Physalis

ʻO wai ka mea i loaʻa iā physalis - hauʻoli. Pau nā hua ʻai hou nā lau a me ke ʻano o ka caviar, ka aniani, nā anele, ka jam a me ka marmalade. Hoʻohana maikaʻi ʻia ka maloʻo maloʻo. He aha ke ʻano o kēia mea kanu, a no hea ʻo ia?

I ka ulu lāʻau, loaʻa ka physalis ma Central a me ʻAmelika Hema, kahi e lūlū ai ʻo ia i ko lākou ʻanoʻano like me ka weuweu. ʻO ka poʻe kaiāulu "tamed" iā ia ma kahi lōʻihi he lōʻihi i hōʻike iā ia ma ka moʻomeheu. Ma Mekiko, Guatemala, Peru, Venezuela, Colombia, physalis ua kaulana loa: he helu nui o nā ʻano hua i hoʻoponopono ʻia no ke kanu ʻana i nā pāpū a i nā mauna ua paʻa i ka wā. Mai ia mai nei, ua lawe ʻia mai ka physalis, i ʻole, i kapa ʻia ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ke ʻoliki Mekiko, i lawe ʻia mai i ʻAmelika Hema, a i ka makahiki 17 i Europa a me ʻAsia. Ua komo ʻo Physalis i loko o Lūkia i kahi manawa like me nā ʻōmato, akā ʻaʻole i hoʻohana nui ʻia. Pēlā a hiki i kēia manawa.

ʻO ka pahu lāʻau kolinila me ka hua. © ʻekslelo Lepeke ʻO Neks

Ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka hoihoi i loko o ko mākou ʻāina ma 20-30. I ka makahiki 1926, ua hōʻuluʻulu ʻia kahi kolamu nui ʻo S.M. Bukasov, i kahi huakaʻi i Mexico a me Guatemala, kahi hui nui o ka pō, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo physalis. I nā kahua hoʻokolohua āpau, hoʻomaka ʻo VIR e hoʻopaʻa iā physalis ma kahi o ka mea kanu kanu. Ua ʻike ʻia e hiki ke ulu i ka meli Mekiko i nā wahi a pau, akā maikaʻi maoli ma Ukraine a me ka Far East. A hele akula ʻo physalis i ka lāʻau. Aia ma 1934, loaʻa kona wahi i 5,000 ha, kahi o 3,000 ha ma ka Hikina mamao. Ma hope iki, ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā ʻano Soviet mua no ka ulu ʻana o ka confectionery, a no ka ulu ʻana o ka citric acid. A laila ua pīpī ka manaʻo nui i ka mea hou, a ua hoʻēmi ʻia nā mea kanu, a ke ulu mua nei ʻo physalis ma nā papa pilikino. A ʻaʻole kēlā ma kahi o nā wahi āpau.

ʻO ka physalis he hua ʻohana palani, ʻamato, ka pepa, a me ka ʻūpī. ʻEkolu mau hui o ka physalis - ka meaʻai (ka mea kanu), i ka hoʻohanohano a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau.

ʻOiaʻiʻo, no nā māla, ʻoi loa ka physalis o nā punahele, ʻoi aku hoʻi iā Mexico, Strawberry, Peruvian a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Akā ka mea mua, he mau huaʻōlelo e pili ana i nā mea hoʻonaninani. Ua loaʻa iā mākou nā mea e pili ana i kēia mau ʻano liʻiliʻi - Alkekengi, flexuose, franchetia a longifolia. ʻIke maikaʻi ʻia nā Alkekengs e like me nā ʻenehana Chinese. Aia melemele nā kīʻaha, ʻōmaʻomaʻo a ʻulaʻula paha. Hoʻokipa ʻia kā lākou mea hoʻonaninani i ka makahiki holoʻokoʻa. Ma o Al-Kekengs e lūlū ʻia i nā hua a me ka mahele o ka ulu lāʻau. ʻIkia ma nā ʻāina mokulele o longifolia. ʻO kona kiʻekiʻe he 2 m, ua paʻa ka lālā lāʻau, nā lālā o ke kumu, nā pua, nā pua nui me ka corolla uliuli. ʻO ka calyx (lanterns) kahi walnut i ke kala me nā iwi pōpō nui loa. Loaʻa i nā pua nā hiʻohiʻona hoihoi: e wehe lākou ma ka 12 o 'Oe a kokoke i 16.

Tomatillo a iʻa ole kulali. © Maggie Hoffman

Loaʻa i ka lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā lāʻau laʻana i ka diuretic, choleretic, hemostatic a me nā analgesic. Hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka lāʻau lapaʻau kānaka o nā ʻāina o Central a me ʻAmelika Hema. Eia kekahi, hāʻawi ka alkenekig, pretermis a me franchetia i nā wai lepo.

I ko mākou ʻāina, e hōʻike ʻia ana ka laila physalis e nā ʻano makahiki. Wahi a nā hiʻohiʻona ola, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka physalis meaʻai e like me nā wahi i kumu i loko o ʻAmelika Hema a me Mekiko.

He liʻiliʻi nā hua ʻalani a me nā mea ʻalaʻawa a ʻAmelika Hema. Kūpono nā mea kanu me nā hua lāʻau a me nā lau. I ko mākou ʻāina, e hōʻike ʻia kēia ʻano ma ka ʻano o nā ʻōpala a me nā maʻialis Peruvian.

ʻO nā huaʻai o ka Strawberry Physalis. © karendotcom127

Loaʻa ka inoa ʻo Strawberry physalis i kona inoa no kahi ʻala maikaʻi, no ka pubescence ikaika o nā ʻāpana a pau o ka mea kanu ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he pubescent. Loaʻa ka poʻe i ka pono o nā huaʻai earthen a me nā kīloi. ʻO ka Strawberry physalis he mau makahiki, ʻo kona kumu ke kumu o ka nui, a hiki i ka 50-70 cm ka lōʻihi o ke ʻano o ka ulu lāʻau. O nā lau he ʻuli, hoʻokaʻawale. Hoʻolaha kēia physalis ma ka hua, e lulu ma ka lepo. Aia ma nā ʻaoʻao hema, a ma ka ʻāpana nui i kanu ʻia e ka hua laʻala. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, koi nui ka strawberry physalis i ka wela, e hoʻomaka ka mea kanu i ka pā ma loko o kahi pākeke o nā palena he 15. Eia kekahi, ʻo kēia manawa o ka physalis ka mea pōkole, ʻo ia hoʻi, e ulu maikaʻi ana nā mea kanu me ka lā pōkole pōkole wale. I nā kūlana o kahi lā lōʻihi lōʻihi, ua hoʻomānoʻo ka manawa o nā mea kanu. Aʻo ka lāhui wale nō, ka mea e hāʻawi ai i ke ʻano huina, hiki iā ʻoe ke kiʻi i nā hua ʻai ʻaneʻi. He ʻōpala liʻiliʻi lākou ʻo ka physalis melemele. I nā kūlana o Western Kazakhstan (ka Aral Experimental Station VIR), ʻo ka hopena mai ka lāʻau i ka irrigation a hiki i 1.5 kg (300-600 a i ʻole nā huaʻai). ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona hoihoi loa he Strawberry a me Raisin. Ka momona loa nā hua o ka strawberry physalis, ʻona, nā keiki hou e aloha nui iā lākou. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i nā hāleʻa a me nā hika mai iā lākou. Ma mua o ka hoʻohana mua ʻana, ʻaʻole lākou e koi i ka puhi ʻana, no ka mea, ʻaʻohe lākou e ʻako i ka hua, e like me ka Mekiko a me Peruana.

Ua hāʻule pū nō hoʻi ke aloha me nā mea kanu ʻana o ka māka ʻaoa Peruvulo. Ua hele mai ʻo ia mai Peru, kahi i hānai ʻia ai he hua ʻala. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ma Rusia i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia XIX. ʻAʻole i loaʻa i ka laha ākea ākea, ka mea e pili ana me kāna biology. Ke koi nui kēia lāʻau lāʻau i ka wela. ʻOiai ma nā lālā hema a me subtropical, hoʻolaha ʻia ia e nā lāʻau. Hoʻonui ka lelo i kahi mahana o nā kekelē he 20. Koi nui nā mea kanu i ka mānoʻi a me ka lepo. ʻO nā lau nui o nā physalis Peruvian, nui, pua nā pua, ʻeleʻele melemele me kahi wahi ʻeleʻele ʻeleʻele ma ka kumu. Kahi nā hua liʻiliʻi, kahi i hoʻopili ʻia ma ka uhi ʻo Walnut. ʻOno loa ia i ka momona a me ka ʻono me ka hā paila. Aia nā hiʻohiʻona me kahi manamana iki. Ke ulu nui nei ka manawa e ulu ana. Hoʻomaka wale ka hua ʻana i ka lua o ka malama o Kepakemapa. Hoʻopilikia ka hopena kala i ka hua. He meaʻoluʻolu ia ma lalo o nā kūlana subtropical ʻaʻole hoʻoweliweli ʻia kēia physalis me ka manu ʻole i ka hoʻoilo, a ma ka makahiki ʻelua o ka ulu ʻana o ke ola hoʻomaka i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Mei, a hoʻomaka ka hua i ke waena o ke kauwela.

E pālahalaha loa aku ke kūloko Mekiko. ʻIke ʻia kekahi o kāna mau ʻano - branched, outstretched, pālahalaha a me ke alo. Ma kāna mau hiʻohiʻona ola, pili ke kūleʻa ʻo physalis i ka kamato, akā hoʻohālikelike iā lākou e ʻoi aku ke anu, ua paʻa ke ʻano o ka lae, kūwili ʻole ka photophilous. Aia nō ia i ka lepo āpau, koe wale nō me ke kūkaʻi ikaika, paʻakai a me ka wai hoʻi. ʻO ka pale maloʻo kiʻekiʻe ma muli o kahi pūnaehana mana. Ma kahi mea kanu pale-pale, maikaʻi ke ʻano o kēia physalis; manaʻo ma nā alo o nā moʻomeheu ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka mahana hau maloʻo e hiki ai i ka physalis Mekiko ke hele i kahi ʻākau. Ua ʻeha ʻo ia i nā maʻi like e like me nā tōmato - kahi pōkole i hala, kahi wāwae ʻeleʻele, a mai nā pōpoti ua pā ʻia ʻo ia e ka wireworm a me nā hoʻoilo hoʻoilo.

Hiki ke kū aʻe i ke ʻano o ka ulu lāʻau, hapalua-ʻūlū a me ka hapalua o ka laha. Aia nō nā hōʻailona nui i ʻike ʻia i ke kiʻekiʻe: nā ʻalāʻau kuihihi i hiki ke loaʻa ka 30-50 cm wale nō, loaʻa i nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe ke kiʻekiʻe o 120-125 cm.ʻO nā ākea nui ma waena o nā ʻano i ʻike ʻia i ke kala o ke poʻo: hiki ke pihi mau, ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ka melemele, a me ka poni. Aia ka huakaʻi o ka hua i ka wā 50-60 g. Ma ka lāʻau, aia ma kahi o 50 a 500. ʻO ka hoʻomaka mua o Moscow, ka ʻūhū Gruntovy, Confectionery a me nā ʻūlani puaa kūleʻa i ulu ʻia i ka ʻAmelika Amū i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka huahana.

Nui nā ʻano, ʻano like a me nā ʻano o ka physalis e hiki ai i nā mea kanu kālaila ke koho i nā mea e kūpono iā lākou i nā kūlana kūikawā.