivia a me Venezuela. ʻElua mau hiʻohiʻona o kēia mea kanu, e like me kāna mau hua, pono i ka nānā nui ʻia. ʻO ka mua, ʻo Bertolite (kahi inoa ʻē aʻe no ia) ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea kanu nui loa ma kā mākou honua. I ke kiʻekiʻe, hiki i ka 30-45 mau mika, a ʻo ke anawa o ke ʻāpana o kahi ʻāpala ʻo Brazil e like me ʻelua mau mika. ʻO ka lua, he lāʻau lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o kēia lāʻau. ʻOiai ke manaʻoʻiʻo ia e ola nei ʻo Bartoletia wale nō ka hapalua miliona mau makahiki, ke ʻōlelo nei ka poʻe Brazil i ulu kēia lāʻau a hua i ka hua a hiki i 1000 mau makahiki. A ʻo ia mau hiʻohiʻona e hōʻike ʻia ana i nā mea mākaʻikaʻi, ʻoiai, he mea paʻakikī ke hōʻoia i ka hilinaʻi o kēia ʻike.
Bertoletia, pia o Brazil (Bertholletia).
ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona o ka nati Brazil, hua wale ia i nā hua ma ka nahele wale nō. ʻAʻole hoʻi i ʻohi ʻia nā mea waiwai nui ma Brazil, e like me ka mea e noʻonoʻo ai, akā ma Bolivia. Kūpono ka hua ponoʻa i kahi pahu nui, hiki i ke anawaena he 15 cm ke anika a ʻelua mau paona ke kaupaona ʻana. A ʻo nā mea i kapa ʻia nā hua kanu o kēia hua.
5. Pitahaya (hua lāʻau)
Pitahaya (hua lāʻau).
Ulu ka hua dragon ma kahi cactus. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole maʻamau. He kahu kahu ʻo Pitahaya, holomua i ulu i kēia mau lā ma Central Central a South America, Australia a me Asia Hema. He meaʻoluʻolu loa kēia mau cacti - mai kahi hoʻokahi hekahi o nā mea kanu i ka makahiki, hiki ke loaʻa i ka kanakolu kanakolu o ka hua. Hoʻopukaʻo Pitahaya i nā hua a hiki i nā manawa ʻeono i ka makahiki!
Ka kanu ʻana o gilocereus, nā mea kanu e hoʻopuka ai i ka pitahaya.
ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona o ka mea kanu, ka mea e hāʻawi iā mākou i kēia mau hua momona me ka pulpula palupalu palupalu, e pua wale ana ia i ka pō. Loaʻa nā pua keʻokeʻo nui i kahi ʻala mau loa.
6. Wasabi
Wasabi pipi a me ke aʻa o ka Japanese eutrem.
Kūkulu mau mea kanu i ka nui o ka eutan Japanese, mai ka rhizome a lākou e mākaukau ai i ka honua kaulana e hele nei no ka ʻaina Kepani - wasabi, ulu a hiki i ka hapalua mika ke kiʻekiʻe. ʻAʻole ia he mea nui e ulu mālie ana ka rhizome, lōʻihi, loaʻa, i ka lōʻihi o 3 cm i kēlā me kēia makahiki. A manaʻo ʻia ka aʻa i ka wā pono i ka makahiki 3 - 4 mau makahiki. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Wasabi i kapa ʻia ʻo ka ʻenepela Japanese, ʻoiai ua liʻiliʻi iki kēia mea kanu me ka horseradish - no ka ʻohana hoʻokahi wale nō.
Wasabi, a i ʻole Eutrema Kepani (Eutrema japonicum).
ʻO kekahi hiʻohiʻona o ka wasabi - ʻo ka rhizome i nā ʻāpana like ʻole i ke koʻikoʻi. Akā kahi hiʻohiʻona o ka wasabi maoli wale nō - kahi mea kanu e ulu kūʻokoʻa i nā wai e kahe ana o nā kahawai mauna. ʻAʻole loaʻa nā mea kanu i loko o ka māla i ka hapaʻumi o nā waiwai pono e "honwasabi" (e like me ka Iapana ka mea i kapa ʻia he wasabi maoli) nō naʻe, he nui loa ka uku o kēia ʻano pāka lāʻau.
E aʻo pehea e ulu ai i ka euterma Iapana - wasabi, heluhelu i ka ʻatikala: Eutrem Japanese - "Japanese horseradish" wasabi.
7. Turmeric
ʻO Turmeric Root a me ka pauma lauʻaKahi mea kanu pīhoihoi mai ka ʻohana luʻu e hiki ke kiʻekiʻe a hiki i hoʻokahi mita. Ma luna o kahi ʻenehana, ua ulu ʻia i kēia lā ma Iapana a me Kina, India a me Indonesia. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Turmeric ka wā kaulana loa i kēia mau wahi.
Kūkulu Holo (Curcuma)No ka hoʻomākaukauʻana i nā mea momona, ua hoʻohana wale ʻia ka rhizome o India saffron (ʻo ka inoa ka inoa o ka mea kanu), akā, ʻo ka mea kanu ponoʻī ia i mea hoʻonaninani. Hoʻohui ʻia nā pua liʻiliʻi i loko o ka nui (a hiki i 20 cm ka lōʻihi) inflorescences a hoʻenaʻa ʻia i nā momona nani. Kahi pua turmeric (ulu lau lōʻihi ma ka lepo) e loaʻa i ia mau mahuahua. Eia kekahi, lōʻihi loa ka pua o turmeric - a hiki i ʻekolu mau mahina. No laila, i kēia lā ua loaʻa iā mākou kēia mea kanu i ka mea kaulana i ka ulu pua ʻana.
E aʻo pehea e ulu ai nā turmeric, e heluhelu i ka ʻatikala: Cheeky mau ʻano turmeric ma ka home.
8. Kaikai lima
Kahi nā pulima.
ʻAʻole ka pua pua kaulana ka honua i kahi pua pua nui o kekahi lāʻau evergreen nui (kiʻekiʻe - a hiki i 20 mika), e ulu nui ana ma nā mokupuni o Pemba a me Hawaiʻi. Hele mai ka hapakolu o nā lako honua i laila.
ʻO nā pua (nā pua pua) o ka pala (Syzygium aromaticum)ʻO nā pua a ma, no laila, "hua ʻōpio" i nā ʻōpio ʻelua i kēlā me kēia makahiki. He maʻalahi ke ʻano o ke kaʻina o ka hōʻuluʻulu ʻana, no laila he kumu maʻalahi kēia aʻe. I nā kūlana ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ua ulu a wili, akā he mea paʻakikī kēia. Eia naʻe, e like me ka mālama o nā mea kanu kai ʻai.
9. Avocado
ʻAno hua AvocadoI nā ʻōlelo biology, he avocado he drupe berry. Hoʻoulu ia ma luna o kahi lāʻau ākea evergreen me ka lei ākea a me ke kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 15 mika. Hoʻomau pinepine ka hapanui o nā kumu lāʻau avocado ma kahi o 5 mau mika e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana.
Nā lōkahi a me nā hua o nā avocado ma kahi lālā lāʻau Persea american (Persea americana).
ʻO nā mea kūʻokoʻa o nā hua avocado, ʻaʻole lākou e ʻohi piha i kahi lāʻau. Ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka hua, aia ma kahi o 1-2 mau hebedoma e hala, kahi e hōʻea ai lākou i ke kūlana i makemake ʻia ma ka mahana o ka lumi. No laila, inā ʻoe e kūʻai i kahi alpoced maʻamau - maʻamau kēia. E hoʻokomo wale i kahi kāleka pōkole no kekahi mau lā.
E aʻo pehea e ulu ai nā avocados, e ʻike i ka ʻatikala: ʻO nā mea huna o ka ulu nui i ka avocados ma ka home.
10. Kaʻaila ʻeleʻele
Kālepala ʻeleʻele: ʻōmaʻomaʻo, hoʻomoʻa ʻole me ka ʻili a maloʻo me ka ʻili.
ʻO ka pīpī maʻamau ka maʻamau o ka honua ka ʻeleʻele. ʻO nā hua kēia o ka mea ulu lāʻau evergreen o ka pepa ʻohana.
Hāpai ʻo Malabar berry (i kapa ʻia hoʻi ka ʻeleʻele ʻōpala) i nā ululāʻau kaiāwili, ke ʻoki nei i nā kumulāʻau a hiki i 15 mau lōʻihi ka lōʻihi. Ma ka ʻona papahana, ulu ka pepa ʻeleʻele ma luna o nā trellises a kākoʻo paha.
Kela no ka ulu ʻana i ka ʻeleʻele kūleʻele (Piper nigrum).
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hōʻala, ʻōmaʻomaʻo nā hua o nā mea kanu, e uliuli ana i ka wā o ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi ʻono saturated ʻoi loa. Inā nui wale nā hua, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻili mai lākou mai, waiho wale i kahi kinona keʻokeʻo. Ua kapa ʻia kēlā pēpē ʻeleʻele iā "keʻokeʻo" ma ke kūʻai aku. ʻAʻole ʻili loa kona ʻano, akā ke ʻano hou ka momona.
E aʻo pehea e ulu ai i ka pepa ʻeleʻele, heluhelu i ka ʻatikala: Ka pepa ʻōpala, a i ʻole "Malabar berry."
11. Quinoa
Nā huaʻa QuinoaKahi ʻia kahi mea kanu quinoa me ka mauʻu lōʻihi. Hoʻoulu ia i ʻehā mau mika, he lāʻau ʻōpio paʻakikī, nā lau nui a me nā inflorescences nui. Hāʻawi ka poʻe ʻepekema i ka moʻomeheu i ka pseudo-palaoa, ma muli o ka nele o kahi pūpū paʻakikī ma ka lō. I kēia mau lā, ʻike ʻia nā haneli quinoa, akā ʻekolu wale nō o lākou e ulu mākaukau.
Kulanui Quinoa.
Ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo Quinoa ke kumu o ka ʻaina o nā ʻuhane kahiko. "Palapala gula", e like me ke Incas i kapa aku ai, ka mea i manaʻo i kēia mau huaʻalani e like me ka ʻuala a me ka palaoa. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā kenekulia 21, ua lilo ʻo quinoa i waena o ka honua holoʻokoʻa i ka mahalo i nā mea pili i kahi meaʻai maikaʻi. Eia naʻe, pono e lawelawe pono kēia huahana i kāu papa: he alene ikaika ia.
E aʻo pehea e ulu ai ka quinoa, e heluhelu i ka ʻatikala: Quinoa he ʻano meaʻai i loko o kou māla.
12. Vanila
Ka ʻōpala vanilla a me nā ʻōpala.
He mea ʻole ʻole ka vanilla maoli i nā kōpaʻa vanilla a i ʻole ʻaina vanilla, mākou e kūʻai ai i nā hale kūʻaiʻai no ka palaoa. He kumukūʻai ʻole ʻia, no ka mea, he paʻakikī loa kāna māla, a he hapa nā mea kanu - ke kiʻekiʻe o ʻelua mau keneta i hoʻokahi hectare. ʻO Vanillin kahi huahana o ka ʻoihana kemikani, a ʻo ka vanilla ʻo nā hua maloʻo a me nā ʻōpū o nā māla ʻohana orchid a pau.
Vanilla orchid (Vanilla): pua, ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā hua maloʻo.
Kahi kēia lāʻau, hoʻopuni i ka lāʻau, piʻi i ke kiʻekiʻe o 15 mika. Loa keʻokeʻo ka ʻōpala vanilla, a he lau ka lau a ʻōpala, lōʻihi a lōʻihi. Ke ulu koke nei lākou mai ka lāʻau, ʻaʻole i lālā. Kūkulu nā pua o vanila ma kahi o hoʻokahi lā. Ma hope o ka luku ʻana, ʻike ʻia ka ovary ma ka lā 7 a 9 mau mahina! ʻO ka hua vanilla he cylinder oblong ākea e pili ana i 25 cm lōʻihi a me ka hapalua cm ka laulā me nā hua liʻiliʻi i loko. ʻO nā pilikia me ka ulu ʻana o ka vanilla e pili ana, ʻo ka mea mua, me nā pilikia o kona koho ʻana. ʻAno loa, i ka hihiu hiki ke koho ʻia i hoʻokahi wale nō ʻano o ka hummingbird a me nā meli o nā ʻano like ʻole, kahi e noho nei ma Mexico wale nō. Ma kahi lāʻauʻenehana, ua hoʻohua ʻia ka vanilla ma ka lima. No ka hanaʻana i kēia, hoʻohana i kahi kuʻi kūikawā. He hopena lōʻihi loa kēia a ʻaʻole mau ka hopena. ʻO ka hapalua wale o nā pua i hoʻohālikelike ʻia e ke ʻano lāʻau pili i ka ovary.
13. Kahekini
ʻO ke aʻa ʻalaʻO kahi mea kanu mau makahiki me nā lau lauwili lōʻihi a me kahi mea waiwai nui - kahehe - ʻike ʻia i kēia manawa i loko o ka hihiu. ʻO ka mea a mākou e ʻai ai, he mea ulu i ulu nui ʻia ma nā mea kanu ma India a me Asia Hema. ʻO nā pua nani ʻaʻole i like me nā kuʻekuʻe maʻamau.
Kūkulu ʻia kahi māla halekaa me nā aʻa (Zingiber officinale).
He mea kupaianaha nō ia i ka Middle Ages, ua lawe ʻia ka luila i ʻEulopa, kahi i lilo ai ia i mea kaulana loa e like me ka pale pono loa e kū kūʻē ai i ka maʻi ʻino. Nani wale kona kumukūʻai. I ka kuke ʻana, ua hoʻomaka ka wā ʻokoʻa ma mua o ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
E heluhelu e pili ana i ka ulu ʻana i ka ʻolima ma ka ʻatikala: Ginger - seasoning a me ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Ke ulu lāʻau.
14. Pistachios
ʻO PistachiosHoʻohana mākou iā mākou e noʻonoʻo nei i ka pistachios e like me nā nati, ʻoiai ka ʻepekema o Botany e ʻōlelo nei he hua kanu kēia - drupes. Ke ulu lākou ma nā lāʻau liʻiliʻi, i kapa ʻia ʻo nā lāʻau me ka lei lei. Hoʻopau ka lāʻau Pistachio i ʻApelila, huaʻai nā hua ia Kepakemapa-Nowemapa, e kū ana i ka ʻano like a me ka ʻāina o ka ulu.
Ka kanu ʻana o ka pistachio maoli, a i ʻole ka lāʻau pistachio (Pistacia vera)I ka nahele, ulu nā pistachios kokoke i kēlā me kēia wahi ma Asia, ma nā wahi o North-West Africa. ʻO ke ʻano o Suria, Mesopotamia, Iran a me ʻAmelika ʻAmelika waiwai e waiwai ma pistachios. Kēia mau lāʻau i ka hema ma Europe.
Centenarians nā lāʻau lāʻau. Ua manaʻo ʻia aia i nā kūlana maikaʻi i noho ai lākou ma kahi o 400 mau makahiki.
E heluhelu hou e pili ana i ka ulu ʻana o ka pistachios i ka ʻatikala: Pehea e ulu ai ka pistachios?
15. Kanamela
ʻO nā lāʻau kāpena a me nā pauma cinnamonʻAʻole kinipopo ke kinamona mea kanu, akā he maloʻo maloʻo o ka ʻōpū lau o ka lāʻau kōmona Ceylon, nona ka ʻohana laurel a me ka ʻohana kanamela. Hoʻohui ʻia nā mea kanu kumulāʻau e nānā i nā kanu kanu. I ʻelua makahiki i ka makahiki, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka ʻili mai nā ʻōpio ʻōpio o nā mea kanu. He pilikia paʻakikī kēia. ʻO ka mea mua, pono ʻoe e kali a hiki i ka hopena o ka ua, a laila e hoʻokaʻawale ʻole ʻia ka ʻili a ʻaʻole paʻakikī a ʻo kona ʻāʻī aʻe he nui loa ka saturated. ʻO ka lua, pono ia e hoʻokaʻawale me nā mea hao me nā ʻāpana kikoʻī o ka lōʻihi a me ka laulā - 30 cm a me 1-2 cm, kēlā.
ʻO ke kumu lāʻau cinnamon.
Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Sri Lanka kahi i hānau ʻia ai ke kinamona, akā i kēia lā ua ulu ia ma nā wahi a pau i India, Brazil a me nā ʻāina o Asia Hema. ʻO nā ʻano maikaʻi loa o ka cinnamon Ceylon nā mea i loaʻa i ka mānoanoa o ka mānoanoa o kahi lau o ka pepa.
