Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Ferns i nā mea kanu no ke keʻena o nā mea kanu vascular. ʻO lākou kahi hiʻohiʻona o nā flora kahiko, no ka mea, i ʻike ʻia ko lākou mau kūpuna ma ka Honua 400 miliona mau makahiki i hala aku nei i ka manawa Deviano. I kēlā manawa ke nui loa lākou a noho aliʻi ma ka honua.
He hiʻohiʻona maʻalahi ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia. Eia nō naʻe, ʻoi aku lākou i kēia mau mea he 10 tausani mau inoa a me nā inoa. Eia nō kekahi, hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa nāʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe, nā hiʻohiʻona papa a me nā alakine ola.
ʻO ka wehewehe ʻana iā Ferns
Ma muli o kā lākou hoʻolālā, hana pono nā ferns i ke kaiapili, e like me ka mako. Mai ka wā e hoʻomāhuahua lākou e hoʻopuka ana i ka nui o nā spora, ulu nui lākou i kēlā me kēia wahi. Ma hea e ulu ai:
Ma nā ululāʻau kahi a lākou i manaʻo nui ai.- Kau.
- I ka wai.
- I ka mauna.
- Ma nā wao.
Ma nā ululāʻau kahi a lākou i manaʻo nui ai.Loaʻa pinepine nā kamaʻāina o nā kauwela a me nā kamaʻāina iā ia i kā lākou mau mea poki, ma hea lākou e hakakā ai iā ia e like me ka weuweu. E hoihoi wale nō ka nui o nā nahele lāʻau mea kanu ma ka ʻāina wale nō, akā ma nā lālā a me nā wahi lāʻau. Pono ia e hoʻomaopopo he lāʻau kēia e hiki ka nahele a me ka mauʻu.
Kupanaha kēia mea kanu i kēlā mea, inā he hapa nui o nā ʻelele o ka pua flora e ka hua, a laila hoʻohele ʻia kēia māla ma o nā pua i kāwili ʻia ma lalo o nā lau.
Noho ana ka nahele fern ma kahi kūikawā i ka mika Slavic, ʻoiai mai ka wā kahiko aia hoʻi kahi manaʻoʻiʻo ma ka pō o Ivan Kupala e pua koke nei.
ʻO ka mea e mālama e ʻohi i kahi pua, hiki iā ia ke loaʻa ka waiwai, loaʻa ka makana o ka clairvoyance, aʻo i nā mea huna o ka honua. Akā i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ʻaʻole pono ka pua, no ka mea, e hoʻolaha ʻia ana i nā ʻano ʻē aʻe.
Eia kekahi, hiki ke ʻai ʻia kekahi mau ʻano. O nā mea ʻē aʻe o kēia keʻena, i kā ke ʻano, he ʻona. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia lākou e like me nā mea kanu hale. ʻO kahi lāʻau i hoʻohana ʻia i kekahi mau ʻāina ma ke ʻano he kūkulu hale.
Ua hoʻolako ʻia nā ferns kahiko ma ke ʻano he kumu waiwai i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka lānaho, e lilo i mea hana i ke alapuni o ka carbon ma ka honua.
He aha ka hana o nā mea kanu
ʻAʻole hana a kahi ʻala i kahi kumu kūlehu i ulu i kahi aʻa aʻa. Mai nā pua o nā lau rhizome e ulu - nā vayas, kahi ʻāpana paʻakikī loa.
ʻAʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia ʻo Vaiyas ka lau maʻamau, akā ʻo kā lākou prototype, he ʻano lālā ia e hoʻopili ai i ka petiole, aia ma ka pae like. I loko botani ua kapa ʻia ʻo waii he ʻāpana laupili.
Hana nā Wii i ʻelua mau mea nui. Lawe lākou i ke kaʻina hana o ke kiʻi photosynthesis, a ma ko lākou ʻaoʻao ʻalaluna liʻiliʻi ma ke ʻano he nui, me ke kōkua o nā mea kanu e hānau ai.
Hana ʻia ke kākoʻo kākoʻo e ka ʻā o nā kumu lāʻau. ʻAʻohe o cslosa a Fern, no laila nā ikaika haʻahaʻa ʻaʻole hoʻi he mau puʻu makahiki. ʻAʻole ulu ʻia ka ʻōpiopio i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā mea kanu huaʻai.
He mea kūpono ia e hilinaʻi nui ana ka kolohe i ka ʻano. He mau wahi liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi nā mea kanu i hiki ke nalowale i nā koena o ka poʻe o ka honua, akā aia pū kekahi manuapohoohalike i na laau.
No laila, ʻo nā mea kanu mai ka ʻohana o cateenae, e ulu ana i nā mokupua, e ulu a hiki i 20 mau mika. ʻO ka plexus o ke aʻa subordinate e hoʻopuka i ka ʻōpala o ke kumulāʻau, e pale aku ana i ka hāʻule.
I loko o nā mea kanu aku, hiki i ka rhizome ke lōʻihi i ka lōʻihi o 1 mika, a ʻo ka ʻaoʻao o ka papahele ʻaʻole eʻoi aku i 20 mau kenimika ke kiʻekiʻe.
Nā ʻōnaʻi
ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona nui e hoʻokaʻawale i kēia mea kanu mai ka mea ʻē aʻe kekahi mea hoʻohālikelike. Hiki iā ia ke hana i kēia ma o nā spora, a maikaʻi a me nā moʻowai.
Hoʻopilikia ke ʻano hou. Ma lalo o ka pale hoʻomohala a sporophylls. ^ E Ha yM. A hāʻule ka spora i ka lepo, ulu mai nā mea e ulu mai iā lākou, ʻo ia hoʻi, he mau gametophyte bisexual.
ʻO nā mea e ulu ai nā papa ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 1 centimeter ka nui, ma luna o ka mea i loaʻa i nā ʻano. Ma hope o ka lulu ʻana, ua kū ʻia kahi zygote, kahi e ulu ai kahi mea kanu hou.
ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻekekikua ʻelua i nā ferns: asexual, ka mea i hōʻike ʻia e sporophytes, a me ka moekolohe, kahi i hoʻomohala ʻia nā gametophytes. ʻO ka hapanui o nā mea kanu he sporophytes.
Hiki i nā sporophyte ke hoʻohua ala ʻano. ^ E Ha yM. Inā waiho ka lau ma ka lepo, a laila hiki no iā lākou ke hoʻomohala hou i kahi kanu hou.
Nā ʻano a me nā ʻano
I kēia lā, aia mau tausani kaukani, 300 genera a me 8 mau haʻahaʻa. ʻEkolu mau piliona i manaʻo ʻia ua pau. No nā koina puaa koe, hiki ke kahakaha ʻia nā mea aʻe, penei:
Malawaea.- Nā Wahine kāne.
- Nā ʻōpala maoli.
- Māhule
- Salvinia.
Malawaea.Ke kaha
ʻO nā wahine wahine ka manaʻo i ka wā kahiko a me ka primitive. I ko lākou helehelena like ʻana, ʻaʻole ʻokoʻa i kā lākou mau hoa. No laila, hoʻokahi lau lau maʻamau, hoʻokahi pelekane, ʻo ia he pā paʻa, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā ʻāpana sterile a spore-bear.
ʻO nā wahine kāne make ʻokoʻa i loaʻa iā lākou nā ʻamo o ka cambium a me na kiko conductive hui. Ma ka helu hoʻokahi a ʻelua mau lau paha i kēlā me kēia makahiki, e ka helu o nā kaʻi ma ka rhizome hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka makahiki o ka mea kanu.
Hiki ke loaʻa i nā ʻōhulu lāʻau ma ka manawa kūpono no kekahi mau makahiki, no laila, ʻaʻole liʻiliʻi iki kēia lāʻau liʻiliʻi ma mua o nā kumulāʻau e hoʻopuni ana iā ia. ʻO liʻiliʻi ka nui o nā edibles, ma ka awelika, lākou kiʻekiʻe he 20 kenimita.
ʻO nā ferns Maratti kekahi pūʻulu kahiko o nā mea kanu. Noho lākou i ka honua āpau, akā i kēia manawa ke emi mau nei kā lākou helu. Hiki i nā hiʻohiʻona o kēia wā e loaʻa i nā ʻike kūloko. Ke ulu nui nei ʻo Vaillas o nā Marattiev i ʻelua mau lālani a hiki i 6 mau mika ka lōʻihi.
Nā ʻōpala maoli
ʻO kēia ka hapa nui loa. Ke ulu nei lākou ma nā wahi a pau: ma nā wao nahele, nā ululāʻau, ma nā ʻōpala, ma nā pili pōhaku. Hiki i ka mea maoli ke lilo i nā mea kanu herbaceous a ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha.
ʻO kēia papa, ka mea maʻamau mau ʻano mai ka ʻohana multi-track. ^ E Ha yM. Ma Lūkini, ua ulu pinepine lākou ma nā ulu lāʻau, makemake i ka pākū, ʻoiai inā ua hoʻokaʻawale kekahi mau ʻelele i ke ola ma nā wahi hoʻomālamalama me ka loaʻa ʻole o ka wai.
Ma nā waihona pōhaku, hiki ke loaʻa he naturist naturalist ʻōwili lauwili. ^ E Ha yM. He lāʻau liʻiliʻi kēia me nā lau anuanu. He ʻaloʻawa nui.
Ma nā ululāʻau lūlū, e lulu i nā nāhelehele a i nā kapa muliwai ʻOstrich maʻamau. ^ E Ha yM. Ua wehewehe maikaʻi ʻo ia i nā lau loiloi a me nā kuʻi puaʻa. Hoʻohana ʻia ka Rhizome i ka lāʻau lapaʻau iwi ma kahi anthelmintic.
I nā ululāʻau deciduous a coniferous i ka lepo lepo thyroid. ^ E Ha yM. He mau mea pūpono ka makewai, eia naʻe, ʻo ka filmcin i loko o ia mea e hoʻohana ʻia ai i ka lāʻau lapaʻau.
Nā wahine coder He mea maʻamau loa ia ma Rusia. He nui nā lau nui, e hiki ana i ka lōʻihi o hoʻokahi mita. Hoʻoulu ia i nā ulu lāʻau āpau, hoʻohana ʻia e like me kahi māla hana e nā mea hoʻolālā ʻāina.
I nā lāʻau hina maʻamau bracken. ^ E Ha yM. He koʻikoʻi kēia lāʻau lāʻau. Ma muli o ka hiki o ka protein a me nā hua māka i loko ona, hoʻopau ʻia nā mea kanu ma hope o ka hana ʻana. ʻO ka honu o nā lau ka ʻona i nā pepeke.
Holoi ʻia ka bracken rhizome i ka wai, no laila inā pono, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me ka paepae. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona maʻamau o ka bracken maʻamau e pālahalaha wikiwiki a hiki i ka wā i hoʻohana ʻia i ka māla a i ʻole ka mākeke, pono e kaupalena ʻia ka mea kanu.
Wai
ʻO Marsilia a me salvinia nā lāʻau kanu. Hoʻopili lākou i lalo a i lalo paha ma ka wai o ka wai.
Paʻi ʻia ʻo Salvinia ulu a ulu i loko o nā kaila ʻāina o ʻApelika, ʻAsia, ma ka hema o ʻEulopa. Hoʻohui ʻia ia e like me kanu kanu. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ʻo Marsilieva i waho e kūleʻa ai kekahi, ua manaʻo ʻia kekahi mau mea like ʻole.
ʻO ka hua kanu maʻamau, ʻo Fern. He mōʻaukala kahiko, ʻokoʻa like ia mai nā poʻe ʻē aʻe o ka pua o ka Honua. Akā he nui nā mea he nani o ka hiʻohiʻona, no laila me kona leʻaleʻa hoʻohana i nā mea florists i ka hoʻomākaukauʻana o nā bouquets a me nā mea hoʻolālā i ka hoʻolālā o ka māla.
