ʻO ka mōʻaukala o nā mea kanu i hānai ʻia e ke kanaka he mau millennia. ʻO ka launa pū ʻana me nā anthuriums, ʻo ia kekahi o ka moakāne o ka ʻohana Aroid, i hoʻomaka ai hoʻokahi wale a mai ka hapa ma hope o nā kenekulia, akā a hiki i kēia manawa ke ʻano nui a me nā manaʻo kuhi hewa i nā mea kanu.
Ua lohe pinepine kekahi i nā manaʻo e pili ana i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Anthurium a ʻo ka pua o nā pua ulu maoli ʻo ia ka poʻe kamaʻāina o ka Pākīpika Kahuna, ʻo ia pū me Hawaiʻi. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻo ka hele ʻana i kēia paradaiso o ka honua hiki ʻole ke kahaha i ka ʻano o ka honua o ke kanu, kahi e noho ai ʻo Anthuriums i kahi o nā wahi nui.
I kēia lā, ʻo kēia moʻomeheu e manaʻo ʻia ʻo ka "naʻau o Hawaii," he hōʻailona a me kahi kamaʻāina kūloko. Nui nā ʻano kupaianaha ʻē aʻe a keu ʻole nā mokupuni ʻē aʻe ma nā mokupuni, akā, ke kue ʻole nei i ka manaʻo kumu a nā Hawaiʻi nei i manaʻoʻiʻo ai, ʻaʻohe ma kahi o nā wahi hānau ʻo Anthurium.
ʻAuhea ke wahi hānau o ka anthurium?
ʻO ka wehe i kekahi o ka nui o ka honua o nā mea kanu i hana i ka makahiki 1876, i ka manawa a ka poʻe hoihoi botani mai Farani Eduard Andre e hele nei a puni ʻAmelika Hema, ʻaʻole i ʻike i kekahi o nā koina o ka anthurium ma kona pukaaniani. Ua lawe ʻia aku kahi mea kanu laha ma ʻEulopa, kahi i kuhi ʻia ai nā uluna pua o Kolombia i wehewehe ʻia a loaʻa ka inoa ʻo Anthurium andreanum.
Ua loaʻa i kahi mea kanu me nā pua ʻōmaʻomaʻo a e kūkulu i nā peduncles poni me nā inflorescences cob a me nā ʻulaʻula ulaula i ʻike ʻia e pālahalaha loa ma Colombia a ʻĀpana ʻākau. ʻO kēia nā wahi e hiki ke noʻonoʻo ʻia i ka ʻāina hānau o Anthurium a me kahi ʻano kikowaena o ka pālahalaha ʻana i ka moʻomeheu a puni ka honua.
ʻO kekahi o nā wahi mua i hāʻule ai ʻo Anthuriums e ka makemake o ka poʻe ʻEulopa, a lilo ʻo ia i Hawaii. I ka makahiki 1889, ua lawe ʻo Samuel Damon i ka hana mina misionari, a ua lilo ʻo ia i Kuhina Waiwai o ke Aupuni Repubalika, a ua lilo ʻo ia i Kuhina Waiwai o ke Aupuni.
ʻO kekahi kuhi hewa e pili ana i nā lāʻau hiki ke kapa ʻia he anthurium. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā mea ulu pua e noho wale nō i ka Anthurium andreanum a me Anthurium scherzerianum me nā pālahalaha wai. ʻAʻole pēlā kēia.
Nā Manaʻo Kūʻē
Ka mea i loko o South South a Central ʻApelika ʻaʻole wale nā mea kanu me nā uhi pale e ʻike ʻia, akā nā ʻano ʻē aʻe ʻē aʻe.
Hoʻokomo lākou iā lākou i loko o genus Anthuriums a mahalo nui ʻia i nā mea kanu kanu āpau, e komo pū ana me nā mea kanu i loko. Ua lilo ʻo Bloom Anthuriums ma ka home a me ka honua a puni nā mea kanu kūloko a me nā mea kanu, ua mahalo ʻia lākou no ka nani o waho a me ka ulu ʻana o ka inflorescences ʻokiʻoki, mālama i ka wai hou mai 2 a 8 mau pule.
I kēia lā, e like me nā manaʻo no ka ʻimiʻepekema o ka ʻepekema, ʻo kā genuri Anthurium, ka mea e palahalaha ana i nā wahi i subtropical a me nā pōkole o ka ʻāina ʻAmelika mai Mexico a Paraguay, he 800 mau ʻano. A i ka makahiki 2010, ua hoʻolaha ka poʻe botani i kahi o nā ʻano anthuriums a me ka pono e hoʻomau a hoʻomaʻamaʻa pū i ka flora o ʻAmelika.
Hoʻopaha nā aniani i nā puʻu Andes a me Cordillera. Maanei, makemake ʻo nā mea kanu e noho i nā haʻahaʻa a hiki i 3.5 km ma luna o ke kai. Eia kekahi, ma waena o nā mea noho o nā ʻōpala laupili e hiki ke loaʻa nā mea kanu ʻāina a me nā epiphyte, me nā mea ʻano e noho nei kekahi niche waena. Kūpono nā wai maʻamau, e hoʻomaka ana i ko lākou mau makahiki ma lalo o ka nahele o ka nahele, me ka hoʻoikaika, me ke kōkua o nā aʻa a me nā ʻūhala, e ala aʻe i ka lā. Ma lalo iho nei, i loko o savannas me ke anuanu haʻahaʻa, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa hoʻi i nā anthuriums, i kūpono ʻia i kēia ʻano ola.
E hōʻike kahi wikiō e pili ana iā Anthurium i nā hiʻohiʻona o nā mea kanu, nā mea noho a kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā ʻano kūpono no ka ulu ʻana o ka home.
He kiʻekiʻe loa ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā ʻano anthuriums. Hoʻonohonoho maikaʻi lākou i ka ʻāina, ʻo nā ʻano lāʻau like ʻehā. Me he mea lā ka nui a me nā nīnū liʻiliʻi ma nā ʻōpala a me nā lālā o nā kumulāʻau e nānā i nā rosettes o nā anthuriums. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole pili nā mea kanu. ʻAʻole lākou e lawe i nā mea waiʻona a me ka mea ʻai mai nā ʻano lāʻau i komo ai lākou, akā, ʻai i nā waihona liʻiliʻi o nā mea ʻala a me ka ea hau a me ka oxygen.
ʻO ka mea wale nō i hāʻawi ʻole i ka mea kanu ka wai.
ʻOiai ka manaʻo nui o ka makemake o Anthurium no ka makuku a hiki i ka hiki ke ulu ʻana i loko o ka wai aku, ʻaʻole kekahi o nā ʻano loina i aʻo ʻia i ke ola ma ka wai.
Ke hoʻohālikelike nei, ulu ʻo Anthurium amnicola ma nā kahakai kahakai, pili paʻa iā lākou me nā aʻa. Hāʻawi kēia i ka mea kanu i ka manawa e loaʻa ai ka oxygen mai ka hau hau e hele mai ana mai ke kahawai, akā, maloʻo nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo a pau.
Aia ka ʻāina āpau i kahi Anthuriums - ʻo ia nō ʻo South Hema a me Central Central. Akā ma muli o nā kūlana e ulu ana, e ʻokoʻa nui ka nui o nā anthuriums a me ko lākou hiʻohiʻona mai nā ʻano ʻano ʻano like ʻole.
He aha ke ʻano o ka anthurium?
He ʻokoʻa nā Anthuriums, ʻoiai ka hapanui o nā ʻano, ʻaʻole i like ia me kahi papa moe ulaula e like me ka papa ʻaina, a ʻo ka nui o nā mea kanu ke hiki ke ʻano a me ka nani loa.
Loaʻa ka Anthuriums ma nā wahi he nui o ʻAmelika Hema a me Central. Akā e like me ka mea i ʻōlelo ʻia mai ai e ka poʻe huaʻōlelo, ʻo ka ʻāina hānau o Anthuriums me ka pua ʻōpiopio ʻo ia ka ʻaoʻao komohana o ka Andes ma ʻEkuador a me Colombia. ʻO nā mea ʻē aʻe i makemake ʻole ʻia no ka honi o ka inflorescences, akā, no ka mea pili i nā foliage, he nui nā ʻano aniani a me ka nui. Eia nō naʻe, no nā anthuriums ākea nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau.
ʻO ka hapanui o nā anthuriums he pōkole, pinepine i nā wā make, paʻa i nā ʻāpana o nā lau make, nā aerial a me nā lau. ʻO ka mahalo, nā lau i loko o kēlāʻano ʻano like ke loaʻa i kahi ʻanoʻokoʻa, ka nui a me ka texture. I ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka pahu hau a i ʻole nā pahu kuhi, e like me nā anthuriums pua ulu maʻamau, nā lau, hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa nā ʻano me nā peleka lauahi, lanceolate, solid or dissected plate. Hoʻopili ʻia nā lau ma ke kumu me ke kōkua o nā liʻi a i ʻole nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi.
Ke ulu e ulu ana, e hoʻolōʻihi pono nei ka anthurium iā ia iho, me kaʻole wale nō o nā mea ʻōlima.
ʻO ka nui o ka anthurium e hilinaʻi nui i nā papa pepa, hiki ke lōʻihi i ka lōʻihi o 15 cm i hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mika. ʻOkoʻa e like me nā ʻāpana a me nā nui o nā lau, pēlā nō nā ʻano o kona mau papa. Hoʻopili i nā lau momona a maikaʻi loa, e like me ka anthurium o Andre, hiki ke loaʻa ʻoe i nā lau elastic, a me nā lau me ka wai māla, e like me ka anthurium a Khrustalny.
Ma nā ululāʻau mānoʻomaʻu, kahi he kiʻekiʻe ka nui o ka wai, a he mea nui ia e hala ʻole i hoʻokahi hihi o ka lā, ua aʻo ʻia e Anthuriums e huli i nā papa lau a no laila e kuhikuhi mau ʻia i ka lā. ʻO nā Epiphyte e noho i nā wahi drier ka mea e loaʻa ai ka meaʻai a me ka momona ma muli o ke ʻano conical o ka rosette o nā lau. Ke koena o ka mea kanu, nā pāla humus, a me nā māla e pono ai no ka mea kanu i hāʻule lō i loko.
Hoʻohui ʻia ka pua pua o ka anthurium me kahi kuhi maʻamau i loko o ka honua. ʻO ka mea e manaʻo ai he pua nui, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ia ka ulu ʻana a me ka lau māmā i hoʻololi ʻia, bract. Aia nā hopena like me nā pihi spathiphyllum hōʻaiʻe.
ʻO ka inflorescence ma ke ʻano o kahi cob, me kahi bisexual ke wehe ʻole ʻia i nā pua, hiki ke alakaʻi a i ʻole ke kiko, i ke ʻano o ka cone a i kū ai paha ma ka hope o ka cylinder. ʻOkoʻa ke kala o ka inflorescence ʻokoʻa, keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele a ʻōmaʻomaʻo paha i ʻulaʻula, poni a ʻulaʻula paha. Ke ulu nei, ma kekahi mau ʻano uluʻe ke ʻano.
ʻAʻole puni ke anthurium pepeiao e ka petal nui, akā ma kahi hiʻi, he lau maoli nō ia, ʻoiai he ʻano hiʻohiʻona maʻamau a ʻano like ʻole. I nā ʻano o anthurium no ka home, he nui loa kēia a uhi a me ka hiʻona. A pēlā ka lāʻau i kapa ʻia i kēia lā ʻo ka "lacquer" a i ʻole ka "puʻu" "pua. He kūpono loa ia inoa i nā popo o nā lā hou me nā papa moe ʻaʻole i hoʻokahi wale nō ʻoniʻoni, akā, ʻo ke hoʻohui pū ʻana i ʻelua a ʻekolu paha mau lau i ʻike ʻia i loko o ke ʻano.
Akā i loko o nā ʻano leʻa-deciduous, he paʻakikī ke kohu i ka manawa i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā mea āpau, ʻaʻole i pale i nā mea kanu mai ka huki ʻana i nā pepeke maikaʻiʻole.
Ke pau ka hana ʻana i kahi papa huki, ua kūkulu ʻia nā hua liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi a i ʻole nā hua i loko o ka cob. I loko o nā hua palaʻai i 1 a 4 mau hua, aia ma ke ʻano, i loko o ka ʻāina home o nā anthuriums, i lawe ʻia e nā manu a me nā rodents.
ʻO nā ʻano like a me nā ʻehā o Anthurium no ka home
ʻO ka kaulana nui o nā pua puaʻa Anthurium ua alakaʻi i ka hana e holo nei ka hana ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa e loaʻa i nā ʻano hou a me nā pilela pīhoihoi. Hōʻike nā Breeders i kā lākou mau hoʻokō ʻaʻole wale ma nā hale kūʻai kūʻai, akā aia nō hoʻi i nā hōʻike pua, e like me, no ka laʻana, ka nui o ka hoʻolauleʻa kūloko nui o Extravaganza ma lalo o ka kiai ʻana o ke Kamāliʻiwahine o Wales.
I ka hopena, he nani nā mea kanu a ʻokoʻa ʻole i ka helehelena, ulu ʻia e nā mea ulu o kēia wā, ʻokoʻa nā ʻano like ʻole i nā ʻano i ʻike ʻia i ka wā i ʻike ʻia ai i ka ʻāina ʻo Anthurium, ma ka ʻāina o ʻAmelika.
ʻO ka hana Hybrid e pili me ka pollination o kekahi mea kanu me ka hae i lawe ʻia mai kekahi mea ʻē aʻe. Kuhi ʻia kēlā hana i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻano meʻe o nā kaila e ʻoi aku a nui, nā lau nani a i ʻole nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe i makemake ʻia e ka mea kālepa. Ke hoʻohui i ka hopena, pono ka manawa a hoʻonui i nā hanauna he nui.
ʻO nā ʻenehana o kēia mau makahiki, ka mea e hoʻopili ai ka ulu ʻana mai nā hua kanu, akā mai ka moʻomeheu kikoʻi e lawe ana i nā ʻike āpau e pili ana i ka mea kanu makuahine, hiki ke hōʻemi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ke koho ʻana. Mahalo i kēia hana biochemical paʻakikī i kēia lā, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā mea kanu anthurium i hāʻawi ʻia e ke kālepa no ka home, ʻo ka māla a me ka ʻoki ʻia.
Mahalo i kēlā me kēia hana ikaika, ua kū mai nā anthuriums, ʻo ka nui o nā mea kūpono loa ka ulu ʻana i ka home, a me nā mea kanu me nā ʻulaʻula like ʻole. Akā ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia nā hoʻokō ʻepekema a me nā ʻenehana hou i ka pono o ka mea ulu.
ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka mea ulu mea kālepa e hoʻohana pinepine ana i ka gibberellic acid a i ʻole GA3 e ulu ai i nā anthuriums. ʻO kēia mea kanu he lāʻau lāʻau e pili ana i ka nui a me ka maikaʻi o ka pua, a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā inflorescences.
Ma muli o ke kaʻina hana me kahi like ʻole, ua manaʻo ʻia ka anthurium no ka home, me ka hoʻomohala ʻana, e hele mai i luna o ka hoa kuʻi. I ka manawa i loko o ka hale, paʻakikī nā mea maʻamau e ʻae i ka acclimatization, a laila hiki ke hoʻonāukiuki, no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka maʻalahi ma mua o ke kūʻai.
