Aconite - kahi mea ʻino a lokomaikaʻi

Wahi a ka moʻo Helene kahiko, ulu ka aconite i nā wai lawaiʻa mai ka ʻīlio Heleman helild, ka mea a Hercules i lawe ai mai ka lua o ka honua i ka honua (ka ʻumikumamākahi o Hercules). ʻO ka inoa "wrestler" lāʻau no ka kumu Scandinavian: ua ulu ka wrestler ma luna o ke kahua o ka make ʻana o ke akua Thor, ʻo ia ka mea i lanakila i ka nahesa make a make mai kāna mau hake. ʻO nā mea ʻona o ka aconite ua ʻike mua ʻia i ka wā kahiko: ua hana ka poʻe Helene a me ka Kina i ka ʻona no nā pua mai ia manawa, ma Nepal ua ʻawa lākou i ka maunu no nā mea hoʻohalahala a nui i ka wai i ka wā i lele ai ka ʻenemi.

Mea hoʻokele napellus, a i ʻole Aconite napellus cultivar "Newry Blue" (Aconitum napellus 'Newry Blue'). © kekahū

Hoʻolohe ʻO ka mea kanu holoʻokoʻa, mai nā aʻa i ka polū, he mea hoʻopau ia.

Ua kākau ʻo Plutarch i ka poʻomanaʻo aconite o Mark Anthony i poina, a ua huʻi lākou i ka bile. Wahi a ka moʻolelo, he aconite ka mea kaulana ʻo Khan Timur - make kona skullcap me ka wai ʻona. Ma muli o ka hoʻopili ʻia o ka mea kanu nā mea i loaʻa i nā kiko o nā alkaloids i loko (i ka aconitine mua), ka mea e hoʻopili i ka pūnaehana nūnū a hoʻonā i nā hoʻokūkū a me ka paralysis o ka papa hanu.

Ka poʻomanaʻo o ka aconite e pili ana i ka wahi o ka ʻāina (ka ʻāina, ka pōkā) i ka makahiki o ka mea kanu - ma nā lālā hema he nui ka maʻi, a ma Norway hoʻi, no ka laʻana, e hānai ana lākou i nā holoholona. Hoʻohui ʻia i ka moʻomeheu, ma ka ʻāina māla momona, ua pau ka waiwai o ka aconite i nā waiwai hona ma hope o kekahi mau hanauna.

Hoʻohana ʻokoʻa loa ka hoʻohana lāʻau ʻana o kēia mea kanu; i Tibet ua kāhea ʻia ʻo "aliʻi ke lāʻau lapaʻau", ua mālama ʻia me ka anthrax, pneumonia; i ka lāʻau lapaʻau Lūkini Lūkini, ua hoʻohana ʻo ia ka mea hana me kahi mea hōʻehaʻea ma waho. I kēia manawa, helu ʻia kekahi mau ʻano aconite i loko o ka Red Red Book.

Aconite, a i ʻole Wrestler (Aconitum) - he pua i ka mea kanu hakahaka o ka ʻohana Ranunculaceae (Ranunculaceae).

Lāʻau lāʻau Aconita. © Glenlea Kōkua hale

ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana o ka aconite

He ʻoi aku ka nui o nā mea kanu i ka 300 mau mea, he maʻamau ma waena o nā ʻāina i maʻEulopa, Asia a me ʻAmelika ʻAmelika. ʻO nā mea kanu i ka mea kanu poʻokela a i ʻole nā lau-tuberous o nā mea kanu kanu me ka ʻala, ʻaʻole i emi iki - i ʻole ka puʻu ʻana a i ʻole ka lūlū lāʻau 50-150 cm (no nā piʻi no ka 400 cm). ʻO Rhizomes oblong-ovate i 5 cm lōʻihi a me 2 cm ākea. ʻO ka hohonu o ka komo ʻana i nā aʻa i ka lepo he 5-30 cm.ʻO nā lau he lauma pāpaʻi, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia a iʻa paha paha, ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, hoʻonohonoho ʻia i ka papa aʻe.

ʻO nā pua aconite kikoʻala he uliuli, violet, keʻokeʻo pinepine keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele a i ʻole nā pihi. ʻO ka calyx ka corolla i kāʻili ʻia ʻelima, nā kahe o luna ka mea i ʻike ʻia i ke ʻano helena, ma lalo o kona uhi, aia i ʻelua mau ʻōuli i lilo i mau nectaries. Kohi ʻia nā pua i loko o kahi racemose maʻalahi a branched a hiki i 50 cm lōʻihi. Bloom mai Iulai a hiki i ka hopena o Kepakemapa. ʻAle hua - kahi lau hua he nui me ka huehue, me nā niho pololei a paʻa paha. Kele nā hua liʻiliʻi, hina, ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele, i 1 g a i nā 450 mau ʻāpana, e mālama i ka hoʻoulu ʻia no 1-1,5 mau makahiki.

La kaulana loa acelite napellusPūleʻele nō ʻo ia. ʻO kahi ʻano paʻakikī paʻakikī maoli, maʻamau i ka hapanui o ʻEulopa, i ka manawa maʻamau i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā holoholona liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi. No ka mea, ʻo ka aconite paʻakikī a me ka aconite haʻahaʻa ke hoʻokaʻawaleʻana i nā Carpathians, a me ka aconite wiwoʻole i nā Alps.

He ʻano nui o kēia ʻano, i kēia manawa e hiki ai iā ʻoe ke koho mai nā ʻano he nui, i hāʻawi i kona neʻe i loko o nā kīhāpai, akā ua hoʻokauwī pū kekahi i nā inoa. ʻO nā ʻano ʻē aʻe ʻē aʻe, i hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka moʻomeheu, ʻaʻole i hoʻohui i ka mālamalama. Puka panon aconite - nā ʻano inoa hema o ʻEulopa, me kahi ulu kūlike. Kūkulu nā pua ma nā wāwae kuahiwi lōʻihi i ʻōlehu malū, mau hua me 1 ʻēheu. Aconite variegated - me he mea lā e pili ana i kahi pilina ma waena o lāua, hoʻohui pū i nā hōʻailona o lāua. E hālāwai me lākou i nā wahi like, i ka nui, i nā Carpathians. A hope aconite kammarum lua-leo Shterka, a i ʻole nā kāhiko - ke kīleʻa o nā motley a me ka uliuli, pau ʻole nā mea āpau. Hoʻohui pū ia i nā hiʻohiʻona o nā mākua ʻelua, akā loaʻa i ke ʻano ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kala o nā pua ʻelua. Ua komo kēia i ka mea paʻa a hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻo ia i loko o kā mākou mau māla, e ʻōlelo ana i nā ʻano o nā ʻano like ʻole: "Bicolor" ('Bicolor') - ikaika ikaika loa, me nā pōkole pōkole o nā pua keʻokeʻo me kahi palena ʻulaʻula. Album Mahina ('Album album Grandiflorum') me nā momi lōʻihi o nā pua keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, "Pink Sensation" ('Hōʻike Pink') ʻomaʻula.

Wrestler, a i ʻole Aconit Lamarck (Aconitum lamarckii). © ʻO Carl Lewis

Hoʻomaka Aconite

He nui nā ʻano ʻano o ka Aconite i ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo. Ke waiho nei i loko o ka māla he pono e noʻonoʻo i kēlā ʻAmelika Aconite (Aconitum anthora) a ā ʻO Karmichel Aconite (Aconitum carmichaelii) pono e kanu ʻia ma nā wahi kiʻekiʻe i ka lā. ʻO ke koena e hoʻomaha hou me ka waterlogging.

Acerite maikaʻi ʻoluʻolu i ka hoʻololi. He mea maʻalahi ia e hana ia i ka pūnāwai a i ʻole laula, i ka wā ʻaʻole i ulu a lāʻau nā mea i ʻokiʻoki. ʻO ka nui o ka lua ʻauʻau kau pono e like me ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka rhizome i loko. Ma mua o ke kanu ʻana, ua hoʻopiha ʻia ka lua me ka nui o nā minima wai (15-20 g no ke kō kanu kanu). Hoʻopili ka ua aʻa i ka 1-2 cm.

He maʻalahi a maʻalahi ka Aconite e hoʻopuʻi i nā mea kanu ma ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā rhizomes: i ka pūnāwai a i ka ʻōʻī, ua maʻalahi ka mahele o ka lāʻau i nā māhele. Pono ka pae pae ʻāina ma ka liʻiliʻi o 25-30 cm.

Hiki nō hoʻi nā hana hou i nā hua kanu. Akā i loko o Aconites, ʻaʻole hoʻonui ʻia ka hua kanu huaʻai, no laila e ulu maikaʻi nā mea kanu wale nō ma hope o hoʻokahi makahiki, i ka wā e aʻa ai. Hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia me ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻōla lūlū me ka hoʻohana mua ʻana o ka lūlū mua ma mua o ka lūlū ʻana. Hoʻomaikaʻi pinepine nā hua i ka makahiki 2-3. ʻAʻole mālama ʻia nā ʻano ʻano ʻano wā like ʻole i ka laha.

ʻO ka mālama Aconite

Mālama ka mālama Aconite: ʻoihana, kākahu, ʻoi aku ka nui, ka lau ʻana, ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā inflorescences maloʻo, i ka wā maloʻo - ka inu wai.

Hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia nā mea kanu me ka palaʻai palolo.

ʻO Hemsley Wrestler, a i ʻole Aconitum Hemsleyanum. © makahiki

Ke kanu nei i nā hua aconite

Hoʻomaka ʻo Aconite e nā hua, ʻokiʻoki, hoʻokaʻawale i ka hua lāʻau a i ʻole nā kōpō kaikamahine. Kulu ʻia nā hua i ka hāʻule o ka makahiki o ka hōʻiliʻili ma nā wahi liʻiliʻi me ka lepo piha. Puhi nā pana i ka pūnāwai o ke makahiki e hiki mai ana. Me ka lulu pūnāwai, e ulu ana nā hua ma hope o hoʻokahi makahiki a ua hoʻemi nui ʻia kā lākou hōʻoki.

Hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā ʻano pālua ʻelua: i ke wela ma 20 ... 25 ° C no kahi mahina a me kahi anuanu i ka manawa 2 ... 4 ° C a hiki i ʻekolu mau mahina, ma hope o ka ulu ʻana o nā hua a hiki i ka mahana o ka lumi. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o hoʻokahi a i ʻole ʻelua lau, hoʻopau ʻia nā hua aconite ma kahi mamao o 10 cm, a ma ka hāʻule ʻana ua kanu ʻia lākou ma ka wahi e like me ke kumu no 25 x 30. Hoʻopau nā mea kanu i nā makahiki 2-3. ʻAʻole mālama ʻia nā ʻano ʻano ʻano wā like ʻole i ka laha.

Hoʻomoe o ka aconite

Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻano Rhonome o ka aconite a kanu ʻia i ka pūnāwai, nā huaʻa-puna wai puna i ka hāʻule, i ka hapa mua o Kepakemapa. Pono ka liʻiliʻi o ka wā kanu e lō ai ma kahi o 25-30 cm, e ulu wikiwiki ana nā kumu pua. I mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka pua, pono lākou e hoʻokaʻawale i kēlā me kēia makahiki ʻehā a hoʻouna i kahi i kahi hou. No ka huiʻana, ua hoʻohana nui ʻia nā ʻōpio grassy he 10 cm kiʻekiʻe, e ulu ana i ka wā mua o ka puna mai ka overwintered tubers. ʻAʻole maloʻo nā ʻōpio kahiko ma muli o ka lumber.

Kukly wrestler, a i ʻole Aconitum curly (Aconitum volubile). © Ben Rushbrooke

Ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka aconite i ka hoʻolālā māla

Hoʻohana ʻia ka wrestler i ka pae liʻiliʻi a me nā hui liʻiliʻi, mixborders. Kahi ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona piʻi i loko o ka ʻāina hoʻopuni o ka pā a me nā verandas. Hiki ke hoʻohanaʻia nā inflorescences Aconite no nā bouquets. Hoʻokiʻoki ʻia ka ʻoki ʻana i ka wā e pua ai ka hapakolu o nā pua. Hoʻohana ʻia i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Kuhi ʻia kekahi mau ʻano ma ka Red Red Book.

ʻOiai he nani nā aconite i ka manawa holoʻokoʻa i ka lau i nā lau nui a maikaʻi loa hoʻi i nā lau, ʻo ka pua ke hoʻonui i ka mea leʻaleʻa iā lākou. ʻO ka mea mua e puaaconite kiʻekiʻe (Aconitum septentrionale) - ʻ already i ka hopena o Mei ua hōʻike ʻia kona mau pua. Woki pale pale (Aconitum lasiostomum), a io Ka mahele keʻokeʻo (ʻO ka leucostom Aconitum) koho i ka pākō i Iune, i Iulai a hui pū lākou aconites oak (ʻO ka wrestler ka antidote a Aconite AntoraAconitum anthora)), panula (Kaʻahi lāʻauAcamitum cammarum)) kekahi mau ano o ka kammarum, a ua pua i ka ʻAukake lawona aconite (Lawaiʻa Aconitum), nā piʻi i nā mea ʻano a he nui nā pūʻulu kamako kentanghe inika (Aconitum napellus) He lōʻihi ka uluʻana o ka Aconite, maʻamau ke kiko ʻia no hoʻokahi mahina a lōʻihi paha.

ʻO ka wrestler a i ʻole Aconite ka keʻokeʻo-keʻokeʻo, a i ʻole keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo paha, a i ʻole pale-keʻokeʻo (Aconitum leucostomum). © Jan Wolf

Wili-pale pale (Aconitum lasiostomum). © Laumas Strazdinas

Wrestler a Aconit Fischer (Aconitum fischeri). © Caitlin W.

ʻO nā ʻano a me nā ʻano o ka aconite

Koti kōkō, a i ole ʻO ka napellus Aconite iho ia Paona Aconite (Aconitum napellus) mua mai Eurasia. (Ma ke ala, ua kapa ʻia ka pale o nā heiau he "hood", no laila ua kapa ʻia ka inoa inoa). ʻO ia ka mea maʻamau i loaʻa i loko o nā māla Lūkia. ʻO nā pua nui (a hiki i ka 2 m ke kiʻekiʻe) me ka lilacʻeleʻele, i kekahi manawa ʻaʻole like nā pua ʻeleʻele wale nō i ka nani i kēlā me kēia manawa, akā, ʻaʻole hoʻi e koi i ka garter - ua ikaika a paʻa nā hua. Ke pau ka lilo o ka hapa o ka pana i ka pua o hope, ʻo ia ke kumu e hoʻomau ai ka pua ma kahi o hoʻokahi mahina. Aia kekahi mau ʻano kūlohelohe o kēia ʻano.

Kapono huu aconite paʻa (Aconitum napellus subsp. nanum) O ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe m 1 m Kūpele nā pua i ka hina-lilac a i ʻole keʻokeʻo-keʻokeʻo. Hoʻopau ia i ka hapa mua o Iulai.
Aconite napelliform puka lobelike (Aconitum napellus subsp. lobelii) Aia he 1.2-1.5 m. ʻO nā pua i nā kapukuhui nā pupu ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula paha. Aʻo ke ʻano o Glechreise (Glecherries) - kahi ʻano me nā pua keʻokeʻo. Pua lākou ma ka mua o Iulai.
Kapili pyramidal pihi aconite (Loaʻa ka aconitum napellus. paniculatum) Aia ke kiʻekiʻe 1-1,5 m. ʻO ka pua nā poni-uliuli, nui loa. ʻO kēia subspecies ke kumu o nāʻokoʻa maikaʻi loa loa. ʻO ka lauula i ka pua 'Newry Blue'. Hoʻopau ia mai i Iulai a ʻAukake.
Aconite napellus ʻano pahuric (Aconitum napellus subsp. tauricum) Hoʻokumu ka Dwarf ma kahi o 60 cm kiʻekiʻe. Mai kahi kokoke i Salzburg a me Tyrol.

Kapila napellus, a i ʻole Aconite napellus (Aconitum napellus). © PETER Kaʻikaʻi

Nā ʻano hua 'anele naponona:

'Blue Scepter' me nā pua ʻōlea-uliuli a me kahi keʻena keʻokeʻo, ʻākoakoa i loko o nā pala mānoanoa,
'Makani Maunaha' (ke kiʻekiʻe 90 cm) - me ka violet-uliuli.

Leo-leo Aconite (ʻO ka bicolor Aconitum) i kekahi mau kumuwaiwai e pili ana i nā subspecies o ka aconite napellus, akā naʻe, ke kaʻawale e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i kahi ʻokoʻa. ʻOi like lākou, akā like ka aconite me ke ʻano o ke kala ʻelua o nā pua i ke keʻokeʻo me kahi kāwele violet-uliuli.

Wrestler a Aconite bicolor (Aconitum bicolor).

Wrestler, a i ʻole Aconite variegated (Aconitum variegatum) mai nā kikowaena o Europa Hikina. E makemake ana nā poʻe aloha ulu i ka nahele me nā mea kanu. Aia ke kumu ke 2 m ke kiʻekiʻe, ākea nā lau, nā pua nui, ʻulaʻula, keʻokeʻo a ʻāpana uliuli a keʻokeʻo paha. Ka wā pua - i ka hopena o Iulai - Kepakemapa. He ʻona kūlohelohe kā Motley aconite:

He ʻano lokomaikaʻi Aconite (Aconitum variegatum subsp. lūlū), kahi nani a maʻalahi hoʻi, ulu ke kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 1 m;
ʻO ke ʻano varionated Aconite o Judenberg (Aconitum variegatum subsp. Judenbergense) me nā pololei pololei, akā ʻaʻole paʻa i ka pili o 2 m lōʻihi.

Papakahi māla, a i ole māla aconite (Acamitum cammarum) - kahi pua ākea i loaʻa e ke ala ʻana i ka napellus aconite, ʻelua ʻoneka ʻuni a me nā aconite mottled. Hoʻohālike ʻia iā lākou, akā ʻokoʻa nā kumu (e ʻohi ana i ka garter māmā), ʻoki ʻia nā lau i nā lehelehe hou, a ʻo nā pua hoʻi i kahi pāpale elongated. Aia nā ʻano hoʻohālikelike me nā inflorescent ākea, ʻaʻole pono lākou e kahi hale garter. ʻO kahi maikaʻi loa no ka aconite x saber he semi-shaded a i a keu paha, akā pale ʻia mai nā kaohi maka i ka wā wela. Nā ʻano hua kanu aconite:

'Rubellum'- nā pua hina iala hina;
'Eleonora'- nā pua keʻokeʻo-keʻokeʻo me kahi kākā pōkole olakino;
'Nachthimmel'- me nā pua melemele nui;
'ʻO Franz marc'a'Caerulleum'- me nā pua uliuli.

Eia kekahi ma mua o kēia, ʻo ka mea maʻamau a maʻalahi e ulu ai nā aconites, aia kekahi mau mea kūpono ʻole, akā maikaʻi loa nā ʻōiwi.

Kēahi kūloko, a i ole Ka Luna kiʻekiʻe, a i ole Ka mea Kuleana (Aconitum septentrionale) Mai Sweden mai. Hoʻohālike like i ka wolf aconite. ʻAno ʻokoʻa ka waiho wale ia i ka waiho ʻana o nā pua: he haumia-lilac lākou. Hoʻohana nui kāna ʻano 'Ivorine' me nā pua keʻokeʻo. ʻO kēia ka pua pua nui loa, ʻo ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pua e hiki i ka hopena o Iune.

Wolf aconite (Accittonum Aconitum) Ma ka puka mai ka ʻāina ʻo ʻEulopa, ulu i nā ululāʻau pāpū, nāhelehe spraken-deciduous, ma nā kapa kahawai a me nā kahawai. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o nā kumu lāʻau mai 60 cm a 2 m.No ka pua he ʻāpana-ʻulaʻulaʻula ma ka kala, a ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o nā pāpale ka aneane ʻelua mau manawa ka laulā o ka pua.

Kakui Antidote, a i ole ʻAmelika ʻAmelika (Aconitum anthora) Nānā mauna, kiʻekiʻe 30-30 cm wale nō, ʻona ʻāina - Alps, Pyrenees, Caucasus. Ua hoʻonani ʻia nā aila pololei me nā pua nui ma ka ʻulaʻula-nui. Aloha ʻo ia i ka ʻāina kūleʻa a me ka momona momona. Ke ulu nei ka ulu ʻana, hiki i 60-90 cm. Ua pua kona ma waena o Iulai-kuʻuna.

Karmichel Wrestler, a i ole ʻO Karmichel Aconite (Aconitum carmichaelii) Mai ka wā mai a mamao loa a mai Kina mai. ʻO ka nānā nani loa me nā kiʻekiʻe ākea (a hiki i 2 m) nā kumu a me nā pua nani. Hoʻopau ia ia i ka hopena, i ka hopena o ʻAukake - Kepakemapa, a ma kahi wale no i ka mālamalama. ʻAno nā pua. Aia kahi subspecies me kahi ʻulaʻula puaʻa - kahi ʻonanona Karmichel he ʻano Wilson.

Maikaʻi loa ʻEstlelo Ola, a i ole Aconite Kukulu (Acubitum hoʻohuli) me nā ʻōkuhi kūpono (ʻoi aku ma mua o 2 m) ka hoʻopuni a puni ke kākoʻo. ʻO kona ʻāina hānau, ʻo Korea, ʻo Siberia. Nā lau ʻulaʻula nani, nā pua uliuli ʻoluʻolu a me nā lei nani i kau ʻia mai ke kākoʻo, e like me nā miniature silk Chinese. Aia kekahi ʻano me nā pua keʻokeʻo. Pono kēia ʻano ʻōiwi i ka pale ʻāina.