ʻIke ka poʻe āpau i ka waiwai nui o kēia mea kanu, a aneane nui aʻe nā mea a kēia mea kanu i ulu i loko o ka māla. Aniani - kekahi o nā huahana kaulana loa a keu kahiko nā mea kanu. No nā makahiki ʻeono mau makahiki, ʻai nā kānaka ia mea a hoʻohana iā ia no nā lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻAi mākou i ke kaona aniani i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa, no ka mea he mea mahalo nui ʻia ia mai ka hua a hiki i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana. ʻO kēia ʻatikala ka mea e pili ana i ka ʻenehana ʻoihana mahiai o nā ʻala: ka lūlū a kanu ʻana, mālama, mālama pū pest.
Naʻu
Ka Wahi Kakau ʻO Botanical
Naʻu Latin - Allium cepa, folk - arbazheyka, bulbyanka, tsybul, sibul. ʻO ka mea maʻamau ka meaʻokoʻa o nā aniani. Mahele i var. viviparum (multi-tiered) a me var. solaninum (multi-crested). ʻĀina - ʻĀina Asia. Pāla ʻia ia i nā wahi a pau. Kanu kanu (ma ka moʻomeheu - biennial).
Onila umeke a hiki i 15 cm ke anawaena, membranous. He maloʻo nā ʻōlaʻi ma waho, ʻeleʻele, ʻoniʻoni a ʻulaʻula ʻole; kūloko - kūʻai, keʻokeʻo, ʻōmaʻomaʻo a poni paha, aia ma ke kumu pōkole, kāhea ʻia ma lalo. Ma ka ʻaoʻao lalo o nā koi o nā unahi ili, ʻo ia ka ʻōpū, e hānai ana i nā pōkole kaikamahine, hana i ka "pūnana" o nā ʻōpala he nui.
Pale ka lau, uhi-uliuli. ʻO ka pua pua a i ka 1.5 m ke kiʻekiʻe, ākea, ākea, e pau ana me ka nui o ka pua inflorescence umbrella. ʻO nā pua i nā wāwae he lōʻihi. ʻO ka wā greenish-keʻokeʻo a hiki i ka 1 cm ke anawaena, he ʻeono lau, stamens 6; pūpū me ka ovary he ʻekolu-celled kiʻekiʻe. I kekahi manawa i loko o ka ulu kālā, i ka hoʻohui i nā pua, hana i nā ʻōpala liʻiliʻi. Huawai - kahi pahu e pili ana i nā huaʻai ʻeono. ʻEleʻele, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻūhā, liʻiliʻi. Hoʻopau ia i Iune a me Iulai. Hoʻalaʻa nā hua i ka mahina ʻo ʻAukake.
Kūkulu: nā huka, nā protein, nā paʻakai mineral, nā waikawa amino, nā aila kūpono. Nui nā ʻala i nā huaora A, B1, B2, B6, PP a me ka acid ascorbic, ke koi o kēlā me kēia lā e hiki ai i ke kanaka ke hōʻona me ka ʻai wale ʻana i ka 80-90 g lau lau o ka mea kanu i kēlā me kēia lā.
Lūlū ka hua ʻuala no nā mea kanu
ʻO nā grooves no nā aniani ka hohonu o 1 cm ma hope o 2-3 cm mai kēlā me kēia. ʻO ka mamao ma waena o nā huaʻa he 0.5 cm. Ma hope o ka lūlū ʻana, ka lepo i loko o ka pahu i hoʻohālikelike ʻia a hoʻoulu ʻia maikaʻi ma o ka wahi puʻu. E hoʻolōʻihi i ka mea kanu i nā mea kanu, ua uhi ʻia ka pahu me kahi kiʻi ʻoniʻoni a waiho i kahi mahana.
ʻO ka palena maikaʻi no ka mea e ulu ana i nā hua uala i ke ao he 18-20 ° C, i ka pō - 10-12 ° C. ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ke aniani a me kahi lā lōʻihi e hāʻawi i ka elongation o nā mea kanu a me ka hoʻokumu mua ʻana o nā pulu nā nui. E pale i kēia mai nā hanana, ʻike ʻia nā mea kanu e nā ʻano hana. Hoʻāʻo lākou e hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka mahana ma hope o ka puka ʻana e ka hoʻāʻo a me ka hoʻokahe.
Hāʻawi ʻia i nā aniani ke kūleʻa i ka hau, a hiki i kēia mau lau ke kū i nā mahana o ka minus 3-6 ° C, hiki ke kanu ʻia nā mea kanu ma ka hamama i ka hopena o ʻApelila. I kēia manawa, pono ʻo ia i nā lau 3-4. Ma mua o ka hoʻouna ʻia ʻana i ka māla, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia, kanu ʻia nā aʻa ma kahi mash o ka pālolo a me ka mullein. ʻOi aku ka lōʻihi o nā lau ma mua o 15 cm, ua hōʻoki ʻia lākou e ka ʻoki 1/3.
Manea ʻia e kanu i nā hua o ka ʻala me nā ʻāpana laha. Ua kau ʻia lākou ma ka mamao o 50 cm, a mai ka lālani mai ka laha ma hope o ka 18-20 cm, ua pono nā mea kanu ma ka laina ma hope o 7-10 cm. Inā maloʻo ka lepo, a laila hoʻomōhulu ʻia nā ʻolua ma ka nui o ka 1 liter no 3 mau mea kanu. Ke kau nei i nā hua kanu ma nā alawai, a i ka manawa like, me ka manamana kikoʻī, e kaomi i nā aʻa i ka paia ʻaoʻao. A laila e uhi ʻia ka ʻōpū, a kahi paʻa i ka lepo ma kahi o nā aʻa. Lanakila hua, kanu ʻia obliquely, kū i ke ʻano o ka aʻa. He kanu ʻia i kahi 1 cm hohonu ma lalo o kahi i ka drawer. Hoʻopau ke kanu hohonu a hoʻolōʻihi i ka ulu a me ka oo o kaala.
Naʻu
Ke koho ʻana i kahi kahi no ka kanu ʻana i nā lehi a me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka lepo
ʻO ka pua a he mea kanu anu i ka maloʻo. E maʻalahi ka maʻalahi i ka punawai o ka wai, akā i loko o ka manawa "loina" hiki ke make nā hua ma ke ana o ka -2- -3 ° С. ʻO ka mahana kūpono no ka ulu ʻana o ka lau he 15-25 ° C, akā hiki iā lākou ke kū i nā frosts i -7 ° C a me ka wela ma luna o 35 ° C.
Ma ka pili i ka māmā, ʻo ka lāʻau ʻoi he mea kanu koi hou, pono ia i kahi mālamalama kiʻekiʻe loa, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka wā e ulu ana nā hua. Pono ʻia ka moelure no nā mea kanu i ka wā ulu mua, aʻo ka wā maloʻo a wela hoʻi ka mea e pono ai no ka ʻūhū ʻana.
Hoʻokomo nā ʻala i nā koi nui loa i ka ʻāina palu, ʻoiai ia he palupalu a nāwaliwali me ka ulu nui ʻana o ka lau. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā wahi i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o lalo o lalo. Pono ka lepo i kahi pane kokoke i ka neʻe (pH 6.4-7.9). Ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia nā moena i ka hāʻule, ma hope koke o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i ka mea nāna i hana. No ka eli ʻana, ʻo ka manure maikaʻi keʻokeʻo, nā kime, nā kumuwaiwai ākea o 3-5 kg / m2 a i ʻole nā manu manuahi i lawe ʻia mai - 1-2 kg / m2. ʻO ka loea kūpono nō hoʻi ka lehu lāʻau i loko o kahi kaʻe o ka 0.5-1 kg / m2.
ʻAʻole pono e hoʻokomo ʻia ka ʻano manure no nā aniani, inā ʻaʻole i pau ka ulu ʻana o nā lau, akā ʻo ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā pōpō he ala mua, ʻaʻole ka pālo, ua hoʻopilikia nui ʻia e ka lauwili cervical, a mālama maikaʻi ʻole ʻia.
Ua pane nā ʻala i ke noi ʻana o nā minima mineral. I ka hoʻomaka mua o ka ulu, ka mea nui o ka nitrogen a me ka pāhare e pono ai iā ia, ma hope aʻe, i ka wā o ka hoʻokumuʻana o ka umauma - potoma a me ka phosphorus. ʻO ka makeʻana o ka superphosphate he 25-30 g / m2, ka paʻakai paʻakai he 15-20, ʻo ka urea he 10 g / m2, me 2/3 a i ʻole 1/2 o ka pā nui o ka superphosphate a me nā pāhare pākahi i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka hāʻule, a me ke koena a me ka pupuk nitrogen i ka pūnāwai. Pono e hoʻopili ʻia nā limahana ma nā liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi.
Ke kanu ʻana i nā aniani
He nui nā hua kanu ʻo Sevka, ma ka maikaʻi o nā hua e hiki mai ana ma ke ʻano sibipiki he hilinaʻi i nā ʻano like ʻole. Kūleʻa ʻia ʻo Sevoc mai ka ʻala ʻeleʻele. No ka lūlū, hoʻohana i nā hua maloʻo a maloʻo paha. E hoʻolōʻihi i nā hua no 2-9 mau lā ma ke kūmina lumi, e hoʻololi ana i ka wai, a i ʻole mahana (40 ° C) wai i mau hola no 8 mau hola.
E lulu i nā ʻoliki i ka wā o ka ʻohi a i ka punawai, i ka wā e ʻae ai ka lepo. Hoʻonohonoho pono i nā kuʻekuʻe, ka ʻeleʻele me ka mālama maikaʻi a kālai ʻia me kahi haki. ʻO ka laulā o nā pulu he like me 1 m, ka lōʻihi ma waena o nā lālani kahi i lulu ai nā hua he 12-15 cm. Ua uhi ʻia nā hua i lulu ʻia i ka humus (layer 1-1.5 cm), a ʻōlehu ʻia ma luna a me ka lepo mauʻu. No ka loaʻa o ka pīpī iʻa, e hoʻohana i ka līpū me ka diameter o 1.5-2.5 cm. Ma mua o ke kanu ʻana, ua ʻoka ʻia nā ʻōpala, e hoʻokaʻawale ana i ka maloʻo a maʻi.
Inā i ka makahiki i hala aku nei e hoʻopilikia ʻia nā mea kanu ma ka luʻu melemele, ʻo nā hua kanu no ka disinfection 10-15 mau lā ma mua o ke kanu ʻana i ka mahana i kahi mahana o 40-42 ° C no nā hola 8.
Kūkulu ʻia ka kanu ʻana i ka ʻāina mahana i ka hoʻomaka mua o Mei. No ka hoʻolōʻihi i ka ulu, ua ʻoki ʻia nā "poʻohiwi" a hoʻolū i ka wai me ka slurry (6: 1) no nā hola 12-24.
Ma kahi kuahi ʻē aʻe i hoʻomākaukau ʻia, nā aloka e hōʻailona ana i nā lālani, a kanu ʻia nā hua kanu i loko o lākou. Ma kahi kuahiʻo 1 m ākea, līlū ʻia nā līlī ma nā laina he 3-5 me ka mamao ma waena o lākou o 20 cm.ʻO ka hohonu o ka kanu ʻana e pono ai e like me nā pūpū ma nā pāpū lepo. Ua pīpī ʻia lākou me ka humus, kahi papa o ka liʻiliʻi loa 2 cm.
Ua kanu ʻia ʻo Sevka ma mua o ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo ma laila ʻaʻole hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka wai melu i ka pūnāwai. Hoʻopiha ʻia nā ʻūlū me nā humus, mineral fertilizers a me ka lehu. Mālama ʻia nā hua ʻai i kanu ʻia i ka hopena o Kepakemapa a me ka hapa mua o ʻOkakopa. ʻO ka hohonu o ke kanu ʻana he 3-4 cm, ʻo ka mamao ma waena o nā lālani he 20-25 cm, ma waena o nā palahilahi i ka lālani - 4-5 cm.ʻawa ʻia nā pulu me ka humus a i ʻole ka puna wai, kahi pae o 2-2.5 cm. He maikaʻi ia e uhi iā lākou me nā lau maloʻo ma luna.
Naʻu
ʻO nā maʻi a me nā pōpoki o nā bawang
Keokeo keʻokeʻo
Hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea kanu i ka wā ulu a i ka wā mālama. I ka wā e maʻi ai ma ka māla i nā mea kanu ʻōpio, huli ke lau i nā lau, hoʻomaka mai ka piko, a make. E mae koke nā lau a make. Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi mycelium keʻokeʻo ma nā aʻa a me nā unahi o nā pulu. Hōʻike ʻia ka sclerotia liʻiliʻi ma ka kiko i hoʻopili ʻia. Hoʻoulu maikaʻi kēia hāpū i kahi mahana o 10-20 ° C. ʻO nā mea hoʻomaloʻo i ka lepo a i nā storages ma nā ʻōpala ua hoʻopili ʻia.
Nā hana ʻohi: ʻO ka mea mua, pono ʻoe e loaʻa i ka lāʻau kanu kanu maikaʻi. Pono ke hōʻiliʻili i nā ʻōpala o ka ʻamala i ka wā o ko lākou oo piha ʻana, e ukali ʻia e ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā pulu ma ka lā anuanu i kahi wahi i loko o ke keʻena, i ka ʻōhū - mua ma lalo o kahi canopy, a laila no nā lā 7-10 i loko o ka wā e hoʻomoʻa ai ka ea i 26-35 ° . ^ E Ha yM.
I ka wā e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i nā ʻoliki, waiho i ka ʻāʻī a 3-6 cm ka lōʻihi. No ke keʻakeʻa ʻana e mālama i nā aniani ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi: ka ʻai - ma ke ʻano o 1-3 ° C a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o 75-80%, nā ʻōpala uterine - ma 2-5 ° C a me 70-80% , sevk - e 18-20 ° С a me 60-70%.
Kahalulu o keʻa
ʻO kēia kahi maʻi maʻi maʻi e pili ai i nā lau a me nā inflorescences. Ma nā lau, hōʻike ka maʻi iā ia iho ma ke ʻano o nā mea ʻili a nui a keu paha, a i ʻole nā ʻāpana mālamalama a i ʻole a he aila paha. I kekahi manawa ua lilo nā lau a hala, aia ma hope o ka ulu ʻana a moe a moe. Ke kakaka nei nā pua, nā kaula ākea mosaic i ʻike ʻia ma luna o lākou. Kūleʻa nā inflorescences o nā mea kanu i hoʻopulapula, he pua nā pua a i ʻole liʻiliʻi i nā hua liʻiliʻi. Ma kahi o nā stamens a me nā pulupulu, ulu nā lau lōʻihi i kahi o nā pua, nā ʻoliki.
Hoʻemi ʻia ka huakaʻi mai nā mea maʻi mai nā maʻi maʻi. Onepala bulima mai nā mea kanu i loaʻa pinepine i kahi ʻano elongated a, ʻaʻole i hiki i ka wā kahiko, ke kō. Hoʻouna ʻia ka maʻi e ke kaila mite ʻehā ʻehā. Ke hoʻomau nei ka maʻi ma nā kuamona nāhelehele, nā ʻala aniani a me nā aniani mau kākela, kahi i hōʻike mai ai ka maʻi iā ia iho ma ke ʻano o kahi moʻo palupalu nā lau.
Nā hana ʻohi: ʻO nā hana koʻikoʻi e hakakā i nā maʻi maʻi o nā kaamila a me ke kāleka, ʻo ia ka loaʻa o nā mea kanu olakino, pale i nā lāʻau maʻi virus, ke koho ʻana i nā ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū mai nā mea kanu maikaʻi, a me ka wehe ʻana i nā pūʻulu maʻi maʻi.
Naʻu aloha
He pepeke pālahalaha kēia. E hoʻolilo ana i nā ʻano o ke kaaka, ke kāleka, ka gladioli, tulip, daffodils a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe. Hoʻomaʻahele ka ʻōpala e komo ana i nā pulu iā lākou a hoʻopau lākou.
Hiki ke lele aku ka pākeke e pili ana i 9 mm lōʻihi, ke'ōmaʻomaʻo-keleawe i ʻāpana kala, me nā lauoho blond pōkole a me nā ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele-brown. ʻO nā keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, elongated me kahi alaka longitudinal, 0.8 mm lōʻihi. He hina a ʻulaʻula, ʻōwili ikaika ka ʻōpū, hoʻomoʻa ʻia mai ka ʻaoʻao ventral a hiki i ka 11 mm lōʻihi. I ke kua o ke kino he kaʻina ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula me nā lua o ka nui i waho o nā ʻaoʻao. ʻO nā niu lapuwale e pili ana iā 8 mm lōʻihi, tan. ʻO ka posterior hope o ke kino e like me ka larva.
Nā hana ʻohi: E hoʻohana i nā lako kanu olakino. Hoʻomokahele ʻia i ka hua o ke kōlepa mai nā makahiki i hala. Hoʻomaka (a i ʻole ke ʻano) i nā lālani o nā kāleka a me nā kāloti, nā māla hua ʻai ma hope o nā hua kāloti. Hōʻalo ʻia ʻo Phytoncides i nā lāʻau kāloti.
Hoʻololi ʻia me ka peat ma waena o nā lālani, no ka mea, e pale aku ka maʻi kīlū i nā palapala peaty. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau me kahi ʻala ikaika e like me ka naphthalene i hui pū me ka one ma kahi ratio o 1:10, ka lepo o ka pehu a i ʻole a i ka hapalua me ka lime a i ka lehu paha (1-2 kg no 10 sq. M). Hoʻopili ʻia ka hana hoʻomana i ka wā mua o ka waiho ʻana o ka hua manu. Ma hope iho - ma hope o 7-8 lā.
Pono e nānā maʻamau i nā wā kanu, wehe a luku i nā ʻōpala i hoʻopau ʻia. I ka hopena o ka lā e ulu ai, e hoʻoneʻe i nā kihi, nā ʻōpala i hoʻopau ʻia, ka ukali ʻia e ka ʻeli ʻana i ka lepo. Loaʻa nā hopena maikaʻi ma o ka mālama ʻana me ka infusion a i ʻole ka decoction o kahi mea kanu phytoncid - tabako. E hoʻohana i nā lau, nā hua. No ka infusion, e lawe i ka 400 g o nā mea waiwai a lepo paha, i hoʻomoʻa ʻia i ʻelua lā i loko o 10 l o ka wai. Hoʻopili ʻia ka infusion. Hoʻohui ʻia ka 40 g i ka hopena o ka hopena. No kahi decoction, e lawe i ka 400 g o nā kumuwaiwai maloʻo no ka 10 lita o ka wai, e koi ai no kahi lā, a laila e hoʻolapalapa no 2 mau hola. Ma hope o ka hoʻolilo ʻana, e hoʻohui i kahi 10 L o ka wai a hoʻohui i 40 g ka pulu no kēlā me kēia 10 L o ka hoʻonā.
Naʻu
Oniana hue
Kahi ʻia ma nā wahi āpau. Nā lauhala i nā lau, nā bawang, ke kāleka. Hoʻ pena ʻia ia ma nā kaila hina-brown, loaʻa nā ʻēheu o 8-10 mm, me nā pani o ka ʻeleʻele ma nā ʻēheu. Hoʻopilikia ʻia nā huahele i nā hua pōkole - nā kukuna i nāʻili mai nā palū i waiho ʻia e nā ʻūhā. Hoʻopuka nā kalaka i nā lau tubular o ka ʻōpū ma ka ʻānai.
Nā lau i ʻala i keokeo a maloʻo, e hoʻomaka ana mai ka ʻāpana apical. Ma nā ʻōkaka bawang, kanu pinepine nā ʻili i ka ʻāʻī a hiki i loko o ka pūpū, ka mea e make ai ka make o ka mea kanu. Ma nā leekila a me ke kāleka, nā lau lau o ka lau, i nā lāʻau hoʻāʻo e ʻai i nā ʻōpala, ʻai i nā pelekeke o nā pua, ʻāleʻa i nā kuahiwi, kahi e hoʻohemo ai i nā hua o nā hua. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā makahiki wela, a maloʻo.
Nā hana ʻohi: pono e nānā ʻia nā mea kanu a me ka hana ʻana i ka mahiʻai. E hoʻihoʻi i ke aniani i kāna wahi mua i hala ma mua o nā makahiki 3-6. ʻO ka hoʻouluʻana o kēia mau lā a me nā lole lole kiʻekiʻe ma nā minuke mineral. ʻO ka ʻānai ʻana i nā hua lāʻau. ʻO ka pīpī ʻana i nā hua me nā mea inikia i ke kauwela o nā kīmaha a me ke ʻano o nā kukuna.
Lele lele
Pālahalaha mea hoʻomake nui (ma nā makahiki hemo). He lahilahi ka hina o ka poli 10 mm ka lōʻihi, nā ululāʻau ʻōpala liʻiliʻi. Ua oi aku i ka poino ma ka papala a me nā loamy, e hōʻemi ana i ka peat. ʻOi aku ka pohō o nā pōpoki i nā poloka hale me ka kanu mau ʻana, ka liʻiliʻi - ke kāleka.
Hōʻailona ka haʻalele ʻana o nā lele i ka waena o ka hopena o Mei. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā hua manu ma nā pūʻulu o 5-12 ma waena o ka lau o ka lau a i ka ʻoka lepo kokoke i nā mea kanu. Ma hope o 5-9 mau lā, e pili ana i nā kūlana o ka makahiki, hānai pale. Hiki lākou i nā mea kanu ma waena o ka lau a i lalo paha. Hoʻopili nui nā hua lūlū nui i nā ʻōpala nui. Ma muli o ka hōʻino ʻia, ua pala ka popo, ʻeli nā lau, maʻa mau ka ʻāpana, a maloʻo.
Hoʻopili i nā pōʻino i poʻi ʻole i kahi mea ʻono ʻole, a i ka wā e wehe ʻia ai, keʻokeʻo, ʻōpū ʻole, aʻahe ʻole ke poʻo a ʻoi aku ʻo 10 mm ka lōʻihi i loaʻa i loko. Hoʻomoe ka hoʻomohala lāʻau i nā lā 16-20 mau lā, ma hope o ka hele ʻana i ka lepo no ka pupation.
Nā hana ʻohi: ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i nā hua ʻai mai ka hua ʻai i ka makahiki i hala. Hoʻomaka (a i ʻole ke ʻano) i nā lālani o nā kāleka a me nā kāloti, nā māla hua ʻai ma hope o nā hua kāloti. Hoʻopili ʻia ʻo Phytoncides i nā lau kāloti i ka lele o ka ʻala. Hoʻomoe ka lūlū mua o ka ʻala i ka pale ʻana i ka hōʻino ʻia e ka ʻulala lele, ʻoiai i ka manawa e haʻalele ai nā lele, e lilo hou ana nā mea kanu, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka pōʻino.
Hoʻololi ʻia me ka peat ma waena o nā lālani, no ka mea, e pale aku ka maʻi kīlū i nā palapala peaty. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau me kahi ʻala ikaika e like me ka naphthalene i hui pū me ka one ma kahi ratio o 1:10, ka lepo o ka pehu a i ʻole a i ka hapalua me ka lime a i ka lehu paha (1-2 kg no 10 sq. M). Hoʻopili ʻia ka hana hoʻomana i ka wā mua o ka waiho ʻana o ka hua manu. Ma hope iho - ma hope o 7-8 lā.
Pono e nānā maʻamau i nā wā kanu, wehe a luku i nā ʻōpala i hoʻopau ʻia. I ka hopena o ka lā e ulu ai, e hoʻoneʻe i nā kihi, nā ʻōpala i hoʻopau ʻia, ka ukali ʻia e ka ʻeli ʻana i ka lepo.
Loaʻa nā hopena maikaʻi ma o ka mālama ʻana me ka infusion a i ʻole ka decoction o kahi mea kanu phytoncid - tabako. E hoʻohana i nā lau, nā hua. No ka infusion, e lawe i ka 400 g o nā mea waiwai a lepo paha, i hoʻomoʻa ʻia i ʻelua lā i loko o 10 l o ka wai. Hoʻopili ʻia ka infusion. Hoʻohui ʻia ka 40 g i ka hopena o ka hopena. No kahi decoction, e lawe i ka 400 g o nā kumuwaiwai maloʻo no ka 10 lita o ka wai, e koi ai no kahi lā, a laila e hoʻolapalapa no 2 mau hola. Ma hope o ka hoʻolilo ʻana, e hoʻohui i kahi 10 L o ka wai a hoʻohui i 40 g ka pulu no kēlā me kēia 10 L o ka hoʻonā.
Onioni Kukui Hono
ʻO nā pīpoki a me nā hua pōʻino i hōʻuluʻulu ʻia, nā ʻōpio bulgarian, chives, liʻiliʻi pinepine - ke kāleka. ʻEleʻele nā pīpī, 2-3 mm lōʻihi. ʻO Antennae a me nā wāwae ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula. He melemele ke kīleʻaleʻa, hema ʻole, me ke poʻo brown, 7 mm lōʻihi. Kūkulu nā ʻōpala i nā lau tubular liʻiliʻi i ka lua liʻiliʻi, ma muli o ia mea e hoʻopuni ai nā wahi keʻokeʻo ma luna o lākou.ʻAi ʻo Larvae i ka ʻiʻo i loko o ka lau, ma nā ʻāpana lōʻihi, me ka pale ʻole ʻole o ka ʻili o waho. I nā mea kanu i hoʻopau ʻia, huli ka lau i ka melemele mai luna aʻe a maloʻo. I nā hōʻike o kaʻaila, mikiki nā palaka i nā wāwae, kahi e make ai nā pua.
Nā hana ʻohi: hōʻiliʻili a me ka luku ʻana i ke koena o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, ʻohi palu, luku aku i nā wahi hoʻoilo o nā pīpī. ʻO ka wehe ʻana i ka lālani kikoʻī i ka wā o ka hoʻonaninani nui ʻana i nā ʻōpio, a ukali ʻia e ka hui ʻana a me ka lole o luna me nā minuke mineral, ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā mea pio - ka lehu lāʻau, ka ʻeleʻele a me ka ʻulaʻula, ka ʻōpala maloʻo. ʻO ka wehe ʻana i nā lau i hoʻopau ʻia me ka luku ʻana ʻana i ka palaka. Ke hoʻopau nei i nā mea kanu i ka wā e ulu ana me Karbofos - 60 g no 10 l o ka wai. Hoʻokahi hapa lita o ka hoʻonā wai i kēlā me kēia 10 sq.m.
Paʻi ʻōpala
ʻO kahi maʻi maʻamau. E hōʻino ana i ka aniani, ka uka, ka ʻōpala, ka waiwa ʻōpala, nā kukama i nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo. He ʻeleʻele a ʻeleʻele paha paha ka ʻelemakule i ke kala me nā ʻēheu e pili ʻia ma nā kihi e kahi pola, ma kahi o 1 mm mau lōʻihi. ʻAkole nā hua liʻiliʻi, ʻōpū, keʻokeʻo. Hoʻohālikelike nā ʻōleʻaleʻa i ka nānā ʻana i nā hehi a nā pākeke, akā ʻokoʻa like i nā pā liʻiliʻi, ʻaʻohe ʻēheu, ma ka ʻōpū mua, a laila ʻōmaʻomaʻo i ka kala. Hoʻopili nui ka pākeke i ka lepo o nā mea kanu, ma ka papakū o luna, akā ʻo ka nui ka mea i hoʻopili ʻia ma lalo o nā unahi o ka umauma. I ka wā ulu mua, ua hānai lākou i ka mauʻu, a laila e hoʻololi i nā mea kanu.
Na ʻala ma ke kula
Inā hōʻino ka ʻala, ʻike ʻia nā wahi kālā keʻokeʻo ma nā lau. Ma nā wahi i hānai ʻia ai nā ihu i ka maka ʻike ʻole, ʻike ʻia ka excrement phytophage i ke ʻano o nā ʻaka ʻeleʻele. Kolo nā lau make i ka melemele, make iho, hoʻomaka mai ka ʻāpana o ka mea kanu. Inā hōʻino ʻia ka inflorescences o nā hōʻike, he maloʻo ka hope, a laila maloʻo, ʻaʻohe ʻano o nā hua kanu, aiʻole nāwaliwali, me ka hoʻōla liʻiliʻi. Ua komo kekahi wahi o ka pūpū i loko o ka hale ahu me nā ʻōpala, kahi e hoʻomau nei ia i lalo i lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi.
Nā hana ʻohi: Disinfection thermal o nā hua a me ka lūlū ʻia me ka wai hoʻomo i ka mahana o 45-50 ° C no 10-15 mau minuke. Ke kanu wale nō me nā hua olakino. ʻO ka hoʻokō me ka hoʻokiʻu ʻana me ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka aniani, ke kāleka i kāna wahi kumu i ʻole ma mua o ka 3-4 makahiki. Ma mua o ka waiho ʻana i ka aniani no ka waiho ʻana, e hana i ka decontamination mandatory o nā hale, kahi e hoʻomoʻo ai a hoʻomanahana i nā ʻōpala i kahi mahana o 35-37 ° C no nā lā 5-7. I ka mālama ʻana i kahi kūpono, mālama pono i ka ea haʻahaʻa ʻaʻole ʻoi i kiʻekiʻe ma mua o 70%. Hoʻohana maikaʻi loa me Iskra DE (1 papa i ka 10 lita o ka wai). E hoʻolōʻihi i ka 10 lita o ka hopena no ka 100 sq.m.
Hiki i nā aniani ke hoʻololi i kahi pākiki holoʻokoʻa, no ka mea he kōkua ia mai nā maʻi he nui. ʻO ka lāʻau lapaʻau kaulana loa ka ʻōpala bawang, pono ʻia no ke anuanu, ʻoi loa ka pipi a me nā ʻehā. He mea maʻalahi loa ia e hoʻomākaukau i ia kōnukela: hoʻāwili i ka ʻalī aʻa ʻoki ʻia me ʻekolu mau manamana o ka meli, e pani i ka pale a hoʻōla i loko o ka friji (6 mau hola). E lawe i ka wai i kaila i kēlā me kēia 3 hola, hoʻokahi kīpē. A ola ʻoe!
