ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻohana ʻulaʻula (Rosaceae) nā mea kanu 'eha' elua - Aronia (ʻAronia)) a lele keku (ʻO Sorbus) ʻO Aronia a me ka lehu mauna he mau hoahānau i loko o ka hierarchy botanical, akā ma ka pae genus he mau ʻokoʻa ko ka ola. He lawa lawa ke nānā pono i ke ʻano o nā lau, ka maʻamau maʻamau o ka mea kanu, māhele ʻāina, noiʻi kūlohelohe a me keʻano ʻōlohelohe e hoʻomaopopo ai he mau mea like kēia. Ua unuhi ʻia mai ka ʻōlelo Helene, ua unuhi ʻia ka epithet o chokeberry he hua ʻeleʻele, no laila ka inoa piha ma ka Lūkini - chokeberry (ʻAnonia Aranelarpa) I ka poʻe he mea maʻamau i kapa ʻia ʻo chokeberry.
ʻO Chokeberry Aronia, a i ʻole Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa)ʻO Aronia chokeberry kekahi hoʻohilahila pū me ka "chokeberry Michurin" a kapa pinepine ʻia hoʻi kona chokeberry. Mai kahi hiʻohiʻona botanical, ʻaʻole ʻo ka aronia o Michurin i ka akema kaia chokeberry wale nō, akā hoʻokahi wale nō me nā pūʻulu like o nā chromosome. ʻO ia hoʻi, ma ka pae ola olakino, he mau ʻano ʻano like o kēia ʻano ʻano. Aronia Michurin (Aronia mitschurinii) ʻaʻole maoli nō ka lehu mauna. No Rowan, ma kāna ʻano ʻolaʻenehana, nona kekahi ʻenehana ʻē aʻe - Sorbus, me kahi inoa maʻamau i ka ʻōnaehana kanu - maʻamau (Sorbus aucuparia).
ʻO kahi wehewehe Botanical o chokeberry chokeberry
ʻO Choke ma ka ʻōlelo Helene ka mea kōkua, kōkua, maikaʻi. ʻO Aronia chokeberry - ke kōkua mua i ke kanaka, mai nā wā kahiko, he kauka neʻe nui loa i ka mālama ʻana i nā mea he nui, nui o kāna mau maʻi.
Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe, ulu ka chokeberry aronia mai ka 0.5 a 2,0 m i ke kiʻekiʻe. Loaʻa nā puka kulu i ka 3-4 m - kahi pālahalaha nui kēia, kahi lei aliʻi e ulu a me nā makahiki, he 2-2,5 m ka lōʻihi.
Hoʻopau ka ʻōnaehana o ke kumu o ka chokeberry aronia, i hoʻomohala maikaʻi, noho i ka papa 40-60 cm kiʻekiʻe o ka lepo, pono e hoʻōla me ka nele o ka humuhū. ʻAʻole iʻoi aku ka ʻōnaehana kumu ma waho o nā kikoʻī o waho o ka lei. ʻO nā pua makahiki i ka ʻulaʻula kala, i uhi ʻia me ka ʻili hina-hina.
Hoʻopili nā lau Chokeberry, maʻalahi, petiolate. Ke kahi ma hope. ʻEleʻa ka ʻala o ka lau, ʻōleʻa ovate, nui, i ka manawa he kokoke ia i ka ʻehā (6-8x5-7 cm) me kahi anana a serrated a me nā kihi. Kūpili ka piko o ka lau o ka lau. ʻAno kukui ke kala o nā lau chokeberry. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā kūpeʻe ʻeleʻele a me ke kaʻe ma waena o ka vein waena o ka lau o ka lau. I ka wā lulu, kau ke kala o nā lau i nā ʻāpana like ʻole - ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula, poni, e hāʻawi ana i nā pua nani a nani.
ʻO nā pua o ka chokeberry he bisexual, ka nui ma ka laulā, maʻamau. Corolla keʻokeʻo, ʻulaʻula. Aia nā stamens he 15-20 i ka pua, nona nā ʻāpana poni i kau ʻia ma luna o nā hua o nā pahi, hāʻawi ʻia i ka pua i ka hoʻopiʻi maʻamau. Kohi ʻia nā pua i ka poʻe kiaʻi paʻakikī a hiki i 6 cm ka lōʻihi. Hoʻomaka ka "chokeberry" pua i Mei - Iune a kū i 2-3 mau pule.
Hoʻomaka ka hua o ka chokeberry chokeberry i ka makahiki 2 - 3. Hoʻalaʻe nā hua i ka mahina ʻo ʻAukake - ka hapa mua o Sepatemaba. Pololei nā huaʻai, ʻōmaʻomaʻo-ʻoma hua like-hua me ka pua ʻōmaʻomaʻo. I ka uha huakai, he hua nā hua, ono, ʻeka keʻa. Aia nā hua he 4-8 oblong i ka pulp o ka pūpū.
ʻO nā hua nui a me nā pua o ka chokeberry chokeberry i ka like me nā pua a me nā hua o ka lehu mauna, no laila ʻo ka inoa lua o ka chokeberry (chokeberry).
ʻO Chokeberry Aronia, a i ʻole Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa).
Aronia chokeberry
Ka hikina o ka ʻAmelika ʻAmelika, kahi e ulu ai nā chokeberry hihiu ma lalo o ke ʻano kūlohelohe, i manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kahi o kona kumu. ʻO ka māhele o ka chokeberry aronia e uhi pū ana i nā wahi hoʻonaninani ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. Ua kūleʻa ia ma Ukraine, Belarus, Kazakhstan. I ka Lūkini Lūkini, ulu ke ulu lāʻau ma nā māla manuahi me nā kahe, nā kihi, i ka māka o ka ululāʻau a me nā wahie-ala o kahi ala lāʻau o Europa. "Chokeberry" pālahalaha loa i ka Central, Volga rohe, ma nā North Caucasus. Ke ulu nui nei ka moʻomeheu kauwela ma nā wahi mahiʻai a pau o Ural, West Siberian, Northwest, a me Yakutia, a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ka ʻāpana ʻĀina. Ma nā wahi i hōʻike ʻia e ka hoʻoilo ma luna o ka -35 ° C, ua hoʻohiki ʻia ka chokeberry chokeberry i ka ʻāina no ka hoʻoilo, uhi iā ia me nā lālā pihi a hau paha.
He 15 mau huaʻai koina Aronia, akā ua hoʻolauna ʻia i loko o ka moʻomeheu a lawelawe ʻia i ke kumu no ka ulu ʻana a me ka hoʻopuka ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻole i loko o nā ʻāina hāmeʻa, hoʻokahi wale nō - ʻo Aronia aronia.
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea kanu i kanu ʻia o ka "chokeberry" ma kahi ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau koʻikoʻi i ulu nui i nā huahana ma Altai. Noho ʻia nā wahi nui e ka moʻomeheu ma Ukraine, Belarus, nā ʻōlelo ʻo Baltic. Hoʻohana ʻia he mea kanu manawaleʻa waiwai no ka hoʻonaninani o nā ʻāina i nā māla o nā māla, nā wahi, nā wahi hoʻokipa, kahi pā kūlohelohe o nā pae.
Aronia - nā lāʻau waiwai lāʻau
I nā chokeberry aronia, he maloʻo a maloʻo hoʻi nā lau a me nā hua.
I nā hua momona a loaʻa i nā puna he 10%, ʻoi aku ma mua o 1% mau mea kūmoli, a hiki i ka 1% pectin a hiki i ka 18-20% mau mea maloʻo. ʻO nā hua o ka chokeberry o chokeberry mai 3 a 30% e uhi ai i ka pono o kēlā kanaka i kēlā me kēia lā i nā huaora (C, E, B1, B2, B6, B9, K, P, E, PP), nā makro-a me nā microelement ma ke ʻano o nā paʻakai o molybdenum, manganese, keleawe, hao , boron, florine. ʻO ka mea iodine i ka "chokeberry" ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā gooseberries, raspberry, strawberry. I nā nui nui i nā huaʻai he anthocyanins, leukoanthocyanins, catechins. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ʻo Chokeberry aronia e kona ʻano momona o ka calcium, ma mua o nā mea kanu e like me ka blackcurrant a me ka jeruk. I loko o nā hua, ʻoi aku ka 4%, a ma nā lau a hiki i ka 1,5% o nā flavonoid, e hui pū me nā hana maʻamau, quercetin, hesperidin. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona kemika o ka huaʻai i lalo i ke kumukūʻai o ka chineberry aronia, ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka moʻomeheu meaʻai.
ʻO Chokeberry Aronia, a i ʻole Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa)Hoʻohana maikaʻi o "chokeberry"
Hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Aronia aronia i 7-9 kg o nā huaʻai mai ka lāʻau. Hoʻopili i mua o ka hoʻomakaʻana o ka hau. Hiki iā lākou ke hoʻohana hou, e hoʻōla ʻia i loko o ka wai, waina, inu wai, compotes. Mai ka māla hoʻomākaukau i kaele, jam, kō, kēkē, marmalade, marshmallow, ʻeli. Komi ka ʻāpana i ka lewa a me nā keokeo ma kahi mahana o + 50 ... + 60 ° С. Mālama ʻia nā hua maloʻi i nā ʻeke pepa a hiki i ka 2 mau makahiki. No ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ua ʻoki ʻia nā lau ma hope o ka pua ʻana. Hoʻomaopopo ka huaʻai hou o ka "chokeberry" ma ke kauwela maʻa a hiki i hoʻokahi makahiki hoʻokahi me ka pau ʻole o ko lākou ʻono a me nā mea olakino.
Mai nā huaʻai hou a maloo, ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā infusions, i hoʻohana ʻia i ka home me ka emi ʻana o ke ola kino, diabetes mellitus, ma ke ʻano he prophylactic no ka oncology, hypertension. Hoʻohana ʻia lākou e mālama i ka vasculitis allergic, me ka hapa o ka lāʻau, he mea waiwai nui loa ia, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā keiki me nā maʻi metabol. ʻO nā hua o ka chokeberry chokeberry e hōʻemi i ka kolamu, hoʻomaikaʻi i nā hana o ka endocrine a me ka papa huhū. ʻO nā huaʻai he antiseptic maikaʻi. ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau nui i hoʻohana ʻia mai nā huaʻai a me nā lau no nā maʻi o ka ate, ka ʻōpū ʻana, nā ʻōnaʻi cardiovascular, hypertension.
E makaʻala! ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i ka chokeberry chokeberry ma ke ʻano o nā meaʻai a me kahi lāʻau lapaʻau ma lalo o ke kaomi hoʻēmi, exacerbation o nā maʻi gastrointestinal, hoʻonui i ka hoʻokahe koko, thrombophlebitis.
Pehea e ulu ai i ka chokeberry chokeberry
Nā ʻenehana kaiapuni
ʻAʻole koi ʻo Aronia chokeberry i nā kūlana kūlohelohe. ʻO ka moʻomeheu ka hoʻoilo-paʻakikī a ʻokaʻala. Akā ma nā wahi pīhoihoi ʻaʻole ia e hua a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia wale nō ma ke ʻano he lei hiʻona. Ua maʻalahi ia e hōʻalo i nā frosts o -30 ... -35 ° C a ʻoiai -40 ° C. I ka wā e ulu ana, e hoʻopiha i nā mea kiʻekiʻe aʻe i ka wā e hoʻōla ai a hoʻomālamalama maikaʻi. Kuhi ʻia nā pono agrotechnical, ulu ka ulu lāʻau i 3 m a i hoʻopaʻa a hiki i 50 mau makahiki o nā ʻokoʻa like ʻole.
Ke kanu ʻana i ka "chokeberry"
He chemeberry a chokeberry i ka lepo a ulu a ulu a ulu a hiki i nā ʻenemi mauʻu. ʻAʻole e ʻae i ka ʻāina paʻakai a me ka ʻōpala lepo, ka kai ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia i ka lepo acidified, akā maikaʻi loa ka lepo kūlohelohe. E kūleʻa ka lepo o ka wai me ka lehu a i ka palaoa dolomite, hiki i ka lime ke kau.
Ke kanu lāʻau aronia chokeberry hua, pono ʻoe e kūʻai i nā lāʻau lapaʻau kūikawā aiʻole hoʻohana i kahi pana o nā ʻano ʻike.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi ke kanu i nā mea kanu i ka hoʻoilo ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wā anu a i ʻole ka pūnāwai ma hope o ke hoʻoilo ʻana o ka hau (inā he anu anu nā kulu). ʻO Aronia aronia e pili ana i nā hua mua a me nā makahiki 1-3 ma hope o ke kanu ʻana e hoʻomaka i ka hua.
Ma mua o ke kanu ʻana, nā hua chokeberry chokeberry e hōʻoki i nā aʻa i 25-30 cm a ʻokiʻoki i ka lāʻau ke 5-6 mau pua. Mālama ʻia ka seedling no kekahi mau hola ma kahi hāleʻa a i ʻole ka wai.
Hoʻomoe ʻia ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ke kanu ʻana i nā lua 2-3 i mua o nā kanu kanu. Kuhi ʻia nā lua lepo me ka nui o 50x50x60 cm. ʻO ka mamao ma waena o nā waikahe he 2-2,5 m. Inā makemake ʻia ka ʻāina no ka pālima a no nā kumu hana hiʻona paha, a laila hiki ke hoʻomaloʻo ʻia ke kanu a hāʻule i lalo ma hope o 1-1,5 mau mika.
Inā hemo ka lepo i nā mea kanu, a laila hui ʻia ka lepo pākuhi me kahi pā o ka mea kūlohelohe (ʻaʻole hou), 2-3 mau punetele o ka nitrophosphate, kahi pāpaʻi o ka pālea pākaʻi a me 2 mau hoʻohui o ka superphosphate. Ma nā ʻāina momona, hiki iā ʻoe ke kaupalena iā ʻoe iho i kahi pā o nā humus a mai nā minerala mineral - nitrophos. Inā he lepo ka lepo, pono ʻoe e hana i ka 0.5-1.0 pā o ka maʻa a i ke one.
Kūkulu ʻia ʻo Aronia chokeberry i like me nā mea kanu e pono ai kahi huaʻai. Ke kanu ana, kahi nānā ʻia ka wahi o ka ʻāʻī. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻonui i ka hohonu, no ka mea, ke alakaʻi nei kēia kaʻenehana i ke ʻano o kahi nui o nā hua kumu. Inā ʻaʻole hōʻoki loa ka ulu ʻana, e lulu ka lāʻau a haʻalele i ka huahana.
ʻO Chokeberry Aronia, a i ʻole Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa)E mālama no "chokeberry"
No ka mālama ʻana i ka chokeberry aronia i ka wehe ʻana i ka lepo, ka hoʻohui ʻana, ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ke kanu ʻana a me ka hoʻōla ʻana i nā lāʻau, me ka hoʻouka ʻana i nā pōpoki a me nā maʻi.
I ka maloʻo maloʻo maloʻo, ke kanu ʻana i ka chokeberry chokeberry i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma hope o 12-25 mau lā a hui pū ʻia i ka nui o ka pohō nui ʻana. Me ka makahiki, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka mika o ka wai e like me ka hohonu i nā aʻa a hohonu i ka 2 - 3 mika a hiki ʻole ke hāʻawi kūʻokoʻa i nā kumu lāʻau i ka wai e pono ai.
Hanaʻokiʻo Aronia chokeberry i 2-3 mau manawa i ka makahiki. I ka pūnāwai, he mākaukau ke ʻano o ka manure a i ʻole ka manu manu me ka paʻakai a i ʻole a lehu i hoʻomākaukau ʻia a hoʻoili ʻia ma mua o ka wehe ʻana o nā pua. ʻO ka lua o ka hana ʻia iā lākou me kahi hopena hoʻonā o nā maniua ma mua o ka pua. No ka hānai aku i ka lehu (1-2 kīʻaha), nitrophosphate (20-25 g), Kemir (20-30 g), nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka macro- a me nā microelements. I ka wā hāʻule, ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana (e like me ke ʻano o ka hōʻiliʻili), hoʻohana ʻia ka superphosphate a me ka pākia paʻakai no ka lole hoʻoulu, ʻokoʻa, ma 50 a 30 g / lāʻau.
I ka pūnāwai, ma mua o ke kāwailua ʻana, hana ʻia ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe kino makahiki. Hoʻopili ʻia nā pua chokeberry Aronia i ka pae o ka lepo. I ka wāʻokiʻoki, luku ʻia nā pua kumu ʻole, e waiho ana i ka maikaʻi o ka ulu a hoʻonui ʻia, nā hua kō huaʻa. I ka makahiki o 5-7 mau makahiki, e hoʻokō ʻia ana ka hana keaka. Ke hoʻololi i nā pua prolific a kau aku i ka ulu o ka lāʻau o "aronia" 2-3 ʻōpio'ōpio i koe. Hana ka pana i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o nā makahiki he 5-7 a ua kau ʻia ma kahi ke kū nei. ʻO kahi kumulāʻau kūpono i ulu ʻia he 40-45 mauʻano o nā ʻano ʻokoʻa like ʻole. Hoʻopili ʻia ka hoʻoluʻu hou ʻana ma hope o nā makahiki he 10-12, me ke ʻano o ka ulu lāʻau. Hoʻopau ka rejuvenation ʻōnaehana i ka wā o ka ulu lāʻau no ka wā lōʻihi.
ʻO ka hana hou o ka "chokeberry"
Hoʻonui ka Aronia aronia e nā hua a me nā hua kanu. ʻO nā lau ʻuala, e like me nā lāʻau āpau āpau-ʻōpala - ʻokiʻoki, ʻokiʻoki, hua aʻa, hoʻokaʻawale i ka lāʻau, lāʻau.
Hiki ke kanu liʻiliʻi i ka hua chokeberry Aronia i ka hoʻoilo i ka ʻāina, kahi lākou e ʻoka ai i ka stratification kūlohelohe i ka hoʻoilo. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā hua i kanu ʻia i kahi paʻa mau i ka makahiki e hiki mai ana. Ke hoʻomōhulu ʻia ma o nā hua kanu, pono ke kau ʻia nā hua he 3 - 4-stratification. Hoʻohui hou a mālama pono i nā hua kanu, e like me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe.
Hōʻalo ʻia ka mea kanu chokeberry chokeberry pīkoi me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe.
ʻO Chokeberry Aronia, a i ʻole Chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa)Nā ʻano chokeberry o nā chokeberry no ka ulu ʻana i nā pahu
ʻO nā ʻano punahele kaulana he mau lōlaki a hui ʻia.
- Nero, Altai nui-fruited, ʻuʻulu ʻulaʻula, Grandiolia, Rubin, Estland, etc.
ʻO nā ʻano chokeberry o nā haole ʻē aʻe, nā mea maʻamau loa:
- Finnish - Viking, Hakkia, Belder,
- Polani - Kutno, Nova Ves, Dubrovice,
- ʻO ke ʻano like me Aron.
Hāpai ka hana holoholona i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻano pōkole o ka hau, kū-kiʻekiʻe, a me nā hua nui. E like me nā hōʻailona i waho, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻano o "chokeberry". Hōʻike wale nā ʻokoʻa i ka wā e ʻohi ai, ke loaʻa ka huaʻai i ka ʻono ʻano. No laila, pono ke kūʻai ʻia nā ʻano i koho ʻia mai nā nūpepa i nā lāʻau lapaʻau kūikawā, kahi i hiki i kahi manawa hiki ke loaʻa ʻoe i ka ʻōlelo kūpono.
Nā pale a me ka pale maʻi
ʻO Chokeberry chokeberry ke pale i nā pōpoki a me nā maʻi. I kekahi mau makahiki, ua ʻike ʻia nā lesi manuahi o nā aphids, nā puʻu lehu o ke kuahiwi, nā ʻōpala o ka hoʻoilo, nā kumulāʻau cherry, nā mites lehu kuahiwi, a me nā manu i ʻike ʻia. ʻOi ka palekana e mālama i nā pōpoki me nā huahana biola i hoʻohana ʻia e kūʻē i kēia mau mea kanu i nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe: dendrobacillin, bitoxibacillin, verticillin, bicol, boverin a me nā mea'ē aʻe. ʻO nā mea kemika, ua ʻōlelo ʻia e mālama i ka chokeberry chokeberry i ka pūnāwai ma mua o ka puka mua ʻana a i ka wā o ka ʻūlū ma hope o ka lau o ka lau me 1-2% hopena o ka keleawe keleawe a i ʻole ʻo Bordeaux wai.
ʻO nā maʻi me ka mālamaʻole i nā mea kanu chokeberry, bacterros necrosis o nā mea i hoʻopaʻa ai i ka ʻili, monilial burn, pulehu ʻulaʻoni ma kahi mamao mai nā hua i hoʻopā ʻia e ka ʻōpala (apple, pear) hiki i ka ulu, ākea loa - viral nā kiʻi ʻimi. ʻO ka hakakā ʻana i nā maʻi, a me nā pōpoki, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi me nā huahana olakino, e hoʻohana ana i ka haupsin hoʻāʻo ʻia ka manawa, phytosporin, gamair, glyocladine, trichodermin a me nā mea'ē aʻe. ʻOiaʻiʻo, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā lāʻau hou aku mai nā papa inoa makahiki keu ʻia.
He hopena pono nā huahana biology i nā pōpoki a me nā maʻi wale nō me ka hoʻopiʻi paʻa ʻana i nā ʻōlelo hōʻike. No nā hoʻomaʻamaʻa mua o nā pūnāwai, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau, akā hiki wale nō e wehe nā pua pua.
