ʻO nā wīwī o ka ulu

Hoʻohui pū kekahi o mākou i ka huaʻōlelo "cereals" me ka palaoa, rye, bale a me nā mea kanu maikaʻi. He mea hiki ʻole paha i kekahi o ka ʻohana o kēia mau ʻōpū, ke kālai lāʻau ʻoka he ʻelima mau mika me kahi ʻūhā ikaika i loko o hoʻokahi a i ʻole ʻelua mau girths. Ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i ka mea kanu o nā nahele ulu a me nā ulu subtropical.

I loko oʻEulopa, ua lilo nā lāʻau keu i mea kaulana mai nā ʻoihana kaua o Alexander Nui a India. ʻO nā koa o ka luna kaulana i hōʻeuʻeu ʻia i ka ʻike maka mua o nā kumu lāʻau bamboo. ʻO Kina, i ka makahiki 1615, ua kākau kekahi misionari iā Jesuit i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻili mākaʻi (ka māla) me ka hao he 600 no ka pono o ka hale.

I ko mākou ʻāina, hoʻomaka nā mea kanu lāʻau i ka kanu ʻana i nā 60-70 mau makahiki i hala. ʻO ka mea mua lākou i lawe mai iā ia mai loko mai o Hema a me ʻEulopa, a ma hope mai ua lawe ʻia ka ʻāina ʻo Krasnov botanical mai kā lākou ʻāina, East Asia, a ua hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi ʻia mākou me mākou. I ka Soviet Union, aia i kēia manawa he 50 mau ʻano o ke kumu lāʻau, ʻo ka mea kiʻekiʻe ka lōʻihi o 20 mika i ke kiʻekiʻe me kahi mānoanoa lāʻau a hiki i 15 kenimika.

Kūkulu ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo mau ʻōmaʻomaʻo i nā kumulāʻau o kēia mau lāʻau lae ma ke ala o ke kahakai ʻo Ke Kai ʻo ka Caucasus, ka like me nā pā gula umauma-ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ka mauʻu lau. Ma kahi o ka Caucasus, ulu ka lāʻau me mākou, ʻoiai inā ʻaʻole i kūleʻa i kēia, ma ke kahakai ʻo Crimea, i nā mea kanu kupaianaha mai nā paka mai Feodosia a Yevpatoriya. ʻOi aku mau pinepine ma mua o kekahi aia he māla hina-hina, hiki ke kiʻekiʻe o 12 mika. Kūkulu ʻia ka lāʻau pala kāwili i loko o ka māla Botanical Nikitsky ma mua o ka lei ʻana. ʻO nā Muscovites, Leningraders, Kievans, nā kamaʻāina o nā kūlanakauhale ʻē aʻe o ko mākou ʻāina e kamaʻāina i kēia mau mea kanu hoihoi i nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo o kā lākou mau māla huaʻai.

Me ka palaoa, rye, bada, ʻo ka ʻano o ka hua like, i kapa ʻia ʻo ka weevil i loko o ka botany, e pili pono ana i ke ʻano o nā pua a me nā ʻōpala. ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻo nā mauʻu laupū ​​ʻaʻole wale i ka palaoa a i ʻole rye ka mea, a he mea ʻē aʻe, heʻokoʻa ka like me ka nui, ke ʻano a me ka kala. Hoʻokahi wale kekahi a i hoʻokahi mika ma ke kiʻekiʻe a kūpeʻe wale nō ka manamana lima, hiki i nā mea'ē aʻe ke hoʻokūkū me ka nui o nā kumulāʻau ulu nunui.

ʻO ka ʻaoʻao o ka lau o ka lau maʻa, ma ke ʻano o ka māla, he kaʻe, oval, multifaceted a me ka ʻehā. ʻO ka kala o ka ʻōpala i ka hapanui o nā ʻano he ʻulaʻula-hina (a hiki i ka makahiki 1), a laila uliuli (a hiki i 2 mau makahiki), a i nā kumulāʻau mauʻu i ka nui o ka melemele gula, ʻokoʻa iki aʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha. Ma keʻano holoʻokoʻa, ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa nā ka papa o ka lau o ka lau ma ka lau o ka palaoa, rye a i ʻole nā ​​mea ʻalike ʻē aʻe i ʻike ʻia. E like me nā cereals ʻē aʻe, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia wale ʻia e nā māka hoʻololi, nā ʻapo, a me nā kikowaena ona.

ʻO ka mea hollowness o nā hua bamboo, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia e ke kanaka i ka hana ʻana i nā moku, nā pākīpoki punahele a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe. Akā, ʻaʻole maopopo ka mea hana lāʻau i ke ʻano o kāna mau kumu. I kēlā me kēia manawa, ke kālai ʻana i ka ʻoki a me ka ʻono ʻana o ka hakahaka, hoʻomaka ʻo ia me ka wiwi ʻana i ka ʻōpala i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka mea pio. Kahi mea hana ʻole i ka loio manu e hoʻopilikia maoli i kahi kanaka, no ka mea, ʻo ia (a kahi lawena lāʻau) e hoʻopuka nei i nā lāʻau nui he nui i kumu kūʻai ʻole ʻia.

Ma kahi o 600 mauʻano o nā mea kanu lāʻau i ho'ākāka ʻia ma ke ʻano maoli, i hui pū ʻia e nā poʻe ʻokiʻoki ma kahi o 50 mau genera. ʻAʻole ia he mea kupanaha i loko o kahi ʻohana nui e noho ana nā keriki dwarf me nā higants.

ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o ka hapanui o nā lāʻau bamboo ʻo ia ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana i ka wikiwiki. Hiki i ke cereal nei ke hoʻomau i ka hoʻomau i nā pae ʻāina hou he mea leʻaleʻa. Ua hoʻokuʻi ʻo Bamboo ma kahi pā i hoʻopaʻa ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i kāna mau kanu, kāla i nā kahawai hohonu a me nā alaloa ma ka lalo, a ma kekahi mau pilikia paʻakikī.

Kūlei kekahi mau ʻano o ka puaʻa ma ka pūnāwai, ʻo kekahi ʻē aʻe i ka hāʻule a, ʻaʻole i like me nā ʻano lāʻau ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻole wale nō i ka lā, akā ʻo ka pō hoʻi. I ka pūnāwai a me ka ʻohi, hiki nō ʻoe ke lohe pehea e ulu ai ka cereal i loko o ka maluhia hohonu i ka pō. Ka ʻike nui ʻia o ka ikehu o ka ulu ʻana o nā ʻōpala i luna o ka ʻāina me ke ʻano ʻalaʻū, ke nānā ʻana, a i kekahi manawa ʻano paʻakikī. ʻAʻohe mea ʻē ʻole ke kaupaona o nā ʻōpio, nā manamanalima hoʻowalewale o ke kūkaʻi, ke kāʻili koke ʻana i ka ʻāina paʻakikī loa a me ka asphalt, e neʻe ana i nā pōhaku i ka ʻaoʻao, ke kāʻe ʻana i nā papa mākau a me nā lāʻau lāʻau.

I loko o Caucasus, aia nā lāʻau bana e hiki ke piʻi aʻe e 3 centimeter i kēlā me kēia hola, a ma 75 o sentimika i kēlā me kēia lā. ʻO ke alakaʻi o kekahi o nā māla mokuʻāina ʻo Adjarian, ʻo Tengiz Mamudovich Dzhinchiradze, manaʻoʻiʻo ʻaʻole ia he bamboo, akā ulu ke kālā mai ka honua i ka wikiwiki o kekahi mau kenimika i kēlā me kēia lā: ʻo ka moso bamboo e ulu nei ma ʻaneʻi e lawe mai i 40 kopecks i hoʻokahi mika i kona ʻohana.

© Erin Silversmith

ʻO ka ʻāina i ka ʻāina, no ka laʻana, ma Vietnam, ua ulu pinepine ka lāʻau bō i ka aneane 2 mau mika i kēlā me kēia lā. Ma kēia ʻike, haʻi ʻia nā moʻolelo he nui. ʻO ka mea kaulana o kekahi hoʻohene kaulana kaulana he hunuo hewa. Ua liuliu lōʻihi nei ʻo ia no ka ʻimi ʻana i ka waiwai a luhi, moe kāua i ka māla lāʻau. Ala mai ka pilikia o ka pilikia, ʻike ʻia ka hunī i kahi nī nui i mua ona, a ia manawa i kū pū ai ka pū, ka mea i waiho ʻole ʻia ma ke alo o ka lepo, ua hoʻāla ʻia i hoʻokahi mau luna i luna e ka māka pana i neʻe mai ka lepo.

Pehea e wehewehe ai i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka luaʻi?

Ka mea i ulu ʻo ia e ulu me kāna mau helu lehulehu a i ka manawa like. ʻOiai i loko o ka pūpū, ke kūpaʻa nei kāna pana-ʻōpala a me nā mea lā i hōʻemi ʻia i nā haneli a mau kaukani manawa. ʻO ka pua ulu e like me ia e ʻō ʻia ai e kēlā me kēia lip-internode, e like me ka hulu harmonica, a me ka wikiwiki i ʻike ʻole ʻia a puni ka pua nani i ka nui o kahi lāʻau nui. ʻO ka mahalo, nā papa āpau o nā pana i pana ʻia, nā mea haʻahaʻa e ulu wikiwiki loa, nā mea kokoke loa i nā aʻa. ʻO nā internodes e kokoke kokoke ana i ka piko o ka lāʻau, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi a ʻaʻole i hoʻolako ʻia me nā mea kanu me ka nui o ka ulu.

He manaʻo ʻole paha ia e ulu wale ana ke kanu ma hope o ka lōʻihi o 30-45 mau lā a ʻo kona ola ʻana, a ʻoiai he ola mau a hiki i 100 makahiki. I loko o kēia mau lā 30-45, hiki i ka māla me kona kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, ma hope o ka mea e kū ka ulu a me ka ulu ikaika ʻana o ka lanceolate light green leaf.

ʻO ke ʻano o ka puaʻa ka mea ʻē aʻe: hoʻokahi wale nō mea i loko o kona ola āpau. He mea kūpono loa ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ke ʻano no nā kānaka āpau o ka ulu lāʻau: ʻaʻole hoʻi i nui nā lāʻau bʻa, ulu lākou, e like me ke hoʻolohe ʻana i ke kauoha a kahi ʻānō, pua i ka manawa like. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole like like ka lōʻihi o ka pua o nā pua ma nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole: he pua kekahi i kekahi kauwela, ʻo kekahi no ʻelua a ʻekolu mau manawa, a me kekahi mau ʻano he 9 mau makahiki. A ʻo ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pua a ulu ka hua, pau ka nahele o ka bʻa, e like me ka palaoa aloha, hoʻopau iā ia ola.

ʻO ka hapa nui o nā ʻano puaʻa ke noi nui ʻana i ka ea a ua ma luna hoʻi me ka wela. ʻO kahi ʻoluʻolu liʻiliʻi, ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i nā pākaha liʻiliʻi ma lalo o ka zero e pōʻino ai lākou. ʻO ia ke kumu e ulu ai ka bamboo ma vivo, ʻo ka mea nui i nā wahi ākea a me nā subtropics o East Asia, Africa a me ʻAmelika. I waena o nā mea ʻano o ka ʻoi, aia ka poʻe i hiki ke maʻalahi i ka hoʻonaʻauao 20-degere a i ʻole 40 mauʻu kekona. ʻO kēia mau, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, nā mea kanu liʻiliʻi, ka mea e hoʻopili ai i ka moʻo no ka pale ʻana i ka hau ma waena o nā hoahānau bamboo - dwarf bamboos, a hoʻolaʻa paha. ʻIke ʻia lākou ma Sakhalin a me nā ʻāpana o Kuril, kahi lākou i kūleʻa ai i nā mākaʻi ākea ākea. Eia nō naʻe, ulu kava i loko o nā ʻaoʻao hema o Moldova, ka Kuban a me Ukraine.

ʻO kekahi waiwai waiwai o nā bamboos he mea leʻaleʻa: ko lākou mau pua spiky, ka mea i puka mai loko mai o ka lepo, aia ka mānoanoa o kahi ʻano kanu piha a hoʻomau ʻia ia i ka holo ʻana o ke ao holoʻokoʻa holoʻokoʻa.

ʻO kekahi ʻano hiʻohiʻona ka ʻōpala a nā keiki i ʻike ʻole ʻia, ka mea e hōʻoia hou i ka pili ʻana o kēia lāʻau i ka lāʻau cereal, grassy plant. ʻOiai ke anuanu ākea nui, hiki iā ʻoe ke maʻalahi, me kahi pā o hoʻokahi o ke pahi, e ʻoki a i kona ʻano momona nui. A e ho'āʻo hoʻi e lanakila i kahi pahu koa! ʻAʻole wale ia e hiki ke ʻoki ʻia me ka pahi, akā ʻo ka mea ʻoi loa ka paʻakikī i maʻalahi ke ʻoki.

ʻO ka launa mua me ka ulu lāʻau ua waiho ʻia i kahi manaʻo maʻamau. He anuanu a pāʻeleʻele aʻeleʻele hoʻi i ke ao wela, e like me ke ahiahi ahiahi. Ma ka hopena o ka lā, ke piʻi nui o ka hoʻoluʻu i ka subtropika, hoʻopuʻi nui ka bamboo i ka wai. Hoʻopili wikiwiki a ka pā wai e hoʻopihapiha i kona mau lau, nā lālā, nā lālā. Ua lawa ka mālamā o ka makani, a mai nā mea kaupaona ua hāʻule iho ka ua maoli.

Hoʻohui ka lāʻau Bamboo i ka ikaika hoihoi me ka nui o ka māmā, ke kūleʻa kupanaha i ka hala me ka nānā nani. E komo ʻoe i ka hale mua o ke kauā Vietnamese a ʻike ʻoe ʻo ka pihi a me nā piles ma luna o ia wahi ʻoi ka pā o nā paʻi mānoanoa, nā pā a me ka papahele i kālai ʻia mai kona ʻāʻī, a ʻo ka hale kahi papa papa i hana ʻia nā lau lau.

"Ma ka wehewehe ʻana i kēlā hale," wahi a ka mea kākau ʻo Soviet Heinrich Borovik, i kipa aku iā Vietnam, "ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka huaʻōlelo" bamboo. " , nā paila, nā kīkī, nā aniani, a me nā mea he nui ʻē aʻe he nui kā lākou mea hoʻohana ʻole.Aa nā mea hao e hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana i ka hale pōkole. ulu a nui, ʻoi ka mea nui loa, aneane ʻaʻole loa e pala. ʻO ka waiwai nui! "

Mai nā kumulāla hiki iā ʻoe ke hana wikiwiki i nā huahana waiwai nui. He lawa e ʻokiʻoki i kahi pā mania ʻoi manawaleʻa, ʻokiʻoki i luna ma luna o ka lei, a ma ke alo o ke alo he pau, he poli a i ʻole nā ​​kihi; punch a puhi paha ma o nā mea i loko o kāna mau ʻōpū, nā ʻāpana, a me kāu lawelawe i kahi paipu maikaʻi; ʻokiʻoki i ka paʻu i mau ʻāpana, a loaʻa iā ʻoe kāu mau pahu hoʻolapalapa, i nā pōpō, nā aniani, nā ʻōpala, nā kīʻaha a me nā lako hana ʻē aʻe. Inā ʻoe e hōʻoki i kahi internode āpau me nā māhele ʻelua ʻelua i nā node, ua waiho wale ia e nalo wale i kahi lua mai luna, a mākaukau ka barela. Ke hoʻokaʻawale nei ia i ka hapalua, loaʻa koke iā mākou ʻelua mauʻu liʻiliʻi.

No laila mahalo ka poʻe kamaʻāina o Asia Hema i nā ʻano lāʻau like ʻole, a hana lākou i nā mea kaua mai loko aku: nā pahi, nā pahi, nā ʻea, pale i nā kauā mai nā holoholona a me nā ʻenemi me kahi pā lāʻau popo i kāwili ʻia i ka mauʻu. ʻO ka kiʻi kiʻi kālai, ka mea i hoʻomohala ʻia i waena o kēia mau kānaka, i pili pū me ka bamboo.

ʻO ka hope loa, hele nā ​​wana ʻōpio a i loko o kekahi mau ʻano i nā aʻa a me nā hua i loko o ka meaʻai, ke hoʻohuli ʻana i nā mea kanu (no ka laʻana, asparagus), mai loko mai o nā mea leʻaleʻa oriental goodies achar a me nā asia ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia. Mai nā aʻa, lawe ʻia ka wai momona, kahi i kuke ʻia a loaʻa ka hilahila bamboo. Mai nā makana kawana, loaʻa i ka Kine ka pepa siliki maikaʻi loa. Mai ka mānaka e hana i nā kukui, mea kani, nā mea kanu. Ma ke ala, i Asian Venice, e like me ke kapa ʻo Thailand i kapa ʻia ʻo Bangkok, ua hoʻomaha nā alanui o nā hale i nā kumu lāʻau.

Hana i ka bawe a me ke kuleana o kahi ʻano kī. Me ka puhi o kona hua hou, ke kani kū ʻole a nui, e like me ka pū pana. Ua hoʻohana ʻia kēia waiwai e ka lehulehu e hoʻoweliweli i nā holoholona. Mai nā ʻuā manawaleʻa umu lahilahi, hana nā nīnū i nā puʻu lele mua, kahi mai lākou i pana i nā pua ʻehā i ka pāʻani.

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka lāʻau Bamboo i nā ʻāina kahi i ulu ʻole ai. ʻO nā lako hōʻoluʻolu, nā pepa maikaʻi loa, ʻo nā moʻo hoʻi kiʻekiʻe o nā moʻolelo phonograph i hana ʻia mai nā wahi i kau ʻia. Hele ʻo Bamboo i ka pa, ka kūkulu ʻana i nā alahaka māmā, ka hana ʻana o nā lehulehu o nā pono haʻuki. I ke kūkulu hou ʻana, hoʻohana ʻia ka bamboo no ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i nā kūkulu pā.

ʻO ka kumulāʻau e lawe ʻia mai e kahi hoahānau e pili ana i kā mākou mau pua, i hana pinepine ʻia nā mākele nui, ʻo ia hoʻi i nā kahe o nā kahawai a me nā waiwai o ka Volga, Dnieper, Danube.

Hoʻohana ʻia ma nā lako:

• S. I. Ivchenko - Buke e pili ana i nā kumulāʻau