Aia kekahi mea kanu ulu i ka ʻohana amaranth, nona kona home i kahakai o ka Lake Titicaca kaulana. ʻO ka māhele ʻāpana i ke kūlohelohe nā papa kiʻekiʻe o nā Andes me nā ʻāina maikaʻi ʻole a me ke anuanu paʻakikī. Pehea i ʻike ʻia ai ka moʻomeheu meaʻai o quinoa ma mua o 3000 mau makahiki i hala. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka moʻomeheu a hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o ka Andor Aboriginal Andes. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka huahana i ka papa ʻaina a nā kamaʻilio me ka palaoa a me ka ʻuala. Ua kapa ʻia e ka Incas kēia mea kanu "ʻano palaoa". Ma ka inoa Lūkini quinoa he mau sinonike: umu quinoa, film quinoa, quinoa, quinoa a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa), a i Kinva - kahi hua pōʻai pseudo, kahi mea kanu makahiki, he ʻano o ka hua gen Mary (Chenopodium) Nā ʻohana Amaranth (Amaranthaceae).
Quinoa, a i ʻole Quinva (Chenopodium quinoa)Ma ka ulu ʻole ʻana o Quinoa i ka māla lāʻau, ke kīhāpai kai kiʻekiʻe, a me nā kiko o nā lāʻau lapaʻau e hāʻawi ai i kēia manawa i nā kuʻuna ākea no ka hōʻiliʻili a me ke kanu ʻana i nā hua ʻai i nā wahi pilikia i ka mahiʻai ʻana ma nā wahi āpau a me nā konapona.
Ua puka mai ʻo Quinoa a i ole raina quinoa ma Rū ma hope koke iho, akā e ulu mau ana kona kaulana. Mālama kēia moʻomeheu i nā pō anuanu a ʻaʻole hiki ke kū i ka wela o ke ao. Ma Lūkia, ʻo Siberia a me nā ʻāpana ʻākau o ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa o ka ʻāina i kūpono no kāna mahi kālala.
Hiki ke kūʻai aku i nā hua Quinoa no ke kanu ʻana i nā pahu kauwela ma nā hale kūʻai like ʻole a i ʻole mai nā hui i hoʻopili ʻia i nā hua o nā hua ʻai. Ke kūʻai ʻana i nā hua, me ke kanu ʻana, ma nā hale kūʻai maʻamau, ʻaʻole hiki ke helu ʻia ka helu 100%. Hoʻopili ʻia ka huapalaoa ma mua o ke kūʻai ʻia ʻana, a i kēia kaʻina hana, ua hoʻopau ʻia ka hapa o ka hua i nā embryos. He ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūʻai ʻana i nā hua no ka lūlū i nā hale kūʻai kūikawā a i ʻole ma ka Pūnaewele.
Nā kala ʻokoʻa o nā hua quinoa. Hoʻokomo ka ʻepekema ʻepekema i quinoa i ka hua kanu pseudo.ʻO nā pono a me nā hōʻola o quinoa
ʻO ka Incas kahiko i kapa ʻia kēia mea kanu "ka makuahine o nā cereals" āpau no kona waiwai maikaʻi a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau. I ka hoʻonohonoho 'ana a me ka pae o ka assimilation, hoʻohālikelike nā nutrists i ka quinoa me ka waiū umauma a manaʻo iā ia he mea momona meaʻaiʻai nui no ka gluten-free, protein a me ka paleo-dietets, a me nā mea maʻi allergy. Manaʻo nui loa ka moʻomeheu i nā kauka, nā mea lapaʻau, nā mea lapaʻau, nā māka, nā punahele culinary, a ua ʻike nui ʻia e nā mea loea.
Hoʻololi ʻole ka ʻike like ʻole o ka quinoa i ka ʻike o nā huaʻōlelo o nā pūʻulu "B", "A", "E", "C", "K", "PP", "D" a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Aia he mau mineral, he nui ka calcium, zinc, phosphorus, hao, keleawe, magnesium, mangan. ʻO ka quere cereal waiwai me ka momona, ka momona, a me ka maikaʻi o nā protein holoholona i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka waiū piha maoli. Hōʻano ʻia e ke aniani kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o nā protein a me nā waikona amino, ʻoi loa ka lysine, ka mea i hāʻawi i ka wikiwiki wikiwiki i nā hōʻeha, a me nā mea postoperative. Aia ka hua i ka tryptophan, valine, threonine, phenylalalanine, tyrosine, histadine, isoleucine a me leucine.
I loko o kāna palapala hoʻonohonoho, pili ka quinoa i nā lāʻau lapaʻau. He ona antioxidant, choleretic, anti-inflammatory, diuretic waiwai. Hoʻopilikia maikaʻi ia i ka nūnao pelalula, hoʻohana ʻia i ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻili o ka gastrointestinal, pili i ke ʻano o nā iwi, hoʻokaʻawale i ke koko a hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka kolamu, hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ke kino o nā mea huna. He mau anti-oncological nona. Hoʻohana ʻia no nā pilikia me ka puʻuwai a me nā pancreas. Ua kūpono nā huahana Quinoa no kaʻai ʻana o nā lele ma nā huakaʻi lōʻihi.
Loaʻa i nā hua Quinoa kahi māmā nutty, e hāʻawi ana i nā porridges a me nā kīʻaha ʻaoʻao kahi hopena crunchy ʻokoʻa. Hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā papa ʻelua, nā mea ʻono, nā kīʻaha ʻaoʻao me kahi hoʻono ʻole maikaʻi, nā mea inu, nā huahana palaoa. I ʻEulopa, kanu ʻia nā quinoa i ka mea kanu mea kanu, me ka hoʻohana ʻana ma nā huʻu. Hoʻohana ka poʻe aloha kaiʻai i nā hua quinoa no ka meaʻai i hoʻolapalapa a holoi holoi ʻia mai ka saponins, kahi e hāʻawi ai i ka ʻawa i ka huahana a i ʻole ke ʻano o ka hua germ.
Nā hiʻohiʻona kākina o quinoa
ʻO Quinoa a i ole raina quinoa kahi kanu makahiki mai ka henze haze. ʻO ka hoʻolālā waho o nā kumu a me nā lau o ka quinoa e like me kahi puaʻa moʻo Moorish. Kūpono nā mea kanu i ka vivo i ka ʻāina home 4.0 m i ke kiʻekiʻe. Ke ulu a pili i nā ʻāina ʻo ʻEulopa, ua haʻahaʻa ia - 1.5-2.0 m He ōpala lākou i laʻa me nā lau alana he ʻekolu ʻona ia e like me nā wāwae nui. Hoʻohana ʻia nā lau ʻōpio i nā lapalapa, cereals a me ka palaoa mai ka hua. E ka wā lulu, e huli i nā lau ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻulaʻula, poni a nānā a nani. ʻO nā aʻa ke koʻokoʻo, hana kele ʻia, hiki ke hāʻawi i nā mea kanu i ka wai mai nā wahi hohonu, he mea koʻikoʻi loa ia i ka wā e kakoo ʻia i nā wahi hiwahiwi. Hoʻomaka ka ulu ulu ʻana mai ka 90 a 130 mau lā a ke hilinaʻi nei ma nā wahi i ka lāʻau a me nā ʻano.
ʻO Quinoa kahi hana pilikino ponoi -ʻo, akā me ke kūlohelohe ʻana e hoʻonui i ka hua mai 10 a 20%. Ma hope o ka pua ʻana, e hoʻohālikelike ai i nā palaʻai like-kukui kaila (e like me ka sorghum) a i ʻole nā panikel o nā pua keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele a me ka ʻulaʻula, ke ʻano o nā pua ʻokoʻa. ʻO nā pua i loko o ka inflorescences he keʻokeʻo-melemele, liʻiliʻi. Hōʻike ka poʻe ʻepekema i ka moʻomeheu i ka pseudo-palaoa, ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻole o ka mea paʻakikī i ka pā, a ua kapa ʻia nā hua o nā hua. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole ia he hua, akā he hua liʻiliʻi loa. Ua liʻiliʻi nā hua (0.3 cm ka diameter), ma ke ʻano like me ka papa nui o ka hua millet. ʻO ka palaualelo o nā hua a he maʻi. Loaʻa nā meaʻaole, hilinaʻi i nā ʻano like ʻole, nā waihoʻoluʻu: ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula, ka ʻulaʻula, ka ʻulaʻula, nā ʻeleʻele.
Quinoa, a i ole raina quinoa. © Tom RatajʻEnehana mahiʻai quinoa
Ke noʻonoʻo nei i ka hoʻoilina (ʻo nā wahi kuahiwi nui) a me nā hiʻohiʻona o ke kūlana kūlohelohe, pono ka moʻomeheu i nā pāpū palpio a me ka lau me nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me kahi ala nui. I ke kauwela kauwela, hiki ke loaʻa ma ka ʻāina mehameha me ka wai o ka pH = 4.8 i ka alkaline nui me ka pH = 8.5.
ʻO ka lulu ʻo Quinoa
ʻO ka hoʻomanawanui me ka mahalo i ka mahana i ka wā e ulu a me ka ulu ʻana, pono ka quinoa i kekahi mau ʻāina no ka ulu ʻana. ʻO ka manawa kūpono no ka lūlū i nā hua, ʻo ia ka manawa a ka lepo i loko o kahi papana o 5-15 cm e hoʻomehana a hiki i + 6 ... + 8 ° C. Mālama kēia manawa i ka manawa waena-ʻApelila-waena o Mei. Inā pōkole ka wela o ka pūnāwai, uaʻoi aku ka mahana o ka lepo + 8 ° C, mālama ʻia nā hua no 2-3 mau lā ma ka pahu manuahi a lulu ʻia i ka maloʻo. Ma waho o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka hema wela, ʻaʻole e holo nā mea kanu.
He mea maʻamau ke ʻano o ka līlū. ʻO ka mamao ma ka lālani he 5-7 cm, ma hope o ka lohi ʻana ua hoʻonui ʻia i ka 20-40 cm.ʻO ka hohonu o ka hoʻonā hua ʻana ma waena o 0.5-1.5 cm. ʻO ka mamao ma waena o nā lālani he 40-60 cm.he nui nā mea kanu i ke kanaka a kiʻekiʻe aʻe. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ka hoʻohuihui lāʻau. Ke wāwahi ʻia, hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻōpiopio ʻōpala me nā lau e hoʻomākaukau ai i ka salads spring spring. Inā pono, lawe ʻia ka lua o ka manawaleʻa ʻana ma hope o 10 mau lā.
ʻO Quinoa hua hua. © Mason FeducciaʻO ka mālama ma hope o ka mālama ʻana
Ma mua o ka lūlū aku, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e hoʻomoʻa i ka lepo a me ka mulch ma hope o ka lulu. Ma mua o nā kūleʻa quinoa loloa, pono ke hoʻomau ʻia ka hoʻomau. Inā pono, wai ka wai mai kahi kanu e hiki wale ke kiko i ke alapine. Lawe ʻia ka wai mua ʻana i ka wā e puka ʻia ai nā lau maoli. ʻOiai i ka wikiwiki wikiwiki, ulu maikaʻi nā mea kanu quinoa ma ka ulu lohi a koi ana i ka mālama ʻana i ke kahua ma kahi kūlana maʻemaʻe. I loko o kēia manawa, ka mālama nui e pili ana i ka luku manual ʻana i nā nāhelehele. Ke hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka pānaʻi o nā mea kanu manu, e mālama pono, he like like ka quinoa me ka puaʻa maʻamau. No kona mea e like me nā mea kū, ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia i ka ʻenehana laiki.
Aia a 30 cm ke kiʻekiʻe, ua lohi ka ulu o nā mea kanu quinoa. Ke komo nei i ka hanana kūkulu ʻana, loaʻa koke nā mea kanu i ka maha ʻōmaʻomaʻo, hoʻolei aku i nā panicle nani nani a me ka pua.
ʻO ka maniua ʻo Quinoa a ka wai
ʻO Quinoa, ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi kumu lāʻau hohonu hohonu loa, ʻaʻole pono e pono ke kau a ʻōlelo ʻia i nā mea kanu makahiki-hoʻomanawanui. Lawa ka wai kū hoʻokahi no ka moʻomeheu i ka manawa mai nā wana lau a i 3 mau lau maoli.
Inā piha ka lepo i ka mea kūlohelohe ma mua o ka lūlū ʻana, a laila ʻaʻole i hoʻokele ʻia ke kō i ka wā ulu. I mea e loaʻa ai nā hopena kiʻekiʻe (a piʻi i ka 18% hoʻonui), hiki i nā mea kanu ke hānai me ka nitrophose a i ʻole nitrous-phosphorus fertilizers i ka manawa o ka inflorescence ejection. ʻO ka nui o nā kūmole, ma kēlā, he 70-90 g a i ka 50 a me 40 g o ka nitrogen a me ka phosphorus ma ke ʻano o ka ammonium nitrate a me nā superphosphate. Hoʻohui ʻia nā pīkoi ma lalo o ka irrigation (ina paha) a i ʻole ka papahele kiʻekiʻe o cm he 10-15 cm a kokoke e wehe me ka wehe ʻana. I ka loaʻa ʻana o ka wai ʻole, ka wā o ka lole o ka wā i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hoʻoili ʻia ma ke ʻano o kahi hopena, e ukali ʻia e ke kanu ʻana ma ka lepo.
Kulanui Quinoa. © zug55Ka pale ʻana i ka quinoa mai nā maʻi a me nā pōpoki
ʻO ka maʻamau pinepine loa, hoʻopili ʻia ka quinoa ma ka pala, hina ka hina, ke puhi kīkē, ke kele ʻana i ke anuanu, ka ʻōpū wahi. I ka home, e hakakā i nā maʻi, pono ʻoe e hoʻohana i nā huahana biola maikaʻi ʻole wale nō i nā kānaka a me nā holoholona e pale i nā mea kanu mai nā maʻi. ʻO kēia ʻo Agat-25, Alirin-B, Gamair, Gliokladin. ʻO nā biofungicides e papa inoa ʻia he mea pono no ka hau o nā ʻano etiologies, rot, ke puhi bakera. ʻO nā Dosages, nā manawa o ka mālama ʻana i nā mea kanu, hoʻohana i nā ʻano wai tank me nā bioinsecticides e hōʻike ʻia ma ka pale a i ʻole nā kuhikuhi no ka hoʻohana ʻana.
ʻAʻole hoʻopōʻino ʻia ʻo Quinoa e nā pōpoki, akā inā ʻike nā ʻelele o nā mea ʻalā a haki paha i nā mea kanu, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana iā Lepidocide, Bitoxibacillin, Fitoverm, Haupsin e like me nā manaʻo i loko o ka hui pū ʻana me nā biofungicides.
Naana
Hoʻopili ʻia ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ma hope o ka aila ʻana a me ka hāʻule ʻana o ka lau. ʻO kekahi manawa me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hamua o ka frinoa ʻaʻohe wa e wā e ʻala. Hiki ke maʻalahi i nā kumukūʻai pōkole a hiki i -2 ... -3 ° С a ulu i nā lā mahana i lalo mai.
Hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka wā maloʻo. Ua ʻoki ʻia nā panicle, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o nā pua me ka lawe ʻana i ka hehi palaoa. Inā kau ka ua i ka ua ma ke aniani e neʻe nei a nalo ke hoʻomaloʻo ma lalo o nā kīwī i loko o ka palapala. Pono lākou i ka maloʻo wikiwiki, no ka mea hiki i nā hua ke kūleʻa i ka lā i ka lā i loko o nā ʻāpana panicles. Kālai ʻia nā panini maloʻo a hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia i ka lepo i ka makani a hoʻohana paha i nā ʻano like ʻole (hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i kahi mea lawelawe hale).
ʻO kahi koho maikaʻi loa no ka mālama ʻana i ka quinoa kahi pahu kōpeku a manuahi paha. Ke waiho ʻia ma lalo o nā kūlana ʻē aʻe, pono e hoʻopili paʻa ʻia nā huahana i nā pahu a mālama ʻia i kahi maloʻo maloʻo ma kahi ʻino a i ʻole ke ana wela.
Ma mua o ka hoʻohana ʻana no ka kuke ʻana, pono e holoi ʻia ʻo quinoa me ka saponin, kahi mea e hāʻawi ai i ka aftertaste ʻōpala i nā pā.
Ke kikowaena quinoa. © Madeline McKeeverE holoi i nā hua kanu i ka wai ma ka mahana o ka lumi, e hoʻololi i ka wai ma kahi o 5 mau manawa a pau i kahi nalo piha ʻana i ka sabs sab. Hāʻawi ʻia kahi ala kumu e kekahi mau māla. Hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻōlima i loko o kahi uluna, waiho ʻia i loko o ka mīkini holoi a huli i ke ʻano holoi ʻana ma nā wikiwiki liʻiliʻi. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā huahana mai nā saponins ma nā kāwele a maloʻo (ʻaʻole ma ke kiʻi kino). E kūʻai ma kahi paʻa paʻa paʻa ʻia a hoʻohana inā pono.
