ʻO nā mea āpau e pili ana iā dyukas - nā hakahaka o nā cherries a me nā cherries

ʻO nā hua lua a me nā cherries nā huaʻai like o ka ʻohana like. ʻO ka koho ʻana i nā pōkā a me nā lau ʻoiea i hāpai i kahi ʻano hua like ʻole, kahi i kapa ʻia e ka huaʻala, nā cherries a me nā inoa ʻē aʻe e paʻakikī ana e haʻi. ʻAʻole i pio kēia ko mākou aloha i kēia manawa. Mai ka inoa o nā ʻano Pelekane Pelekane, hoʻi i loko o ʻEnelani i ka kenekulia 17, a kapa ʻia ʻo Mei Duke (Mei-Duke), ʻo ka inoa pokole ʻo Duke i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma Rūsia, ʻo ia ka inoa ʻo "Duke" i ka unuhi. Makemake nā māla i ka moʻomeheu, ʻoiai no ka mea ua loaʻa i nā mea kanu ka pale ʻana i ka hoʻomakeke ʻana i nā mahana a me nā maʻi o kekahi mau maʻi.

Mai ka makahiki 1926, hoʻomaka ka haku i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka pali o ka USSR. A i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā 90s o nā kenekulia 20, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā 30 mau ʻano a me nā ʻano māla i hoʻohui ʻia i nā papa inoa o nā dyuk i kahi mamao loa ma nā wahi o ka Central Black Earth.

Ke nui e ulu nei nā dykes?

Loaʻa nā lālā hema a me nā wahi e pili ana i ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo no ka mālama ʻana i kēia mau kūlana, nā ʻano like o ka dyukov: Nani Venyaminova, pēpē Saratov, ʻoliʻoli Melitopol. Loaʻa i nā Ukrainia kekahi ʻano ka puke no nā kūkulu hema ma ke ʻano he kumu kūpono loa a ʻoluʻolu hoʻi i ka inoa ʻo "Miracle Cherry", e noho nei i kēia lā i kahi kūlana i loko o nā māla pilikino a me nā keʻena kauwela.

ʻO ka hana o ka poʻe puʻuwai me nā ʻano like ʻole o ka hoʻoilo i nā hoʻoilo makua e hiki ai i ka nui o nā dykes i hiki ke ulu a hoʻonui i nā hua kiʻekiʻe ma nā ʻāpana o ka ʻākau. No laila, ulu ka Krasa Severa, i hoʻomoʻa ʻia e I. Michurin, ulu a hānai i nā hua ʻaʻole wale nō i loko o kāna iwi hānau ʻo Michurinsk, akā ma Moscow, ʻo Leningrad nā ʻāina, ma Nizhny Novgorod. Ke ulu kūleʻa nei ʻo Dukes i nā kihi hema o ka Central Black Earth Region, a i kekahi mau wahi o ka Novosibirsk Region. Ke ulu nui nei nā hua liʻiliʻi a hua i ka hua ma Western Siberia (Ivanovna, Spartanka), ma ke ala waena a me nā ʻāpana ʻākau (Kormilitsa, Zhukovskaya, Ivanovna, Dorodnaya a me nā mea'ē aʻe). Ma ka mokuʻāina ʻo Khabarovsk, ua hoʻāʻo ʻia ka hui ʻana o nā ʻupena o kēia mau ʻano a ʻāpono ʻia no ka kanu ʻana: Manaʻo Velyaminova, Fesanna, ikaika, ma ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana iā Vavilov, Mayak, Nadezhda, Zhukovskaya.

ʻO nā hua he nui loa o ka hoʻoilo (ʻaʻole pono e hoʻopilikia i ka wai me ka wai pōkole i ka manawa pōkole) i loaʻa e nā mea hoihoi mai ke kū ʻana i ka hoʻoilo ʻana i ka hoʻoilo ʻAmelika i ka hoʻoilo. Kūleʻa ʻo nā lāʻau i nā huaʻai i ka -25 ... -35 ° C.

Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka ʻike hou aku e pili ana i ka varietal ʻano like ʻole i loko o ka ʻatikala "ʻo nā ʻano hua maikaʻi maikaʻi o nā huaʻai no nā ʻāina anuanu."

Nā hiʻohiʻona waho o nā dykes

No nā kalaiwa nā hua pōhaku a kau ʻia nā huaʻai cherry-cherry. Inā mākou e hoʻohālikelike i nā ʻāpana me ko lākou mau mākua, a laila ʻo ka "keiki", e lawe ana i kahi kikowaena, i lawe mai i nā paikua makua maikaʻi loa, akā ʻo ka nui loa o nā ʻano like ʻole i ka infertile. Ma muli o ka nani o ka pua pua akā ʻaʻole i nele, ʻo nā ʻokaʻina o ka'āina e hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i ka moʻomeheu hoʻonani nani.

ʻO ka pilikino o kahi moʻomeheu hybrid e pili me ka hopena o ke ʻano o ka wā. ʻO ka hoʻololi koke ʻana i ke kauwela, ʻelua a me nā pōkole hiki ʻole i ka wela ke hoʻopilikia i nā kaʻina o ka physiological i ka mea kanu, pili pono i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka polipena a me nā hua manu. ʻO ka nui o nā ulu maʻamau, hiki ke koho i nā pua duke, a emi iki i 1%, i kekahi manawa he mau pua a makee paha. Me ka hoʻomohala maʻamau, ʻo kā 3-5% wale nō o nā pua i kuhi maoli ʻia me nā huaʻai nui me nā pulpika ʻoluʻolu o nā pale like ʻole.

ʻO nā mea kanu laula ma ka hema a i nā wahi me nā wīwī māmā e hoʻomohala i nā lāʻau ikaika me ka lei. Loaʻa i ka poʻe puaʻa nā ʻano o ka dyukes e hoʻopōmaikaʻi ʻoluʻolu ana i nā ʻāina anuanu o ka ʻĀkau a me Siberia, akā aia kahi mea e ʻoi aku ai ka ulu ʻana o lākou āpau i ka ʻano lāʻau.

Sapling o Duke, kahi pua o ka cherry me nā cherries.

ʻO nā hybrids lākou iho i ka helehelena a me ka maikaʻi o nā huaʻai i like me nā cherries. Ma ka mānoanoa o nā ʻele lau a me ko lākou nui, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā lau ma kahi o ka cherry. ʻO nā lau lōʻihi e ulu ai, nā wahi ma nā ʻāpana he mea ʻē aʻe. ʻAnoʻeleʻele ke kala.

ʻO ke kumu o nā ʻōpala a me nā pua o ka makahiki, e palalike ʻia (ma lalo o ka cherry), ʻeleʻele ka ʻāpana o ka ʻili. I kekahi manawa aia nā kihi kuʻekuʻe ma kahi kihi koʻikoʻi i ka ʻāpana waena.

Ma muli o ke kūlana a me ke kūlana climatic, hiki i ka pua ke hoʻomaka a i ka hopena. No ka laʻana, ma waena o Rūsia, ua pua nā dyukes i nā makahiki he hope o Iune, a i ka hema i Mei. Ke keʻokeʻo a ʻeleʻele paha paha nā pua pua, i hōʻiliʻili ʻia i loko o ka inflorescences bunchy, aia ma luna o nā ulu ulu makahiki.

No nā ʻōpua ka mua a i ka wā e koho ai i nā pollinator maikaʻi, ua hana lākou i ka hua lāʻau mua (ʻaʻa) mua i ke kolu o ka makahiki. Ma ka hopena o ka pua, hāʻule nā ​​pua lepo ʻole. Kuhi ʻia nā hua, ʻo ia hoʻi, e mālama ʻia i nā lālā no ka wā lōʻihi a hoʻomaikaʻi hou i kā palatability.

ʻO nā hua maʻamau o nā dyukes ka mea ʻono ʻokoʻa. E noʻonoʻo i kahi huaʻai nani, ʻo ia ka pulupulu mānoʻomaʻo i ulu a maloʻo hou aʻe, ua loaʻa iā ia kahi ʻula maikaʻi a me ka hoʻoluʻu ʻoluʻolu.

Nā hiʻohiʻona biology o nā dykes

ʻOkoʻa nā Dukes ma nā ʻaina makua i loko o kahi maʻi kinohi. No laila, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke kū i ka "mehameha." Inā makemake ʻoe e kiʻi i nā mea kanu makahiki, pono ʻoe e kanu i nā dykes i hoʻopuni ʻia e nā cherries a me nā cherries ma mua o nā ʻano zoned. No kēlā me kēia mea, he mau mea nāwaliwali nā dukes. I ka Central Black Earth a me ka palena waena o Rūsia, kahi e holo wikiwiki ai kēia dyuks i nā kīhāpai pilikino, hiki i nā mea kohu ke hoʻohana i nā ʻano huaʻai ola Lyubskaya kūlohelohe, a me Molodezhnaya, nā ʻano Bulatnikovskaya.

ʻO nā mea koho maikaʻi loa no nā dykes, ʻoi aku nā lau, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā Iput (pollinator kūpono). I ke kūʻai ʻana i nā mea kanu no ka manawa mua, e makaʻala. E hōʻoia e kūʻai koke i ka duke a me ka mea pena palapala. Me kahi pollinator maikaʻi, ʻoi aku ma mua o 1/3 o nā pua ulu i maʻamau ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki. Hōʻailona maoli nā lāʻau me nā hua.

ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī o ka Dyukes i ka hoʻoilo ma mua o nā cherries, akā i ka mea haʻahaʻa loa i nā cherries i ka pale o ka hau. No laila, i nā wahi ʻākau i ulu lākou i kahi kūlana o nā pua, i hiki iā ʻoe ke hūnā i ka moʻomeheu mai ka hoʻoilo anuanu.

ʻOle hua hua ma ka cherry-cherry.

He waiwai waiwai nui nā Dukes. He pale ia i ka coccomycosis a me ka moniliosis. ʻO kēia mau maʻi i nā makahiki i hala iho nei ua kanu maoli ʻo ia i ka nui o nā ʻoka lāʻau. Hoʻohālikelike nui nā ʻano like ʻole o ka dyukas i nā lele cherry.

ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona Agrotechnical o ka nui o ka dykes i ka'āina

Ke koho ʻana i kahi i ka ʻāina

ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka kanu ʻana ʻo Dyuko-cherry-cherry i ke ʻano o nā kuahi kahele (i.e., nā ʻoka liʻiliʻi). A ma kahi ʻoesthetically, a no ka hoʻolālā o ka mālama ʻana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kēia koho. Inā kūʻai ʻia nā kumulāʻau 1-2 no kahi home kauwela, a laila pono e koho i kahi i hoʻomālamalama ʻia e ka lā ma ka lā (ʻaʻole e hoʻolei i nā mea kanu i ka pale), ʻo ia ka pale ʻia mai ka makani a me nā kumana.

ʻAʻole ʻae ʻo nā Kukukala i nā māla, a no laila, no ka kanu ʻana, pono ia e hoʻohana i nā wahi kiʻekiʻe, me ka wai kai ma lalo o 2 mau mita mai ka papahele.

Ke koho ana i ka mea kanu

I kuhihewa ʻole ʻia e ka mea kūʻai kūpaʻa ʻole, pono ʻoe e kūʻai i nā hua o ka dyke nā māla mahiʻai i hana hou ʻia a kūʻai ʻia i nā mea kanu kanu, a i ʻole nā ​​hale kūʻai kūikawā. Pono kēlā me kēia hua pālima i kahi hōʻailona e hōʻike ana i nā ʻāpana nui: ka makahiki, nā ʻano like ʻole, pollinator makemake a me nā ʻikepili ʻē aʻe.

2 - Kahikina wai duke mau makahiki āpau, he ōla i nā lālā kūpono. Pono ke ola (ʻokeo) ke ʻano i loko o nā lau. ʻO ka ʻili o nā pua o ka duke a me ka ʻalaʻī iā ia iho i nā kāʻei manuʻula ʻole, me nā kākika pale a me nā ʻino ʻē aʻe. Hiki iā ʻoe ke kanu i nā hua ma ka pūnāwai a me ka lūlū, e like me nā ʻōlelo ʻana.

Kūʻai Luke

Pono ka lepo i ka acidity kūwili (pH = 7). Inā kūpono, e kūleʻa ʻia me ka lime, e hoʻohui ana i ka 0.8-1.0 kg o ka lime i hoʻokahi pā paʻakai. Inā he lepo ka lepo, kaumaha, a laila ma mua o ke kanu ʻana i ka lepo mai ka lua i kāwili ʻia me ka one ma kahi hoʻohālike o 1: 1.

He hiʻohiʻona maikaʻi ʻo Dukes. ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke kū ma luna. No laila, i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o nā mea kanu, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e komo i ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā ʻano hui ʻāina e hoʻopiha nui ʻia ana me ka miner a me nā fertilizers organik. A he mea hou aʻe, ma ka lepo momona, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i nā dykes. Kūleʻa nā lāʻau nui i ka ulu, ʻaʻohe manawa e hoʻomākaukau i ka lāʻau no ka hoʻoilo (ʻaʻole ia e pua). Hoʻololi aku ka lāʻau lāʻau lāʻau i ka hoʻoilo ma mua o ka hoʻoilo a hiki ke loaʻa i ka make o ka lāʻau āpau. Me ka hoʻomākaukau pono ʻana o ka duke no ka hoʻoilo mai nā hau nui, nā pua pua, ka manuahi ʻana o kēlā me kēia kanaka, akā, ʻo ka lāʻau ma ke ʻano he nui, a ma ka -35 ... -40 ° C, e noho mau.

Hāpai maoli.

Kahi nā lāʻau kanu no nā dykes ma hope o 4-5 mika i ʻole ka huki ʻole nā ​​lāʻau kahiko i kekahi a ʻaʻole i pili ʻia me nā lālā. 300-400 g o ka superphosphate, 250-300 g o ka potoma pākia, 2-3 mauʻu o ka lehu i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka lua puʻu. Kahi i 1 pahu o ka pulu a i ʻole humus i hoʻohui ʻia i nā ʻenemi mauʻu. Ua hui ʻia nā māhele me ka topsoil. Ma hope o ke kanu ʻana ma lalo o kahi piʻu, hiki i ka 2 mau kāleka wai e ninini ʻia. A hiki i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ke aʻa a hōʻuluʻulu ʻia nā hua o nā dykes ma 2-3 mau mahina i hoʻokahi mahina me kahi wai kūpono.

Hiki ke kala i ke anuanu. ʻAʻole pono nā lāʻau pākuʻu i ka wai kūikawā.

ʻO ka lole kiʻekiʻe o nā mea ʻōpio mau mea e lawe ʻia i 2 mau manawa no ka manawa. ʻO ka lole luna mua a hiki i ka hopena o Iune ua lawe a me nā maniua nitrogen - ʻaʻoleʻoi aku ma mua o 15-20 g ma lalo o ka lāʻau ma mua o ka kanu a me ka lua - i ka hāʻule me nā maniua phosphorus-potassium, kēlā me 30 a 20 g ma lalo o ka kumulāʻau.

Ke kanu nei, e hōʻoia ua hohonu ka ʻāʻī. ʻO ka aʻa kumu o kahi hua duke ma ka pae o ka lepo. Hoʻololi ka mea hohonu i ka hiki ʻana o ka moʻomeheu.

Ma hope o ka pae ʻāina, lawe ka duke i ka ʻoki mua. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka hua kanu i 60-70 cm.ʻO ke alakaʻi kumu waena he 20-25 cm ma luna o nā lālā ʻaoʻao. Ma hope, ua hoʻomohala ʻia, nā pōkole ikaika e hōʻoki ʻia i ka 1/3, nā ʻōpū palupalu a ʻoki ʻia i loko o ke apo.

ʻO ka mana kumu o nā dykes ka mea hiki iā ia ke hāʻawi kūʻokoʻa i ka lāʻau i komo i ka hua me ka nui o nā meaʻai i pono ai. I kēia manawa, pale ʻia ka lole kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻouluulu ʻana.

I ka hoʻoilo, hoʻomalu nā lāʻau ʻōpiopio i nā pōpilikia (hares, nā kiʻi, a me nā mea). Ma nā māhele ʻākau, i ka wā paʻa ʻole o ka wā lohi-pūnāwai, pālū ʻia nā lāʻau ʻōpala mai nā puʻu wela. Iʻoi aku ka pono (e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia) ke hoʻokumu i nā ʻupena ma nā wahi.

Ka mea kanu, ka mālama mālama, kanu a me ka hoʻouluulu ʻana i nā dukes i nā hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻole mai nā mākua (cherries a me nā cherries).