ʻO Levkoy a i ʻole ka matthiola - ua ʻike ʻia kēia mau pua ākea e hoʻopili ʻia i nā palena o nā kīhāpai aliʻi, nā pā pua aristokrat a me nā māla mua o ka lehulehu. Eia naʻe, ʻano - ʻaʻole hoʻololi wale ka wahine, akā e hele ana i loko o kahi pōʻai - hoʻomaka hou ka kaulana o kēia mau kala e loaʻa i ka ikaika.
ʻO nā mea pua ulu o kēia papa kaona i ko lākou inoa i ka Italian Pietro Mattioli, kahi botanist maikaʻi a he mea hoʻoponopono ola, aia ma ka waena o ka 16 o nā kenekulia, ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea loea nui o ka Europa i nā mea kanu a me nā pua hoʻalaʻala. Ua mahalo nui i kāna mau hoʻoikaika ʻana ua puka mai nā ʻano ʻokoʻa hou a me nā ʻano o nā tulip, daffodils a me nā hyacinths. ʻĀ, e pili ana iā Levkoi ... ʻAʻole i ʻike ʻia nāna ka mea hoʻoikaika, akā ma hope o kekahi manawa, i ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana i kēia ʻike ʻepekema kaulana nui, i loko o ke ʻano o ka inoa inoa inoa botani honua, ua hoʻololi kēia mau pua i ko lākou inoa mai Leucoion (violet keʻokeʻo) a Matthiola.
I kēia manawa Hoʻohui ʻia nā ʻano hua he 2 - levok a i ʻole ka hina hina hina (Matthiola Incana) a me ka pākēnē matthiola (Matthiola Bicornis).
Kepa ʻEpeka
ʻOi aku ma mua o 500 mau ʻano o ka hema o ka lima hema i hoʻonani ʻia i loko o nā māla hui. Ma muli o ka ākea ākea ākea a me nā kala, hiki i ka ulu ke ulu ʻana i kahi ʻano laulā i luna o ka pua pua mai a lākou, e hāʻawi ai i ka leʻala momona mai Iune a Nowemapa, a ma nā ʻaoʻao hema i nā mahina hoʻoilo. ʻO nā momo Dwarf e lilo i nani nani i ka makahiki makahiki a puni o kahi o loko.
ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana i nā ʻano botanical
ʻO Mattiola hina hina (Levkoy), he kānāwai, he makahiki, ʻokoʻa ke kaila o ka makahiki, me ka grassy, pinepine ka lignified kumu lāʻau, hiki ke maʻalahi a branched paha. Oblong-lanceolate, ovate dahon i hoʻonohonoho pono ʻiahiki paha i ka lanana paha a pubescent. ^ E Ha yM. Ma muli o nā ʻano ʻokoʻa lau o ka lau lau - mai ka saturated light green nui a i nā aniani ʻeleʻele hohonu me kahi ʻāpana kālā, ka mea nānā mai ka ʻaoʻao hema a nānā lākou 100 i kēlā me kēia i waena o ka lā.
ʻO Matemola ka pua hina hina no ka manawa lōʻihi, e hoʻolei ana i kekahi mau peduncles i ka huli. ʻO ka inflorescences racemose Upright, o nā ʻano like a me nā pā, e like me nā pua 10-100. ʻO nā paleki, ma ka kanu ʻana i ka hui, he 10-30% maʻalahi, ke koena ka mea ʻāpana hiasan. ʻO nā pua nani he 4, a me nā pua nani o ka helu lehulehu (a i ka 70) o nā petals maʻalahi. He multivariate ka kala, ka nui a me ke ʻano o ka ipo. Hoʻomaka ka puka pua nani i ka 4-5, a pālua a ʻelua a hiki i 20 mau lā. ʻO nā ʻano terry wale nō ke loaʻa nā hiʻohiʻona aesthetic kiʻekiʻe.
Nā hiʻohiʻona hoʻonui
ʻAʻohe mea i makemake nui i ka hema no nā nerds. Hana pāluaʻo Mattiola - kahi mea kanu kūʻokoʻa me kahi ala hoihoi loa o ka hānau ʻana. ʻOiai ka manaʻo o ka maui hema-lika e nā hua, ua pā ka hapa nui o nā inflorescences ma muli o nā hemahema o nā pua ʻelua - ʻaʻole lākou i ka pahi a me nā lāʻau paʻi. ʻO kēia sterility ka ʻano o ka inflrycences terry. ʻO ka pua wale nō o nā pua 4-petal maʻalahi e hoʻopau i nā hua maloʻo me nā hua pua.
He mea hoihoi nō hoʻi ke ala o "conception" - hana ʻia ka polling-iho i loko o kahi ʻōpio'ōpiopio paʻa, a i ka wā e wehe ʻia ai, a laila kīhai ʻia kahi pū liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi e pili ana i ke kumu o ke kea o 4 petals. ʻAʻole like me nā ʻano matthiol ʻē aʻe, mālama ka leukemia i ka nui o ka mea kanu kiʻekiʻe (a hiki i 6 mau makahiki).
No ka hoʻomākaukau ponoʻana pono o nā hua hua, he mea nui loa ia e mālama i kahi kaulike ma waena o ka maʻalahi a me ka terry hema - 10-30% a 90-70%. Nā kāna mea lawe ʻia ma 2 mau pae:
- I ka ʻōpū o ka hōʻiliʻili hua, e ulu mai nā ʻano maʻalahi mai nā ʻōpala a pōmaikaʻi, a ulu nā mea terry mai loko o ka ʻāwīwī a pōkole paha, puʻupuʻu, ʻekaʻaka, kīwī i nā lāʻau e ʻoki ʻia i ka ʻōpala. I ka hopena o Kepakemapa, a i ka huli ʻana o nā polu, pono ia e huki i kahi āpau a maloʻo iā lākou i kahi lumi ventilated. Ma hope o ke maloʻo maloʻo, ʻoki a wāwahi lākou i nā hua.
- Ke ulu ʻana i nā hua kanu - e kau i nā mea kanu no ʻelua lā i loko o kahi lumi me kahi t 6-8 ℃. I nā mea kanu terry, e huli nā lau cotyledonous i nā kukui ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a i nā mea kanu maʻalahi, e lilo lākou i ʻōuli uliuli.
Lulu kanu
Ke koho nei i kahi māla no ka mea kanu, pono e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia ka haʻalele hema, e pili ana i ka lōʻihi o ke kau ʻana o ka hoʻolālā, ua māhele ʻia i 3 mau māhele a koi aku i kahi ala pilikino.
| Kahi helu | Noho wā | Ke ulu nei | ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pua |
|---|---|---|---|
| Lāʻau (var. Annua) | Malaki - ʻApelila (nā hua), ka hopena o ʻApelila (ma ka papa ākea) | hāmama | Iune - Iulai |
| ʻEkē (var. Autumnalis) | ka hopena o ʻApelila - hoʻomaka o Mei | hāmama | ka hopena o ke kauwela |
| ʻO ka hoʻoilo (var. Hibema) | Iune - Iulai | ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, hale | puna |
ʻO nā ʻano o ka hoʻoilo a me nā hoʻoilo i ka ʻaoʻao waena i ka wahi ākea ʻole ka hoʻoiloNo laila, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea kiʻekiʻe no ka distillation a ʻokiʻoki, a pale ʻia no ka home e ulu ana i nā kō. ʻO Levkoy, lūlū ʻia ma ke ʻano ākea, hiki i nā pua ke hala ma mua o nā mea kanu.
Papa ʻāina waho
No ka levkoy, huamaha a me nā ʻeleʻele wai me ka alkaline a i ʻole neutral ph. E pono e hoʻomoʻi maikaʻi a hoʻoilo ʻia ka pūnaewele. I mea e pale ʻole ai i ka maʻi me ka kaʻa crossiferous, pale i nā wahi i ulu ai nā mea kanu cruciferous ma mua, a i ʻole ma mua o ke hoʻololi ʻana e lapaau ana i ka lepo me Hom. ^ E Ha yM. Ma ka hoʻokō ʻana i kēia mau koi, e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻoe i ka mālama ʻē aʻe o nā mea kanu.
Ke kanu nei i nā hua kanu ma ka hamama, kahi lūlū liʻiliʻi ke ninini ʻia i loko o nā puʻu pāpaku. Ma hope o ka ulu ʻana o nā huaʻai, he ʻoki ʻia ke aniani:
- I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā lau cotyledonary ʻelua - ʻo ka mamao ma waena o nā mea i pihi e lilo i 8 cm cm.
- I ke kumu 4-5 o kēia ʻāpana. Ma muli o ka lua (i ke kolu o ka manamanalima), ʻo ka mamao ma waena o nā mea kanu lāʻau hoʻokahi mai ka 15 a 20 cm, a ma waena o nā ʻāpana a i ʻole ka pyramidal ma mua o 25-30 cm. . ^ E Ha yM.
Ka hana ʻano hua
Ma mua o ke kanu ʻana, kanu ʻia nā hua a Leukkoy i ka wai a hiki i ka pua (ma kahi lā). A laila, kāʻei i ka lole pale, stratify no kekahi mau lā i ka pahu manu. Pono nā ipu ʻolima no ka mea hoʻoulu me ka launa piha o ka turf a me ka one - 3: 1. ʻAʻole hiki ke lawe i ka lepo mai kahi pūnaewele kahi i ulu ai nā mea kanu cruciferous - e loaʻa ai nā hua ma ke kuapo a me nā wāwae ʻeleʻele.
Ke kanu i ka mea kanu, pono ia e hoʻāʻo i ka lūlū nui i nā hua kanu a i ka hohonu o ke kahe o ka cm cm. Ua uhi ʻia ka pahu me nā kiʻi a waiho ʻia i kahi wahi pōʻeleʻele me t = 22-25 ℃. Hoʻohui ʻia nā hua he 4-5 lā, e hiki a hiki i 2 wiki. I ka hiki koke ʻana mai o ka mea kanu, pono e hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka kiʻi leo a hoʻokomo i ka pahu ma lalo o ke kukui e hoʻomālamalama ʻia i loko o kahi lumi me kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma 10-12 ℃. ʻO ka hoʻoheheʻe mua i nā mea kanu ke lawe ʻia i nā lā 2-3 ma hope o ke kūleʻa ʻana.
Ma hope o 10-12 mau lā mai ke ʻano o nā mea kanu, ua hū aku nā hua kanu i loko o nā cassettes me kahi hui ʻana o ke one (1), lau lepo (2) a me nā turf (2). Mai hoʻolohe i ka mea ʻole i kanu ʻole nā mea kanu i nā lau maoli. I ka wā huakaʻi, makemake ʻia hoʻoikaika i ka ʻōnaehana kumu e kekahi mau ao hou, a i ka wā i kū mua ʻia nā lau ʻelua mua, e hānai i kahi pāʻina hoʻokahi me ka microdoses: keleawe keleawe (0.3 g), manganate sulfate (0.3 g), zinc (0.1 g), waikawa boric (0 , 3 g).
ʻElua mau pule ma mua o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka ʻāina ākea, lawe lākou, e piʻi mālie ana i ka manawa, nā hana paʻakikī.
Pono e kanu ʻia nā mea kanu ma ka puka ākea ma hope o Mei 15. ʻAʻole ʻoe e makaʻu i ka hoʻihoʻi mai i nā pōkā - e hoʻoponopono maikaʻi nā ʻaoʻao hema i kēlā mau pilikia. No ka mālama maikaʻi aku, kanu ʻia nā mea kanu i loko o nā lua lepo, nui ka wai me ka wai. Ma hope o ka hoʻopiha ʻana i nā lua - ua paʻa pono ka honua. ʻO ka waena ma waena o nā mea kanu stunted a me nā kumu pākahi hoʻokahi 15x15 a i ʻole 20x20 cm; no nā kūlana kiʻekiʻe a branched - 25x25 a 30x30 cm paha.
Nā Manuia
Ma mua o kekahi e makemake e leʻaleʻa ʻaʻole i ka ʻohu, akā, ʻo ka nani hoʻi o nā pua terry, e lilo ia i koho paʻakikī. A eia eia ʻaʻole wale ke koho o ka mea kanu lāʻau a i ʻole nā kala o nā lau a me nā pua. Hāʻawi pū kekahi 8 mau ʻano kaila o kēlā me kēia.
Mattiola - ʻ Emlelo o nā ʻoni o ka leo inconceivable
ʻO kahi ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka matthiola - bicorn, ua ulu ʻaʻole no ka "noʻonoʻo", akā no ka "ʻala". Kūkala nā pua Nondescript i ka pua nani i ka ʻoliʻoli mai ka lā a me ka piʻi ʻana o ka lā.
Ke koho nei ke koho ʻana i kēia ʻano ʻōiwi i ka holomua a me nā ʻano ʻoniʻoni o kahi ʻala. No laila, ʻo Mattiola bicorn ka mea, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai nui ia loulou makahiki mai 40 a 50 cm kiʻekiʻe me nā lau lula serrated ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Kūkulu ʻia nā hua i kahi poli i hoʻopau ʻia me 2 mau pū. Mālama ke ʻano o nā leukemia lepēpē a hiki i ka 3 mau makahiki. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa nā lula no ke kanu ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka pā hulu hina matthiola.
ʻO ka mālama ʻana a Levkoy a me Mattiola
ʻO nā pōkiʻi pōkole ʻole kekahi moʻino nui, akā, e koi mau i ka nānā kūpono a me ka maʻamau.
- nā kaulike kaulike - lawe ʻia i kahi manawa kūpono, ʻoiai ʻaʻole hiki i nā pua ke kū i ka waterlogging a me ka hiʻona;
- ʻoi ka papa ʻaina mineral - pono ke kākoʻo i ka puna wai me ka piha o ka minamina mineral, a ma ka wā o ka pua - potasi-fosfor.
- kaua i ke kaua o cruciferous - ma ke kaohi ʻana, he 3-maululu (me nā mea hōʻino o 4-5 mau lā) e lawe ʻia pono, hohonu, ma nā ʻaoʻao a pau, ka hoʻoili ʻana i nā lau me ka lehu ahi a i ʻole nā mea inikua kūikawā;
- ka luku ʻana i nā nāhelehele a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka lepo - e lawe ʻia ma hope o kēlā me kēia ua a hoʻoinu hoʻi no ke aʻa piha "hanu";
- mulching - aloha nā Matthiols i ka nānā nui, no ka wela loa, akā ʻaʻole pono lākou i nā makahiki he nui i ka makahiki kanu;
- hoʻomākaukau no ka hoʻoilo - e huki ʻia nā mea kanu ma ka waena waena, ua ʻeli a hoʻokaʻawale i ke kahua, a ma nā ʻaoʻao hema ke ʻoki ʻia nā matthiols i ka pae o ka ʻāina.
Ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke anuanu, ʻo Mattiolu hiki ke kanu i ka pā a hoʻomau ka ulu ʻana i ka home. ʻO ka lāʻau matthiola terry i aloha ʻia a me kāna mea ʻala maikaʻi e hāʻawi i ka leʻaleʻa i nā pō hoʻoilo loloa a ʻaʻole pono e mālama pono.
"Came," lele mai elm a elm, a puka koke aku nō ke kaumaha, me he mea lā e hele ana i ka pae kiʻekiʻe loa, ke ʻano hiamoe ʻole o ka matthiol. B. Pasternak.
