ʻO nā bee puaʻa i loaʻa i ka honua i kēia lā ua hele a ʻano ma muli o ke koho kūlohelohe a kūlohelohe, hoʻomaka ʻia e nā kānaka i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka beekeeping a me ka beekeeping.
Ma muli o nā hopena, ʻokoʻa ka poʻe i noho ma nā wahi like ʻole o ka honua i loko o nā hōʻailona o waho ʻē aʻe, aia ko lākou iho pono, kū i nā maʻi a me nā ʻōmaka, a me ka pono o ka ʻōpū a me ka, o ka pono melliferous.
Ke koho ʻana i kahi ʻano piana no kahi apiary, pono ke alakaʻi i ka beekeeper e ka hapa nui o kēia mau hiʻohiʻona a me nā kūlana i nā kūlana kikoʻī. Ke hōʻike nei nā ʻano ʻano palaka ma ka hema, no ka hōʻike ʻana iā lākou iho he maikaʻi ʻoi nā miki meli, akā, ʻaʻole lākou e ola i nā māla lōʻihi o nā ʻāina ʻākau, no laila, he mea ʻole ʻole ke mahalo i ko lākou mau maikaʻi maikaʻi.
Ma Lūkini, kahi i kū koke ʻia i loko o kekahi mau wahi climatic, ua ʻike ʻia kekahi mau ʻano meli melemele e pili ana i nā ʻano Apis mellifera.
Nā puaʻa puaʻa: 1-hina mauna Caucasian mauna; 2 Kau huole Caucasian; 3-ʻItalia; 4-Carpathian
Akā, ʻo ia me kēlā me kēia ʻano koho, aia kekahi mau nuances. I loko o kahi meʻa e ulu ai nā mea kanu he nui i ka manawa like, e waiho ana ka pīhoihoi Lūkini ma waena o nā kolamu o nā ʻohana kamela Caucasian.
Akā inā, no ka mea, aia kahi pā panui a i ʻole kanu i kahi mea kanu huaʻala ʻē aʻe ma hope o ka apiary, a laila ua hūnā ʻia ka huaʻai pīnaka no Rūkini ma muli o ka manaʻo paʻa e loaʻa ka uku mai kahi mea kanu a hiki i ka pau ʻana o kāna pua. ʻO ka pi meli Caucasian he liʻiliʻi i ka picky a hoʻoikaika ikaika i nā wahi āpau ʻo ke kaila iki o ka nectar.
ʻO nā wehewehe a me nā kiʻi o ka puaʻa pīpī e kōkua i ke kiʻi e pili ana i kēia mau meaʻino a i ʻole nā mea ʻino, ko lākou hiki a me nā hiʻohiʻona.
Mākou me ka Poʻinakolu Pelekane ʻo Pula (Apis mellifera mellifera)
Hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā ʻano o nā meli no Native Northern a Central Europe nō ka hina ʻulaʻula me ka hala ʻole o ka kaila ʻula. ʻO kēia mea ʻoiai, a me ka pōkole ma nā kikowaena o Lūkia, i hoʻoholo i ka inoa o ka pua pi.
He nui nā pepeke nunui e leʻaleʻa i nā beekeepers me ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi a hiki i ka hiki ke ola i nā kuʻalolo lōʻihi, aia i ka hale hoʻoilo a hiki i ʻehiku mau mahina i ka makahiki. Hiki i ka hapanui o kēia hua ke piʻi aku a ʻekolu tausani mau hua pālua i kēlā me kēia lā, kahi e hōʻoia ai i ka loli wikiwiki ʻana o nā hanauna a me nā ulu o nā ʻohana. I ka manawa like, ʻaʻole nui ka pilu meli o ka Pākīpika i ka hānai i ka nui a kūlohelohe ʻole. Eia naʻe, ʻike hopohopo lākou inā hōʻike ka beekeeper iā lākou e pale ʻole iā lākou a hoʻokaʻeha paha i loko o nā hihia o ka hive.
ʻO ka pili kūikawā o nā loea e ʻohi wale mai i ka mea kanu meli ma ka lima hoʻokahi i hiki ke loaʻa i ka meli monocultural ʻoluʻolu, no ka laʻana, mai ka acacia, buckwheat, linden a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe, akā ma kahi ʻē, alakaʻi nō ia i kahi lohi i ka neʻe ʻana o nā pi mai nā mea i hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia i nā hua hou i nā mea hou aku, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi nā mea kanu melliferous.
Hoʻomaka ka ʻohana Russian ʻana i ka meli no ka mālama ʻana i ka meli mai ka ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe o ka hale a i ʻole nā hale kūʻai paha, a laila ʻike wale nā huaahi i loko o ka palaki.
Kelemona mauna Caucasian pua o ka meli (Apis mellifera caucasica)
Ka neʻe ʻana ka piʻu mauna Kaukia no ka ʻohana beʻe Lūkini ma waena o kona hiki ke loli koke mai kekahi mellifer i kekahi, ma nā nui, akā heʻuʻuku ka hoʻoilo. Noho ka heluna nui o kēia heluna ma nā ʻaoʻao hema o ka ʻāina, a ua kaulana loa i nā apiaries ma ka ʻĀpana ʻAaukau a me nā wahi ala.
Hiki i kahi matokona o kahi puaʻa hina ke waiho i kona kua i hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua tausani hua. Eia kekahi, i nā lā o ka hōʻiliʻili o ka meli nui no ka uku, a ʻo nā meli e lele wale aku i waho o ka hiʻona, i ka manawa ʻē aʻe, e mālama i ka hanauna e hiki mai ana. ʻO nā piʻoniʻu Kākāliiki he mau aniani i waena o nā meli ma ka lōʻihi o ka alelo, e hiki ana i 7.2 mm.
Hōʻike ʻia kēia ʻano piʻu e ka haʻalele mua ʻana i ka hive a ke ahiahi hoʻi hoʻi mai. ʻAʻole makaʻu nā mea inikini i ka ua a me ka ua e kahe, i ka wā like, ʻaʻole ia he kūpono loa no nā meli, hoʻomau lākou e hōʻiliʻili, a mai noʻonoʻo i ka ʻai ʻana i nā mea a nā kaikunāne e uwē.
ʻO Prioksky ʻano like o ka hua pīhoihoi Lūkini
Hoʻokumu ʻia ma nā huaheʻe hina Caucasian a me ka ʻano o ka bee Russian Lūkini, he ʻano waena, i kapa ʻia ʻo Prioksky. He mau proboscis ʻoi aku ka pōkole ma mua o ka poʻe Caucasians a he proboscis ka lōʻihi: ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻohuihui ʻana i ka hau o Lūkini, ʻoi aku ka pale o nā maʻi a me ka paʻakikī. I ka hiʻohiʻona ʻana, ʻoi aku kēia ʻano o nā piula e like me ke ʻano o kona mau kūpuna kuahiwi. I nā iniseti, nā kala hina hina nui, loaʻa nā hōʻailona melemele wale i kekahi manawa, ma nā ʻaoʻao o luna o ka ʻōpū.
Krajina pua ka laula (Apis mellifera carnica)
Ua loaʻa ʻo Bees mai Krajina a me Carinthia i kaulana ʻo ʻEulopa ma mua o hoʻokahi haneli mau makahiki i hala. ʻO kahi hiʻohiʻona hiʻohiʻona o kēia mau mea hihiu, ʻaʻole wale ia he hōʻoluʻolu kino, akā hiki nō hoʻi i ka hiki ke hōʻola maikaʻi a me ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka meli i loko o kahi pūnāwai alpine, i ka wā pau ʻole ke kīnā ʻole i ke kīpē Eia kekahi, e like me ke kiʻi a me nā wehewehe, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia ʻano pīhoʻohu e ke ʻano paʻakikī o ka hoʻoilo a me ka hoʻomanawanui ʻana i nā lā kauwela wela. Mālama maikaʻi loa ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻohana liʻiliʻi o Krajina piʻu i ka hoʻoilo.
I kēia lā, ʻo ka Krajina pua o ka pī lio a manu paha, kekahi o nā mea kaulana loa ma ʻEulopa. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ke kino o ke pepeke e kahi kala hina-kala. E lele koke nā pi i ka hive, kahi e hiki ai iā lākou ke loaʻa hōkele mai nā mea kanu meli mua loa. Wahi a nā helu helu, he hapakolu wale nō o nā ʻohana e hiki ke ʻauʻau, a inā hoʻomaka ʻoe i ka hana kūpono i ka manawa, he mea maʻalahi iā lākou e hoʻi i kā lākou hana. I ka mahiʻai, ua manaʻo ʻia ke ʻano o ka pī e like me ka mea hana koko no ka ʻulaʻula. Loaʻa ka proboscis i ka lōʻihi o 6.8 mm.
Kūpono ke aliʻi wahine mai 1.5 a 2 mau huaʻai i ka lā.
ʻO ia hoʻi, ʻo ka ʻōpala, ʻoiai he ʻanoʻano palaka, hui pū i nā maikaʻi maikaʻi loa o ka mauʻu ʻo ʻAberia hina a me nā Carpathian pepeke. ʻO ka mea mua, i ka wā o ka hōʻiliʻili meli melemele, hoʻopiha ka meli i ka meli meli i ka mōmona, a laila hele i ka kiʻi o ka hale kūʻai.
Carpathian bee (Apis mellifera carpatica)
ʻO kekahi ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka momona melemele ma ko lākou wahi i kumu a me kahi noho i kapa ʻia ʻo Carpathian. ʻO ka ʻōmaʻomaʻa nui ia i ke kala ʻana o ka pī ma Carpathian. Hoʻololi ʻia ka iniseti i hōʻike ʻia e ka proboscis lōʻihi, a hiki i 7 mm, paʻakikī ka hoʻoilo, maikaʻi ke aloha a me nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma ka meli. Kūpono ka hapanui o kēia ʻano pīhoihoi a 1800 huaʻai i kēlā me kēia lā.
I waena o nā hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻano lehele i ka mākaukau mua o ka hana ʻana e hoʻoili i ka meli. Eia nō naʻe, me ka nui o ka maikaʻi o ka maikaʻi, i nā lehelehe o Carpathian he nui o nā pōʻino. Hoʻopili kēia ma ka nānā ʻole i ka lawehala o ka mea ʻē aʻe inā aia kekahi pōkē pua o nā pua meli ma loko o ka moku, a me ka loaʻa ʻole o ka pale ʻole ʻana i ka pulu i kū i ka hive.
ʻĀpana hina meli o ka meli melemele (Apis mellifera liqustica)
ʻO ka pua bee mai ke kūkulu hema o ʻEulopa, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā ʻohana ʻē aʻe, he lei gula ia, ʻo ka mea kiʻekiʻe loa o ka kōpune, ʻoi aku ka 3500 huaʻai i kēlā me kēia lā, pale kūʻē ʻia nā maʻi a me kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka pua ʻana.
ʻO ke kumu hema o kēia ʻano o ka puaa i hoʻoholo ʻole ʻia e ke kiʻekiʻe kūlohelohe o nā ahesa. Akā ʻo ka piʻu o nā ʻano Italia e loli koke mai kahi kanu meli i kahi mea meli meli, e ʻimi ana i nā mea uku maikaʻi loa, a he maʻemaʻe hoʻi.
ʻO ka nui o nā hua i hoʻopili ʻia e ka ʻōpū i ʻōlelo ʻia i hoʻokahi ʻano e pono ai e noʻonoʻo me ka hana pū ʻana me nā mea ʻino. He helu nui ka ʻōpala no kēia pā, a me ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻoni meli, hiki i nā pi ke hāʻawi i nā kīkē a pau i ka ʻōpio.
Nā meli meli Asia
ʻO nā iniseti Europa nona nā holoholona Apis mellifera i ʻole maʻamau ma Asia. Ma ʻaneʻi he mau mileniuma i hoʻomohala i kona mau kānaka ponoʻī o ka pi me ka moʻomeheu o ka beekeeping a me ka beekeeping.
I kēia lā, helu nā poʻe loea i ʻehiku mau ʻano piʻipiʻi kūlike i ka ʻāpana ʻĀina o ka honua. I waena o lākou, ʻo ka mea i kaulana loa a me nā mea hoihoi: Apis dorsata, Apis cerana, Apis florea.
ʻO kahi mea i kaulana loa o ka ʻohana bee ka Himalayan kaho pīhoihoi ʻo Apis dorsata laboriosa me kahi ʻōpūʻeleʻele, i hoʻonani ʻia me nā ʻili keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo. Noho kēia pua ma nā pali hohonu, kahi āna e kūkulu ai i nā meli nui ma o nā ʻĀina Europa a hiki i ka lōʻihi o 160 a he 80 cm ka laulā.
ʻO ka hana o ke kaukaʻi huakaʻi i ia mau ʻano, ua like ia me ka hana a ke koikoi koʻikoʻi, pane ʻole ʻaʻole e hāʻule wale mai kahi kiʻekiʻe nui, akā ua hoʻouka ʻia ʻia e ka lehulehu i nā piʻo Himalaya aloha ʻole loa.
Hoʻokumu kahi ʻohana pīhoihoi ʻAmelika a ʻo Apis florea dwarf i ka manō i nā lāʻau a i nā mea kanu lāʻau. ʻO ka nui o nā holoholona hihiu, i hōʻike mua ʻia i ka kenekulia XVIII, e ʻae iā mākou e ʻōlelo i kēia mau neʻe kekahi o ka liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi wale nō i Asia, akā i ka honua āpau. I hoʻokahi makahiki, hiki i ka ʻohana o kēia mau meli meli ke hōʻiliʻili hou aku ma mua o ka kilokileka o ka meli, akā i ka manawa like me kā lākou mālama pono ʻana i kā lākou mau ʻuhane a waiwai lākou i ka mahiʻai i ka ʻoihana ʻoi nā pepelu.
ʻO kahi hoʻokūkū like like me ka beʻe meli ʻEulopa e hiki ke lilo i ka bee wili a Kina paha ʻo Apis cerana. ʻO kēia ʻano o nā neʻe India a i ʻole nā Himalayan nā pā o ka hapanui o nā ʻāina. ʻIke ʻia kēia mau manu ʻai ma ka Leka Hikaka Leka. No ka laʻana, ma ka Primorsky Territory, ʻo kēia ʻano meleli o ka meli i hoʻoili ʻia, i loko o ka Red Book, hiki ke ʻike ʻia i kekahi manawa ma ka ulu lāʻau.
