ʻO kēia mākēkahi o nā ʻano ʻē like ʻole, palaka, ʻoluʻolu ʻole, a ʻaʻole wiwo ʻole nā mea a pau. ʻO kēia kā kaloti he huaʻai maikaʻi a nani maoli hoʻi i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e hoʻohana ʻia, e hoʻomaka ana me ka mea ʻai o nā keiki, a pau a pau i ka ʻai no nā ʻelemakule. A, me he mea la, he aha ka maʻalahi? Hoʻomau ʻo ia i kahi māla, lūlū i nā hua kāloti, kanu kālala ʻia ma kahi kokoke, i ʻole he māhu i ka ʻuala o ka ʻuʻu mai, a me ka ʻohi ʻana, ʻaʻole wale nō. He aha ke kumu a he aha ka hana? I kēiaʻatikala, e noʻonoʻo mākou i nā kumu 12 o ka hiki ʻana o ka ulu maikaʻi ʻana o nā kaloti a haʻi iā ʻoe i nā mea e hana ai i loko o ia mea a i ʻole ia hihia.
Ke ulu nei i nā kaloti.
1. Nā ʻōpū o ka kūlohelohe
E like me ʻoe e ʻike ai, kanu maikaʻi nā hua kākoti i ka ʻekolu kūlelika Celsius, a ulu maikaʻi ke kāloti, inā mai ka puka mai +18 a +24 tikelī ma luna o ʻolua, akā inā he wela, a laila e wīwī nui ana kona ulu.
Pehea e kōkua ai? E kūkākūkā wau i ke ahiahi e hoʻomoʻo i ka lepo ma o ka punawai ʻana mai ka punohu, akā ʻaʻole ma ka pīpī ʻana, akā ma ka paia ʻana, no ka hoʻomōhulu o ka ʻāina i ka liʻiliʻi o kekahi mau kenimika, ʻoiaʻiʻo, hoʻohaʻahaʻa ia i ka mahana o ka ea, ʻoiai ua kōkua kēia i kekahi manawa.
2. Hoʻopala, lepo lepo loa, a lepo lepo ʻole paha
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi, nā ulu kāloti ma luna o nā mālamalama a me nā ʻeleʻele palu. Inā maloʻo ka hua, ʻaʻole kanu ka aʻa, ma ka lepo wela i ka ʻāina no laila, ʻaʻohe o ka manawa, inā maloʻo ka lepo, akā hiki ke ulu, akā ua anuanu a he ʻōpū.
Pehea e hoʻoponopono ai i ka lepo lepo? ʻO kahi pahu wai o ka wai kahawai ma kēlā me kēia mika square (ʻo kēia paha 12 a 13 paha), a hiki i ka lepo a maloʻo a ʻahuʻula, a laila e ʻoluʻolu loa nā kāloti, a pīhoihoi i ka ʻano kūpono.
ʻO ka poʻe manaʻo e hiki ke kanu maikaʻi ʻia nā hua kāloti ma luna o ka ʻōlima. Kūlike ʻole i kahi manaʻo ākea he aneane ko nā ʻōpala, pono lākou i ka ʻāina mākaukau. No laila, ma mua o ka lūlū i nā hua kāloti, e noʻonoʻo pono i ka ʻalohilo nui i ka lepo i loko o kahi bayonet piha o ka pauku, hoʻokuʻu ʻia, a laila kuhikuhi wau iā ʻoe e hele me kahi rake, no laila ʻoi aku ka palupalu ma lalo o ka lūlū kālala ma mua o ka hulu-ʻulu pua a koʻu kupuna wahine.
3. Hoʻomaka i nā moena me nā kāloti i ka pale
Ke hoʻomau nei ke kumumanaʻo o ka lepo, e ulu maikaʻi nā mea kanu i nā mahele a i ʻike ʻia nā lā o ka lā, ʻoiai he manawa pōkole ʻole lākou e ʻae hou i ka lohi i kā lākou ulu ʻana.
ʻO ke kūpono, pono i ka mea nāna e hoʻoluliluli i nā moena me nā kāloti a ʻike ʻia kēlā me kēia lāʻau i ka lā e ka lā a paʻa ʻole ʻole i kekahi. He kūlohelohe, ʻo ka wahi kokoke i nā hua nui, e like me ka palaoa, ʻaʻole ʻae ʻia a ʻae ʻia wale nō inā loaʻa kēia mau mea kanu (kiʻekiʻe) ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o nā kaloti, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole lākou e hana i kahi uhi.
4. Eleele lepo
He kalricious ka ʻōpala, a inā he lepo nui ka ʻāina o kāu pūnaewele (pH 5.5 a i ʻole ka haʻahaʻa), a laila i ka hāʻule, ma mua o ke kanu ʻana o ka lōlima o nā hua kāloti, e pono e hoʻohui i kahi kīʻaha o ka palaoa dolomite no kēlā me kēia mika mika.
ʻO ke kūpono, no nā kāloti, pono i ka ʻāina ka pH o 6-7. Hiki iā ʻoe ke nānā i ka pH me kahi laʻa litmus maʻalahi, hoʻopau i ka lepo i loko o kahi aniani o ka wai, a hoʻoiho i kahi ʻāpana pepa ma laila, a laila hoʻohālikelike i ke ʻano o ka ʻāpana o ka pepa me ka pali ma ka pākuʻi.
5. Ke kala nei i ka lepo
A, ka laulā, pehea kou manaʻo e pili ana i ka lepo? ʻIke paha ʻoe i ka manawa nui loa no nā kaloti ka manawa e kūleʻa ai nā hua, ʻike nā pua? No laila, i kēia manawa ua pōʻino loa ia inā aia kahi lepo lepo i ka honua.
ʻO ke kūpono, ma hope o ka ua a me ka inu wai paha, pono ʻoe e akahele me ka hiki, akā e luku. Inā loaʻa ʻoe i kāloti i kou home oʻāina, no laila, ʻaʻole i ʻoka ka lepo i ka ulu ʻana, pono nō ia ma hope o kēlā me ka lulu ʻana, ma mua o ka waiho ʻana, e uhi iā ia me ka pulu (manamana o ke aniani) ka papale o ka lehu lāʻau (ʻo ia kahi hana potash maikaʻi, a he waiwai pū kekahi nō hoʻi).
Nui loa! E hoʻāʻo i ka wai i ka lepo a kali i ka ua, a laila e hoʻokuʻu i ka lepo, ʻaʻole hoʻi he ʻokoʻa.
Kāhea nā kaloti6. Nā hua hewa
Ma ke ala, ʻike liʻiliʻi kekahi poʻe nui e lōʻihi. No laila ʻoi aku ka pōkole a me ka mea ʻalalala, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki a e ʻākala. No laila, i ke koho ʻana i nā hua, e heluhelu ma ka ʻeke i ka mea i kākau ʻia, mai aʻa ʻole ka gigantism, ʻaʻohe manaʻo iki mai ia.
Ka lyrical lōkohu no ka poʻe ʻaʻole i māʻona me ka ulu ʻana o nā kāloti - ua heluhelu maikaʻi mākou i ka ʻinana, nā hua mua e hoʻomaka ai i nā lā he 55-65. ʻAʻole kēia e haʻi aku i ka lūlū iā ia i kēia lā, akā i kēia lā ua hōʻiliʻili ʻo ia. ʻAe, ʻaʻole mālama like nā ʻano like ʻole - ua hōʻoia wau mai koʻu ʻike ponoʻī.
7. Ka hewa huli ʻana
Mākou? Poina poina anei? Akā, ʻo ka mea pōmaikaʻi, ʻaʻole kā paʻakikī loa nā kāloti a, ke koho i ka moʻomeheu ma mua, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻona wale i nā pono o ka nui.
ʻO ka mea mua, a, i koʻu manaʻo, ʻo ia ka mea pono e koi pono ʻia, ʻo ia ka maʻa o kahi moemoeā kahi, ʻo ka ʻūhū ʻana i nā kāloti aia ma ka liʻiliʻi, e hoʻolilo i hoʻokahi makahiki a i ʻole ʻelua, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi, a e ʻike ʻoe ua ʻokoʻa loa ka hopena.
ʻAe, ʻo ke kapu lua ka ulu maikaʻi ʻana o kāloti ma hope o nā tōmato, nā kukama, nā ʻuala, ka ʻala, ka ʻala, ka ʻala, ka greens, akā ma hope o ka lūlū lau a me ka pālea ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ke kanu, ua maʻalahi nā mea āpau - aia nā pōpoki maʻamau.
8. Nā mea kanu kala ʻole
Ua huki ʻia nā kāloti, ma ka laulā? ʻIke maopopo ʻoe i ka pae ʻana o ka lālani maikaʻi ma ke kanu ʻana i nā kaloti me 22-23 cm, a ʻo ka laulā o nā moena, ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mika? Ma luna o kēlā - pono kahi lālani ʻehā o nā pahu kālohe, akā ʻaʻole pono.
ʻO nā lāʻau kanu lāʻau, ma ke ala, e huki ʻia i ka manawa o nā pālua o nā lau maoli, a ma hope o kekahi manawa (maʻamau ʻelua a ʻekolu paha mau pule) hoʻokahi manawa a laila ma waena o kēlā me kēia kalapu he 4-6 cm o ka ʻāina manuahi. A ma mua o ka ʻokiʻoki ʻana, ka wai mua i ka māla, a laila e huki i ka lāʻau i makemake ʻia. Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe i ka wai i ka māla, a laila hiki iā ʻoe ke pili i nā mea kanu kokoke, a e pili wale nō kēia i ko lākou ulu maikaʻi i ka wā e hiki mai ana.
Nā pua o nā kalaka ma mua o ka ʻokiʻoki.
9. Hōʻailona ka hohonu
No laila e hana nā mea hoʻomaka, no kekahi mau kumu a lākou e hoʻāʻo e hoʻoheʻe hou aʻe, akā no ke aha? ʻO ka hohonu o nā hua kāloti ma ka lepo lepo lepo māla wale nō he centimeter wale nō, inā inā he lepo a maloʻo nā oneone, a laila hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻokuʻi hou i lalo - a i ʻole ʻehā paha mau kenima. Eia naʻe, ke hilinaʻi nei ia i ka lako o ka wai o ka lepo, inā ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke kanu i ka hohonu a laila e hoʻoinu i ka wai me ka lau ʻole i ka hua.
ʻO ka pilikino ka pilikino, inā ʻike ʻoe ua maloʻo ka pūnāwai, inā he liʻiliʻi ka ua a maloʻo ka wai, hāʻule koke iho i ka maka o ka ʻāina, a me ka lepo, ma luna o nā mea a pau, ua like me ka wao nahele, a laila hiki ke hoʻomʻo i ka lūlū hua i nā hohonu he ʻelima kenimika, a inā he lepo wiwo ʻole a huhū pinepine, a laila e pani i nā hua a kokoke i ka maka.
10. Kāleʻa kūpaʻa
Poina e pili ana i ka puʻu. ʻO he ʻano maʻalahi ia, akā no kekahi mau kumu ua hana ʻia kekahi poʻe. ʻO ka mea ka manawa i ka wā e ulu ana, he liʻiliʻi, akā naʻe mahele o ke aʻa o ka kāroti, aia ma luna, me he mea lā e kaʻū ana i ka lepo, ʻikea ʻia, ʻaʻole ia ka lole ʻōpala maʻamau, akā he liʻiliʻi ʻoluʻolu - ka uliuli, a hoʻomaka e ʻākoakoa me ka mana a me ke kumu he pilikia weliweli loa, akā, ka mea ʻawaʻī, i kapa ʻia solanine. I ka manawa like, hoʻopau ka ulu o kāloti, hoʻokaʻawale.
No laila, pono e nānā i ka māla a kanu i ia manawa, he mea kūpono loa ma hope o ka hoʻoulu ʻana, ka ua, a i ka lā pohō paha, i ka wā o nā makahiki kāwā kākō ponoʻī he liʻiliʻi a ʻaʻole paha.
11. ʻAe, a pili i ka wai
ʻO ka hōʻuluʻulu i nā kāloti he mea paʻakikī loa ia, a ma laila ua hoʻomaka ka lehulehu e hopohopo, e noi ana i nā kumu e ulu ʻole ai nā mea kanu. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, makemake ke kālai i ka ʻāina waena: waiwai, akā ʻaʻole me ka mānoanoa.
Loaʻa ia mau kāloti a me kāna huaʻāina kūlohelohe, kahi mea e ʻike pono ai ka māla lāʻau maoli no ka laʻana, no ka laʻana, hoʻomaka ka ulu ʻana o nā hua lāʻau ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka ulu nui ʻana o ka lau lau, ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e kāpae i nā kihi mai ka lepo a e hoʻōho "ʻo hea ke ʻano o ka aʻa?!".
ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻo ka ulu o ka hua kumu i ka hapaha hope o ka ulu o ka nui o nā lau aerial. Ua like ia a i ka manawa o ka ulu mau ʻana o ka makika o nā kaloti, pono ka nui, akā inā e hoʻomaʻū ʻoe i ka lepo i ka wā e ulu ai ke aʻa aʻa, a laila hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i kā lākou hoʻomohala a alakaʻi paha i ka ʻoki ʻana.
He moena o nā kaloti ma hope o kahi moena o nā aniani.
ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole pono mākou e poina e pili ana i nā mea maʻamau o ka kanu ʻana i nā kaloti ka mea ʻaʻole e pau ka aʻa aʻa i kona hoʻomohala ʻana. No laila, no ka laʻana, i ka wā wela, i ka anuanu o ka ea, hiki iā ʻoe ke inu i nā kāloti i ʻekolu mau manawa i ka hehi i ke ahiahi, ʻo ka hoʻolilo ʻana i nā mea kanu ʻehā wale nō he ʻehā mau wai o ka wai pākahi. Akā i ka waenakonu o nā mea kanu o ka kaloti, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohui i hoʻokahi manawa i ka hebedoma, e ninini i kahi pānaʻi i ka wai i hoʻokahi mita square, a hoʻohaʻahaʻa hou i ka kokoke o ka hopena e ulu ana, e like me kā mākou i'ōlelo ai ma mua.
12. Kaʻai kūpono
ʻAʻole ulu paha kahi kalati no ke kumu maʻalahi āu e hānai pono ʻole ai. ʻAʻohe pono e hana i nā lole nani, inā e hōʻole ʻia ka loiloi e pili ana i ka nui o ka nitrates a he nui nā mea e pono ai ka lewa e ninini. Ma kaʻu pūnaewele i noho wale ai he ʻekolu lole o luna a ua lawa.
ʻO ka lole luna mua, a ʻo wau, a nui nā māla i hana ma hope o ke kū ʻana - ʻekolu mau pule ma hope mai. No kēia, ua hoʻohana ʻia ke kapa ʻahuʻula luna i loko o nā ʻano wai - ka maʻa mau, he kīpē o ka nitrophosphate i loko o kahi pānaʻi wai. Hoʻohana hou i nā kalona ma hope o 15-18 mau lā, ua hoʻohana ʻelua ʻelua, akā i kaʻaila i loko o kahi pānaʻi wai, i ka ʻano hoʻoheheʻe ʻia.
Kūleʻa kahi kāloti maikaʻi i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kahi hoʻonā o ka pākio pāpaona (ʻo 6-7 g mau pā o ka wai i ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kēlā me kēia mita square). Ka mea i hele aku - ʻo ia ke kolu o ke kapa kolu o ke ʻano, he hopena maikaʻi ka ulu ʻana o nā hua aʻa a me ko lākou puʻu (e ʻoluʻolu lākou).
Hoʻoholo e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka lepo me ka manure? ʻĀ, e hoʻopili iā ia i ka pūnāwai o 5-6 kg pākahi kūwaha mita o ka lepo. I ka manawa holo mua, ma mua o ke kanu ʻana i nā kāloti, e ʻānai i ka manure, hoʻokahe, hele i kahi ʻano hiki ke loaʻa i nā mea kanu, a laila i ka hāʻule i hoʻohui i 500 g ka lehu lāʻau ma kēlā me kēia mita pākō a hiki iā ʻoe ke kanu palekana i nā kāloti. E nani ka hopena.
Ma, ua ho'āʻo mākou e pane i nā nīnau a pau no ke kumu e ulu ʻole ai ka kalaka, a he aha ka hana e pili ana i ia mea. Inā he nīnau a nīnau iā lākou i nā manaʻo. Inā ʻoe i ʻimi pono ai i ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi ʻoki maikaʻi o kāloti, e hauʻoli pū nō hoʻi mākou e aʻo e pili i ia mau mea.
