ʻO ka maʻamau ka ʻike o ka hanauna kahiko e pili ana i kēia mau mea. A ua lōʻihi lākou i ka helu ʻana i ka nui o nā mika ma hoʻokahi haneri. Ua lohe ʻole ʻia nā ʻelele o ka hanauna ʻōpio, a ʻaʻole loa lākou i ʻike i nā ʻano kumu o ka helu ʻana. ʻOiaʻiʻo, i nā palapala ʻāina alawai ʻaʻole ia i ʻae ʻia e hoʻohana i kēia kumuhana, ma laila wale nō ke hela nei nā ʻāpana i nā hepika, ʻaʻohe no ka ara. No laila, he aha ka haneli o ka honua a pehea e helu ai?
ʻAno wahi maʻalahi
Aia nā ʻano ʻokoʻa o ka ʻāina. ʻO ka maʻamau he mau hiʻohiʻona maʻalahi lākou: nā ʻāpana ʻehā a me nā ʻāpana ʻole. Akā aia nā mea i koe inā he trapezoid a i ʻole ka parallelogram ke kahua. Ma kahi kahua ʻāina kahi i kahi ʻāpana a i ʻole ia paha kahi alana paha, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ke koho ʻana i hoʻokahi anawa mau mika ʻokoʻa. Hoʻokahi wale nō ka mana geometric e kōkua iā ia e noʻonoʻo. Ke kumu hoʻohālikelike no ka ʻāpana o kahi ʻāpana a i ʻole ka square.
ʻO kahi papa o hoʻokahi haneli mau mika ākea ka nui o ka haneli haneli.
E like me kāu e ʻike ai, hoʻohana ʻia nā mea kūikawā i ʻike ʻia i kahi o ka ʻāina. Loaʻa ʻia lākou e nā agronomists, cartographers a me nā limahana hana e komo ana i loko o ia mau ana. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻōlelo iā ʻoe kekahi o lākou. Akā i ka hiki ke helu i hoʻokahi haneli mika ʻāina, mai hopohopo no ka loaʻa ʻole o kekahi mau mea paʻakikī. ʻAʻole pono lākou. Pau ka makemake:
- na kuikahi eha;
- roulette (ʻaʻole liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi);
- peni a me kahi leka.
E hoʻouka i nā pine i nā kihi a pau o ka ʻāina. Mai ka pā i ke alaloa ʻana, e ana i nā palena o ka pae me kahi paona. Inā like ka lōʻihi o nā ʻaoʻao a pau, a ʻokoʻa kēia kaawale. Ina i like nā ʻāpana ʻelua ʻehā, e like me nā ʻaoʻao lōʻihi, a laila, he ʻāpana ʻae. E palapala i nā hopena ma kahi leka uila. E kuhi paha kahi ʻaoʻao i 30 mau mika, a me nā mika he 40 ʻē aʻe a laila e pono e hoʻonui hou i kēia mau helu e ka pākahi. Huli ia i 1200 kūlahi mita. ʻO hoʻokahi haneli he 100 mau mika square. 1200 i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e 100, loaʻa iā mākou ka helu 12. ʻO ka nui, ʻo ka nui o ka ʻāina he 12 mau ʻeka. Ina i like like ko lakou aoao, (laula), alaila hoonui ka elua o kekahi i kekahi a e mahele i hoʻokahi haneri.
ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka roulette, akā me kou mau lima ponoi i kūkulu i kahi aniani papa lāʻau. Hoʻomaka ana mai ka paʻa, mika ma ka mita, hele a helu. He mea nui ka mamao ma waena o nā kihi o nā wāwae o ke aniani i hoʻokahi mita! Ma kahi hoʻokahi haneli mau mika kūkahi 100 mau mika square.
ʻO nā papa kikowaena
E kū ana. Inā loaʻa kahi ʻano paʻakikī o ka pūnaewele (ʻaʻole ia ma kahi kuea a i ʻole ia i kahi kuʻuna), no ka laʻana, he trapezoid a i ʻole, i kahi poʻomanaʻo. Eia kekahi ʻōlala geometric hele mai i ka hoʻopakele. K? Ne? Ia o ke kahua me ke ʻano o kahi parallelogram.
Pono ʻoe e ʻimi i ka lōʻihi o ka ʻaoʻao nui. Akā i kēia manawa pono e loaʻa i ke kiʻekiʻe. Hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa i ka wahi inā e hoʻomāhuahua i ka lōʻihi e ke kiʻekiʻe. ʻO kēia nā ala maʻalahi e helu ai i ka māhele o kahi parallelogram. He mea kūpono no ka helu ʻana i ka mahele o kahi rhombus.
Pono kūlia ka kiʻekiʻe i ka ʻaoʻao nui. ʻO ia, e hana i kahi kihi o 90 degere me ia, ma ka liʻiliʻi.
Inā loaʻa he trapezoid, a laila pono ʻoe e ʻike i ka lōʻihi o kona mau waihona. ʻO nā kumu kihi he ʻelua mau laina like ʻole. Ma hope wale nō e nānā ai i ke kiʻekiʻe. E ʻike ʻoe i ka wahi ma o ka ʻōpiopio: hapalua ka nui o nā waihona e hoʻonui ʻia e ke kiʻekiʻe. Ma ke kiko, ʻike ʻia e like me kēia: kumu me ka laulā, hoʻonui i ka kiʻekiʻe, a hoʻonui hoʻi i ka 0,5. ʻO nā mea āpau, aia kahi wahi.
Aia nā ʻāpana punihele, akā loaʻa pinepine kēia. Pono e ʻike i ke kikowaena o ka pōʻai. ʻO Radius ka mamao mai ka waena a i ka palena o ka pōʻai. E loaʻa ʻoe i kahi ma ka rula: 3.14 (Pi) hoʻonui i ka lōʻihi o ka radius squared (pālua i hoʻonui ʻia e ia).
Loaʻa kekahi wahi a Ellipsoidal (oval). ʻOi aku ka paʻakikī, pono ʻoe e ʻimi i ke kikowaena o ka oval a me ka lōʻihi o nā koi. E hoʻonui nui i ka hapalua o ka koʻi nui ma ka hapalua o nā mea liʻiliʻi, a laila hoʻonui ʻia ma ka 3.14. Hana a.
Aia nā ʻāpana quadrangular ma kahi o nā ʻokoʻa ʻokoʻa. ʻO ia hoʻi, no ka laʻana, ʻo 19 paha mau mika, ʻo 27 ka lua, ʻo ke kolu ka 30, a ʻo ka hā he 50. ʻO ka maikaʻi loa inā pololei ke pololei o kekahi kihi. E ana i ke ana i na aoao a pau. I laila, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā hewa a me nā kala e helu ʻole ʻia i ka pūnaewele. Eia nō naʻe, aia nā alakino pūnaewele e ʻae iā ʻoe e ʻimi i ka ʻāina o ka quadrangles ma nā ʻaoʻao a pau.
I ka nui a nui ka laula, ua helu ʻia ka nui o nā hect. 100 eka = 1 hectare = 10,000 mau kapuai kuea.
ʻO nā haneli a me nā wahi
Hiki i ka nui o ke kumu i nā haneli he haneli i ka palapala a i ʻole ke ana kūʻokoʻa ʻole i ka ʻohi ʻana i kahi mika.
Inā ʻike ʻia ka helu haneli
Inā ʻike ʻoe i ka nui o nā eka o nā kola a i ʻole nā māla, akā ua manaʻo koke ʻoe e helu i ka ʻāina o ka pā, a laila e hoʻohana i ka helu hoʻohuli. No ke kumu ana, eono eka. Hoʻoulu ʻeono i hoʻokahi haneri. Ka mea huli ia 600 mika square - ʻo ia ka ʻāina. Ina he 10 mau ka nui o ka kue, alaila i na mika he 1000 ia.
A ʻaʻohe data
Inā ʻaʻole ʻoe maopopo a ʻoi i ka helu o nā eka a i ka paha, a i kēia hihia pono ʻoe e ʻike, ʻo ia wale nō. E hoʻomaopopo pū i: nā māka, ʻaoʻao ana a me ka arithmetic. E ʻike ʻia ka ʻāina a me ka helu o nā eka inā makemake ʻoe.
E ʻike ana: pehea ka nui o nā mika ma ka hapa anika mau kapekele o ka ʻāina e hoʻohana ana i ka helu helu pūnaewele, e ʻoki ana i ka helu o hoʻokahi haneli mau mika ma laila. No ka ao ana, 63.5 eka. ʻO 6350 mau mika ʻāpana.
