Bean ma nā kikoʻī

ʻO nā pīpī e ka waiwai ponoʻai he mau hoʻolālā waiwai a aia i waena o nā mea kanu maikaʻi he ʻumi. ʻO ka waikawa amino a me ka hoʻohuihui o nā pīni kokoke ke kokoke i nā mea huna o ka ʻai a me ka iʻa a ma nā kūlana koʻikoʻi ke hiki ke hoʻololi iā lākou. Hoʻomoʻa ʻia nā mea pīpī e ka kino e ke kino ma ka 75%, ke ʻano he hale a me ka ikaika nona. ʻO kekahi o nā mea liʻiliʻi i hoʻohana ʻole ʻia, akā i ka wā e kuke ai i mālama ʻia a mālama ʻia, e mau ana ia 70% ka nui o nā waiora a me 80% o nā minela e hana nei i nā pīni. Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia meaʻai olakino olakino, hoʻohana ʻia nā pīpī ʻaʻole wale nō ma ka ʻai, akā hoʻohana ʻia i ka lāʻau kūmole a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau maʻamau, e kōkua ana e mālama i ka papa inoa o nā maʻi.

Nā Bean maʻamau (Phaseolus vulgaris). © Javier Pelayo

ʻO ka hua pua a me ka hoʻoili

ʻO ka ʻōlelo mua o kēia moʻomeheu maikaʻi i pili i nā makahiki BC. ʻO nā ʻike hou aku e pili ana i ka 5000 g BC. I kapa ʻia kahi wahi i kapa ʻia ʻo ʻAmelika Hema a me ʻAmelika. Ma Lūkia, ua hele a lūlū nā nati a puni ka 16th kenekulia, mua ma ka ʻano o ka pua pua a me ka 18th kenekulia. paʻa ka wahi i loko o ka lumi kuke e like me kahi hua ʻai, mea leʻaleʻa hale a me nā mea kuke me nā ʻano kīʻai ʻole maikaʻi ʻole me ka momona maikaʻi.

ʻO kahi pōkole e pili ana i ka bean biology

Nā Leo (Phaseolus) i ka pūnao mea no ka ʻohana bean (Fabaceae) Nā mea e pili ana i 90 mau mea, ma waena o ka maʻamau Nā Kūʻai maʻamau (Phaseolus vulgaris) Ma lalo o nā kūlana kūlohelohe e ulu ana ia ma nā wahi mahana o Europa a me Asia. Kūkulu ʻia ma ka puka ākea ma ka ʻaoʻao hema a me nā wahi kokoke i ka ʻāpana ʻEulopa a me nā wahi mahana o ka ʻāpana ʻĀina o Rusia.

Beans maʻamau - kahi mea kanu honu mea kanu me ke aʻa o ke aʻa, ke kiʻekiʻe mai ka 0.5 a hiki i ka 3 m m, kahi lāʻau a i ʻole ka piʻi.

Hoʻopili ʻia nā ʻōpū o bean, i uhi ʻia me nā lauoho sparse. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa nā lau i nā aniani like ʻole, ternate lōʻihi ka lōʻihi. I nā hua lāʻau o nā lau he mau pua.

ʻO nā pua pua he honu manuahi, 2-6 i kahi pīpī līpoki. ʻO ke keʻokeʻo o nā sepals, he keʻokeʻo, ʻulaʻula, pink, lilac, poni, poni, hāʻawi i nā mea kanu i kahi hiʻohiʻona nani a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ma ke ʻano he meaʻai a me ka moʻomeheu i nā kola kauwela a me nā wahi e pili ana.

Bean hua - bicuspid bean (ʻaʻole pod). Nā kuke i loko o ke ʻano o nā pua, i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai loko mai o kēlā me kēia e ka hui piha ʻole.

ʻO ka hua bean he kūpono a ʻōlima paha, 5-20 cm lōʻihi a me 1.0-2.0 cm ākea, aia mai 3 a 8 mau hua pīni nā ʻāpana like ʻole o nā ʻano a me loko. I ka nānā aku, ua like ka bean me kahi moku. Mai ka Helene ua unuhi ʻia he "moku, shuttle." Hoʻohana ʻia nā bean a me nā ʻanā poʻohiwi ʻanā no ka meaʻai.

Kāleka ʻona kukui. © jonahtheg

Ke ulu nei ʻo Bean

Nā ʻenehana kaiapuni

ʻO ka pīpī kahi mea kanu pōkole me kahi manawa māmā ma mua o 12 mau hola me ka ʻike maikaʻi maikaʻi. No ka loaʻa o ka hua pīpī maikaʻi, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻike i ka ʻikepili i ka lōʻihi o nā hora o ke ao i ke kikowaena weather a i ʻole i ke kalena kūloko.

I kahi lā pōkole, e hele koke ka hua ma ke ʻano a me ke kolo. ʻO nā wahi me ka hola lōʻihi o ka lā a me kahi kūpono kūpono no nā pua, ua lūlū ʻia nā hua liʻiliʻi i ka hapalua o ke kauwela (Iulai) a i hoʻomohala ʻia ka mālamalama ma ka uhi ʻana i nā moena me nā papa me nā pania opaque ma hope o ka manawa o 12 mau a wehe ʻia i ka lā lua me ka lā o ka lā.

Pono e hoʻolauna i nā pīni i nā koi koʻikoʻi i ka lōʻihi o ka lā i ka hoʻomaka wale ʻana o ka manawa e ulu ana, ma hope a ulu lākou a hānai i nā hua maʻamau ma lalo o nā kūlana kukui o ka wā lōʻihi. ʻO kekahi mau ʻano hua pua ʻona i ulu ʻia, ka bred no ka lewa liʻiliʻi a me ka lua ʻākau e nā mea kanu Lūkini, he kūleʻa ʻole i nā hola o ke ao a ulu pū me ka kūlike like a hana i nā huaʻai ma lalo o ka mālamalama pōkole a lōʻihi.

Ke kanu ʻana i nā pīni i ka wahi ākea

ʻAʻole ʻae ka moʻomeheu hema i ka manawa anuanu, no laila, e lawe ʻia ana ka lūlū ma ka wā e hoʻomehana a hoʻōho ʻia ka lepo ma ka piko o 10 cm a hiki i + 12 ... + 14ºС a me ka hoʻoweliweli o ka wā e hoʻōla ʻia ai nā lua Ma kahi kokoke, hoʻomaka ka lūlū hua puaʻa i ka wā o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka kime, a me ka curly - 7-10 mau lā ma hope mai. I ka hema, hiki ke kanuʻia nā pīni i ka hua ʻelua ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana i nā mea kanu mua.

ʻO ka maʻamau, ua kanu ʻia nā pīpī, ma muli o ka ʻano, i kekahi mau manawa me ka haki 8-12 lā. ʻAe kēia iā ʻoe e hoʻonui i ka wā o ka hōʻiliʻili ai.

No ka mea he mea nui ka mālamalama no nā pīni, ua koho ʻia ka pūnaewele kanu mai nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe e pale i ka pale ʻana, a me nā ʻano ʻole. ʻAʻole i hōʻeha kahi i kahi kukui māmā.

ʻO ka pīpī kahi hua kanu kūʻokoʻa, no laila, hiki ke kanu ʻia nā ʻano like ʻole me nā lā ʻala ʻokoʻa ma kahi moe.

Nā Bean maʻamau (Phaseolus vulgaris). © Susanne Wiik

Nā Kumana Mua

E like me nā loina ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka pīni wale lākou he mea pono mua, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā ʻeleʻele, a me ka hau. Hoʻokomo ʻo nā pā i nā ʻano kino o ka lepo me ka pūnaehana kumu ākea hohonu. E hoʻi hou nā Beans i ka ka moʻomeheu moʻomeheu i ko lākou wahi i hala ma hope o 4-5 mau makahiki a ʻaʻole lākou i kanu ʻia ma hope o nā legumes. ʻO nā māla maikaʻi loa e lawe ai i ka huaʻai no ka makahiki aʻe (mua) he mau kaloti, ka ʻili, nā aniani, nā kukama, ka ʻōpala mua, ka mua a me ka ʻōmato maʻa, nā pepelu, hua liʻiliʻi, nā ʻuala.

ʻO ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka lepo no nā pīni

No ka hoʻomohala maʻamau, pono ka moʻomeheu i ka lepo kūlohelohe (pH = 6-7), hiki mai, kūpono, mālamalama ma ke ʻano kino. ʻAʻole ia e ʻae i nā pīpī me ka lōʻihi o ka wai a me ka nui o ka paka momona i ka lepo. Ma ka nui o nā kūpono, nā ʻokiʻala i hoʻoneʻe aku i ka hau mai ka lewa. Inā he lepo ka lepo, kaumaha, hoʻoulu nā mea hoʻouluulu - humus, ʻōpio momona, one, a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe. Loaʻa nā uku noi no kēlā me kēia mika square. m o 8-12 kg o humus aiʻole 4-8 kg o ka paʻa pā. Me ka palena momona o ka lepo, 40-50 g / sq. Hoʻomohala ʻia ka palaoa palaoa mai Dolomite mai ka hoʻoilo no kona deoxidation. m. Nā ʻaina minuke no ka ʻohi lohi, ammophoska o 30-40 g square i hoʻohana. m. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā ammophos a i ʻole kemira i nā iniha like ʻole. He kūpono no kēlā me kēia pīkī paʻakikī, ma ka pōpoki o kahi i hōʻailona ʻia (no ka ʻāʻulu a i ʻole ka hāʻule ʻana o ka noi. E pane maikaʻi aku nā pīpī i nā mea kanu alkaline, no laila i ka hāʻule i hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i 100 g / sq. m o ka lehu no ka eli a i ka pūnāwai i ka wā e hoʻomākaukau ai i ka lepo no ka lūlū i nā pīni.

Ke kanu ʻana i nā pua

Mālama nā Beans i ko lākou hiki ke hoʻonui i ka 700 makahiki (e like me nā kumu palapala. I ka neʻe ʻana a i ʻole nā aʻa ʻehā i mau manawa kūpono mau. Inā ʻoe e koho i kahi holoʻokoʻa, he maikaʻi nā hua, a ikaika nā māla a maikaʻi loa.

ʻO ka papa hana maʻamau no ka kanu ʻana i nā kumulāʻau nā mea maʻamau. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā bean i kahi hohonu o 5-6 cm ma hope o 20-25 cm. Ma waena o nā lālani e waiho iā 30-40 cm, ma muli o ka ʻano like. ʻO nā ʻano curling, e pili ana me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka pā nui, ma mua aʻe o ka pā nui, 3 mau manawa 4 mau mika mika me ka mamao o ka liʻiliʻi he 50 cm. ʻIke mau nā pana mai ka lā 6th - 10th. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā hua he nui i loko o ka lua a ma hope o ke kūleʻa ʻana o 2-3 mau pōpoki i waiho ʻia. Hiki ke kanu i nā hua. Ma hope o ke kanu ʻana, e kāwili ʻia nā moena a inu ʻia. No ka wikiwiki i ka hiki ʻana o nā mea kanu, hiki ke uhi ʻia ka kanu me nā lutrasil a i ʻole kiʻi ʻia.

Nā Pīpika Keʻokeʻo. © 16: 9clue

Mālama Bean

ʻAʻole makemake nā Beans i ka haʻahaʻa kiʻekiʻe, akā makemake lākou i ka nui o ka ea. No laila, ʻo ka lepo ma lalo o nā pīni e pono e hoʻokaʻawale mau a maʻemaʻe mai nā lau. Kūpono ʻia ka mea mua i ka manawa i hiki ai nā pīni i 6-7 cm ke kiʻekiʻe, ka lua - i ka manawa like me ka honua, e hana ana i nā lā 12-14. Hoʻopili ʻia ke kolu o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma mua o ka pani ʻana i nā laina.

Inā ua ulu nui nā mea kanu a me nā wī keriki paha, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻoki i kekahi o nā lau, luku i ka kanu. I kekahi mau lāʻau ākea, ua hoʻoneʻe ʻia nā lāʻau lāʻau mai ka māla. ʻO kēia kahi hiʻohiʻona o nā pīni. Pono ʻo ia i ka nui o ka nitrogen, oxygen, argon, hydrogen, carbon dioxide a me nā mīkini ʻē aʻe no ka hana maʻamau o nā aʻa a me nā lau i mea e hoʻolako ai i nā pono o nā hua e ulu ana o kēia moʻomeheu.

Inā ulu nui nā kumu lāʻau a liʻiliʻi kahi lālā, pono ke hoʻopili ʻia ko lākou mau poʻo. E hoʻomaʻamaʻa kēia ʻenehana i ka branching, a no laila e hoʻonui i ka hua, a me ka wikiwiki i kona ulu ʻana. Hoʻopili pinepine ia i ka cm cm, e like me ka wikiwiki o ka ulu a me ka nui o ka lāʻau.

Nā Mīkini Hoʻonāukiuki

Ma hope o ka hoʻoulu ʻia ʻana a ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka lau o 4-5, ua hoʻoulu ʻia ka pīniu a maloʻo ka lepo. Mai ka 4-5 lau a ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hua ʻana, ua hoʻōki ʻia ka wai. Ma kahi o 2-3 mau lā o Iune, ua hoʻokomo nā pīpī i kahi lā pua. I loko o kēia manawa, pono ia i loaʻa ka nui o ka wai. Hoʻopili ʻia ka hana hoʻokahi i hoʻokahi pule. Akā inā hoʻomaloʻo ka nānāʻana o ka lepo no ka lā 1-2. Ma ka hoʻomakaʻana o ka pua nui, e hoʻonui ka nui o ka irrigation a me ka wikiwiki o ka wā 1,5-2.0 mau manawa. Ke ulu nei nā wili i ka wā o ka hoʻololi i ka maturation, hoʻemi hou ka emi a hōʻoki ʻia. Lawe ʻia ka lawehala me ka wai mahana. ʻO nā loli i ka wai wela i ka wai me ka wai anuanu (mai kahi pūnāwai, artesian) e hōʻeha kino i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka hua.

ʻO ke kaili pīpī i ke kauwela

Hoʻokomo ʻia nā pīpī e 2-3 mau manawa i ka wā ulu.

ʻO ka lole kiʻekiʻe mua e lawe ʻia i ka wā o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka lau mua o nā lau maoli. Hoʻolālā pinepine ʻia nā kolu Phosphoric a phosphoric-potassium, ma kēlā me kēia, ma 30 a me 15-20 g / sq. m

Hana ʻia ka lua i ka manawa o ka wā o ka pua bud - ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pua. I kēia papa hana, pono i nā pīni ke hoʻonui i ka nui o ka pāhana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka chloride ma 15-20 g / sq. m, no ka wikiwiki o ka lawe ʻana i nā mea kanu i nā kino o nā mea kanu. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻololi i ka momona potash me ka lehu lāʻau (kahi aniani i pākia. M).

ʻO ke kolu o ka lole o ke poʻokela ma ke wā o ka ʻūhū ʻana i ka hua, inā pono, hou me ka maniua fosfor-potassium i loko o kahi pākaʻi no 25-35 a me 15-20 g / sq., Hoʻohui. m square. ʻAʻole hiki ke hānai i nā pīni me ka nitrogen. Hoʻomaka ka uluʻana o ka biomass i ka hōʻino o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka hua.

Kahi moena. © Susanne Wiik

Bean Garter

Pono wale ka bean garter no nā ʻano asparagus curly. Hoʻohana ʻia ia e like me ka meaʻai ma ka mākaukau loea i ke ʻano o nā ʻanehue nui-poʻohiwi a i loko o ka mea ke ola - me ka piha ʻana o ka bean-beans. ʻOluʻolu, me ka ʻono maikaʻi, ua hoʻohana ʻia lākou i loko o nā kīʻaha he nui. Ua ulu lākou ma nā trellises, e huki ana i nā lālani o nā uaea, kahi māhoe māno a i ʻole he coesh coach kūikawā. ʻO kekahi mau mea kanu mea kanu, i ʻole ʻole e uhai i nā pou, hoʻoheheʻe wale ʻia nā pahu 1.5-2.0 m kokoke i ka lāʻau a hoʻokō paha i nā pūnana e hoʻopuni ana i ka ulu o ke kumu waena, e kuhikuhi ana i nā kumu kihi o 3 - 5 mau lāʻau ma ka mākeke iā ia.

Bean Protection e pale aku i ka maʻi

ʻO nā maʻi nui o ka pīni nā maʻi, nā pala a me nā maʻi maʻi maʻi.

Kaikole

ʻAʻole pono nā lāʻau lapaʻau e pale aku i nā maʻi maʻi maʻi. E luku ʻia nā mea kanu. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka maʻi maʻi maʻi mai ka poʻe ʻē aʻe e ka dwarfism o ka mea kanu, ka pena ka mosaic i loko o ke ʻano o ka interspersed i ke poʻo nui o ka lau (mosaic), ʻōpala o nā lau, i kekahi manawa e ulu ana i ke ʻano o nā ʻōpala. No ka mahiʻai ʻana i nā palahalaha hale a me nā hale hānai, ʻae maikaʻi ʻia a mālama ʻia nā mosaic Corbett.

ʻO ka hina a keokeo hina hoʻi

Hoʻopilikia ka keʻokeʻo i nā ʻōpala a me nā pi o ka bean. ʻO nā hōʻailona nui ka hōʻike o mycelium keʻokeʻo, ka mea i hui pū ʻia e ka hoʻoneʻe ʻana a me ka palalulu ʻana i nā ʻano maʻi like. ʻAʻole e like me ke keokeo, ke hoʻomaka ʻia ka hōʻike ʻana o ka hina hina me kahi koʻi hina, e neʻe nūnū i nā hua a me nā lau, e wāwahi ai. ʻO ka hopena hope o ka maʻi ka make o nā mea kanu.

Anthracnose

ʻO ke kumu o ka hōʻino anthracnose he mau ʻōpū maʻamau o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole. Hoʻomaka ka ʻike kūʻokoʻa i nā lau ma kahi e hōʻike ʻia ai nā wahi lapalapa, a ma luna o nā kumu lāʻau - elongated light brown spots. Pau nā hua, a lilo nā huaʻai i loko o lākou i mea lawe i ka maʻi.

ʻAno ʻaila

Hoʻopilikia ka pakiaka i nā hua kanu, kahi e malo ai ke poʻo o ke kumu nui, a ma ka ulu lāʻau ulu kīlohelohe, waiho nā lau i ka melemele a hāʻule. ʻO ka pua a me nā ovaries e hāʻule.

ʻO ka ʻōpala Powdery

E like me nā kekeʻe ʻē aʻe, ua pā ka pīniu i ka palaʻai. Ma nā lau i hoʻopilikia ʻia, hōʻike ka mycelium o ka hakahaka iā ia iho i ke ʻano o ka uhi ʻana i keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo a i like hoʻi me kahi lole i kāwili ʻia me ka palaoa. ʻO ka lōʻihi o nā manawa, a me nā hua i hoʻopili ʻia, me nā ʻōpala, huli i keʻokeʻo a maloʻo.

Nā Bean maʻamau (Phaseolus vulgaris). © ʻO Carl Lewis

Mahuika o ka hopena maʻi

ʻO ka kūleʻa o ka hakakā i nā maʻi ʻoi aku ka hilinaʻi i ka maikaʻi o nā hana pale e pili ana i ka:

me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe o nā koena i ka wā o ka hōʻiliʻili a me nā kihi i loko o ka moena māla,
lūlū me ke ola olakino
ka pono kūpono o nā hana āpau inā mālama pono i ka hua,
hoʻohana i nā ʻano pāpaʻi rotr, me ka Turchan, Rant, Triumph sugar 764, Viola a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

Ke kanu nei i nā pīni, i ka wā e ulu ana i kahi liʻiliʻi o kahi ākea a pani ʻole paha, ʻaʻole i ʻōlelo ʻia ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā mea kanu.

Inā pālahalaha ʻole kahi maʻi o ka maʻi nui i kahi nui o nā mea kanu, a laila hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā hoʻomākaukau a me ke kumu keleawe. E kāpīpī i nā pīni ma mua o ka pua ʻana i ka manawa he 1-2 no ka hoʻomaha o 10-lā i ka wai o 1% Bordeaux. Ma hope o ka pua, hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻōlelo hou i ka pīpī, inā pono, nā ʻano loloa wale nō, ʻoiai ʻo ka wā e kali ai ma hope o ka mālama ʻana me ka wai puna ʻo Bordeaux he 25-30 mau lā.

ʻO nā lāʻau'ē aʻe, ua kūleʻa ka biofungicides i nā maʻi maʻi. Kūkulu ʻia kēia mau huahana ola i ke kumu o ke ola ʻana i nā microorganisms pono. ʻAʻole lākou e hōʻino i ka poʻe, nā holoholona, nā mea maikaʻi maikaʻi o nā mea hihiu. Pono lākou e hoʻōla maikaʻi i nā mea kanu i nā lā 10-12. ʻO 1-2-3 pākuʻi ʻana ʻaʻole i kūpono, me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka manaʻo o ka hoʻōla wai. ʻO ka manawa kali no kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau mai 1 a 3 mau lā. ʻO nā palapala āpau e pono ai ke kākau ʻia i nā loiloi, ma kahi kāpili a i ʻole palapala ʻē aʻe i hui pū ʻia.

Mai nā biofungicides, ua hōʻike ʻia nā bipreparations:

Fitosporin - mālama i nā hua, lepo a me nā mea kanu. Hoʻomaka ka hoʻoili ʻana a hiki i nā mea kanu ke kiʻekiʻe o 10-15 cm ke kiʻekiʻe. E hana hou ma hope o 12-20 mau lā inā ʻaʻohe ua.
Mikosan - maikaʻi i nā hoʻomaka mua o ka maʻi. I kekahi lā i hope, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻololi i nā huahana ʻona ʻē aʻe.
ʻO Gamair, Alirin-B ka mea e pale maluhia nei i nā mea pīpī mai ka pala, anthracnose, powdery ʻāmaʻomaʻo.
Ua hōʻino maikaʻi ʻo Bactofit i ka pauka wulu.
Hoʻopau ʻo Trichodermin i nā 60 punetui. Hoʻohana ʻia ma ka hakakā me ke aʻa pala.
Hoʻohana ʻia kahi hopena kūleʻa o ka ihu colloidal i kū'ē i ka pulehu poli a me ka anthracnose.

Ua wehewehe ka ʻatikala i ka maʻi maʻamau a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻohana ʻia e pale ai i nā mea kanu. Ma kahi kokoke i kēlā me kēia makahiki, hāʻawi ka poʻe ʻepekema i nā huahana hou, hou a me ka maikaʻi a me nā hua maʻalahi a me nā huahana olakino, nā papa inoa i paʻi ʻia i loko o nā pukana puke kūikawā a ma ka Pūnaewele.

Nā Bean maʻamau (Phaseolus vulgaris). © Scamperdale

ʻĀlelo Piʻi Pest

ʻO ka maʻi maʻamau o nā mea ʻōmaʻomaʻo ka aphid, ʻo ia hoʻi kahi mea lawe i nā maʻi manu, nā kīʻaha, kahi spider mite, nā moa pī, a me nā ʻala maloʻo i hoʻoulu ʻia e ka bruchus (pea weevil) a me nā ʻōpala pī. ʻO nā mea pīpoki a me nā helu o nā pōpoki mai ka hui o polyphagous e hōʻino ʻia.

Hiki ke hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā slugs a hoʻopau i ke kino ma ka waiho ʻana i nā ʻāpana o ke kāleka, nā ʻūneke, nā pale a me nā mea āpau o nā uhi ʻana i nā mea e pono ai ma nā pā. Ma laila lākou e hūnā ai i ka pō a mai nā hihi o ka lā. Hiki iā ʻoe ke puhi i ka lepo a puni ka mea kanu me ka lime a i ka lehu paha. Ma kēia ʻano e hoʻowalewale i nā slugs.

Lawe ʻia ka hakakā me nā aphids i nā pīni e ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i like me nā mea ʻē aʻe.E hoʻohana i nā infusions o ka uala aniani, celandine, mau ʻanuʻu, ʻoma ʻomaʻi, ʻōmaʻomaʻo a i ʻole ka lole ʻauʻau (ʻaʻole he poke), nā kīpī palaka, celandine.

E kūʻē i nā pahu he, ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Boverin nā huahana biikine, mai laila, e like me nā loiloi, ua mākaukau kahi hana hana hana ʻia nā mea kanu. Hoʻomaopopo hou ka hoʻoiho ʻana ma hope o nā lā 7-10 ma lalo o 3 mau manawa. ʻO ka ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai haʻahaʻa, i ka wā e hoʻoikaika ai ka hoʻolaʻa hou ʻana a me ka hoʻoulu ʻia ʻana o nā pua spung. I ka wā maloʻo, e hoʻomoʻi mau i nā mea kanu.

ʻO ka kīpē a me nā ʻōpio ua luku ʻia e ka hopena o ka aila (2-5 ml no 10 lita o ka wai). E hoʻomoe maikaʻi i ka hana hana a kāpīpī i nā mea kanu.

E kūʻē i nā hua manu ʻē aʻe (aphids, spider mites, pea pīpī, whiteflies), hoʻohana nā huahana bi: Gaupsin, Bikol, Boverin, Verticillin a me nā mea'ē aʻe E kūleʻa ana i nā kūʻai, ʻōpio, nā keʻokeʻo. ʻO ka haupsin ka maikaʻi loa. Hoʻohana ia i ka manawa like me nā maʻi fungal a me nā pōpoki i ka wā ulu. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻokoʻa a hiki i ke ʻano lahilahi o ke ola.

Hoʻokomo pololei nā huaʻai (bean, pea caryopsis) i nā huaʻai pololei. Make nā cereal i nā wela haʻahaʻa. No ka palekana o ka huahana meaʻai, kau ʻia ka palaoa i loko o nā ʻeke lū ʻia i hoʻomoʻe ʻia i ka wai paʻakai a maloʻo. Ma laila e kau i kahi poʻo o ke kāleka. E mālama i loko o ka friji a hiki i ka hau, a i ka hoʻoilo i kahi lumi i ku ʻole ʻia me kahi wela maikaʻi. ʻO nā ʻano ʻē aʻe e mālama ai i ka palaoa e komo:

E hoʻokomo i ka palaoa i loko o ka pahu manu. I ka -12ºС, make nā pōpoki makua a me nā hua make i hoʻokahi hola.

Hoʻopaʻa i ka palaoa i loko o ka umu ma + 90ºС no kekahi mau minuke. Make nā make. I ka wā e hiki mai ana, e mālama i ka palaoa i loko o nā pahu kīwī me nā lids lepo (ʻaʻole kāmika) i loko o kahi lumi maloʻo.

ʻOkiʻoki pua

E huki i nā ʻanā kuʻuna pīpī no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka meaʻai i 2 mau wiki ma hope o ka pua ʻana. Hoʻopau ʻia nā ʻōpio ʻōpio me nā ʻokiʻoki i ke kakahiaka i kēlā me kēia 2-3 mau lā. Store i loko o ka friji. ʻOi aku ka ola ma mua o 2 mau pule. Mākaukau i nā saʻu, nā kīʻaha, nā ʻaoʻao ʻai i ka ʻai a me nā kīʻaha ʻē aʻe.

E hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā pīpī i loko o ka makemakika ololi piha. Ua ʻoki ʻia nā lāʻau maloʻo, a waiho ʻia ke aʻa ma ka lepo. I ka hōʻemi ʻana, e hoʻoola ʻia ka lepo me ka nitrogen a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe.

Hoʻokaʻa ʻia nā lāʻau ʻokiʻoki i loko o nā lāʻau i hoʻokuʻu ʻia a paʻa i kahi papa no ka hoʻomaloʻo. Ma hope o nā lā 10-12, e hānai i ka palaoa a mālama i nā ala i luna.

Nā ʻano līlū no ka ulu ulu ʻana ma ka'āina

Ke ulu nei i nā pīni i ka ākea ākea, pono ʻoe e koho i nā ʻano like ʻole. no laila ua kūpono lākou i nā kūlana kime o kahi.

I ka wā ulu, nā pīni, e like me nā meaʻai ʻē aʻe, ua mahele ʻia i ke kakahiaka, waena a me ka lōlihi. ʻO nā ʻano hua pīpī mua ka hana ʻana i kahi hua kanu i loko o 65-75 mau lā mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana, ma waena - 75-90-100 a ma hope iho - 100 a i ʻole mau lā. I nā hale pilikino, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ulu me nā wā a me ka medium me nā manawa ulu e ulu ʻole ma mua o 75 mau lā.

Ma ka momona, ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā huaʻai i kekahi mau pūʻulu:

palaoa (peeling), no ka hoʻohana mau a me ka mālama ʻana,
asparagus (gula), no ka hoʻohana kauwela hou a me ka mālama ʻana o nā pale,
Kāma-kōpala.

I nā hua hulled, puka nā kahele wili ma nā bean cusps; i loko o ka honi (asparagus) pae, ua hala. ʻO ka hiʻohiʻona o nā ʻano hilahila he nui ka nele o nā fibers paʻakikī ma nā lau o ka scapula, e hoʻomaʻemaʻe maoli ai. I ka hapai o ke koena ʻaila semi-sugar ua hoʻomoe a paʻa paha i lalo ʻole.

Hāʻawi ʻia i nā kumulāi kahi moʻomeheu pilikino, hiki iā ʻoe ke kanu i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka nahele a me ka curly kokoke kokoke.

Nā Huila Kūʻai Kālea

Ma nā ʻāina Siberian, ma ka Far Hikina a me ke kikowaena waena o Rūsia, nā ʻano hua like i hōʻike ʻia aʻe Hoʻōla mua, Kālana ʻAna, Lulu.

ʻOi aku ka nui o nā kōmoli meaʻai Keʻōmaʻomaʻo a me Green 517, Ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka honi 764.

Nā helu semi-sugar - Ke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo, Gribovskaya-92.

Ma ka ala waena, ʻaʻole i ulu nā pīkī maʻa mauʻu, no ka mea ʻaʻohe wā e kohi. ʻAi wale nō nā ʻano kanu mua a kūpono i kēia ʻāina. ʻO nā mea waena, hiki ke hoʻopili wale ʻia nā mea me nā pōkole pōkole e pili ana i ka manawa waena i ka ulu ʻana.

Ma nā wahi hema, ulu nā ʻano pīpī a pau i ka pā ākea.

ʻO nā ʻano like hull Kāleʻa Kiʻi, Kālā -116, Sax, Kāʻala, Kaʻomaka, Antoshka, Iububile-287 me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻōpio ʻōpio a me nā mea kanu ʻai o ka maʻi lahilahi o nā meaʻai.

ʻO nā ʻano pailima, ʻike nui ʻia nā ʻano a hoʻohana ʻia i ke kanu ʻana i nā mea kanu a me nā mea kanu Lambada, Ka mea lanakila, Gerda, Gula ʻuhane, Mauritanian, Wahine wahine, ʻUhane me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

Mai ke ʻano waena o ka ʻāina hiki ke ulu i kahi hōʻiliʻili maikaʻi

Gribovskaya-92 nāhele nahele, puka i kahi hua o ke ʻano lahilahi o 90 mau lā.
Moemoeā o ka haku kāne, ka waena waena me nā hua meli melemele melemele a me ka palaoa keʻokeʻo.
Balladada maʻi pālua. ʻO ka'ōmaʻomaʻa nā bean be he ʻōmaʻomaʻo a ʻo ka huapalaʻo ka beige me nā ʻulaʻula.
Ruby papa waena. ʻO ka hoihoi i nā palaoa polū.

I waena o nā ʻōpū a me nā ʻano ʻai ʻalaahi like ʻole hoʻi, ua kaulana nō nā mea ʻē aʻe, a ʻae ʻia no nā kūlana kime o ka ʻāina. Barbara, Lilac, Hoʻopuka, KikowaenaUfa Kauike, Kau lama, Lulu me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

Nā ʻano 'āpala (sugar) nā pīni

Kāhea ʻia nā Sugar (asparagus) hua ʻaka pīpī. Kūʻokoʻa lākou i ka palaoa me ka ʻole o kahi ʻāpana parchment i loko o ka bean poʻohiwi kaanā. Hoʻohana ʻia kēia mau ʻano i ka meaʻai me ke kala ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōpiopio. Loaʻa iā ia ke lawe i ka umu keu mai ke kino a ua hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia i ka papaʻai meaʻai. Hiki ke ulu i nā mea like ʻole o kēia hui i nā wahi āpau e hoʻokō i nā koi o ka moʻomeheu.

Nā helu mākaʻi: Kelele, precocious, curly. Hoʻokahi kēlā me kēia koʻikoʻi i nā ʻāpana poʻohiwi ākea o 9. ʻO ke aliʻi aila ka mea ʻala maikaʻi, ʻono, ʻona. ʻĀnō nā poli o ka poʻohiwi. No nā mea aloha o nā hua manu, hiki iā mākou ke paipai i ka piʻi ʻana o ka pae Ad Rem. Aia kona mau hua i ka wai ʻono maikaʻi, ʻo ia ka mea i mālama ʻia a hoʻomehana ʻia i loko o nā kīʻaha wela (ʻū, kalai).

I nā ʻōpala mua aʻe, hoʻohana nā mea kanu mea kanu i ka Triumph Sugar, Dialog, Sugar-116, a me nā ʻano hua Vestochka.

Waimea: Crane, e ulu ana ma ke ʻano o kahi lāʻau 50 cm paʻa. ʻŌmaʻomaʻo nā pale. Kūmole i kahi makana kiʻekiʻe.

Hoʻokomo ʻia ka mōʻīʻulaʻula poni me nā kala ʻulaʻula a 15 cm lōʻihi. ʻO ka ʻano ʻē ke kū'ē i nā maʻi viral. Hāʻawi kiʻekiʻe i nā manawa āpau.

Nā ʻāpana like me ke kō

ʻO semi-gula, he aloha nui ka lau mua o Secunda ma waena o nā mea kanu mea kanu. E hoʻolōʻihi i ka nui o ka hua kiʻekiʻe e kūpaʻa i ka anthracnose a me nā pala. ʻO Indiana ʻano ʻōpio mua e hana i ʻelua mau huaʻai i ka hema ma kēlā me kēia kau. ʻO ka pinepine ke kanu nei i nā ʻano Nastena, Antoshka a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

Ke noʻonoʻo nei, i kahi 300 mau ʻano o nā pīni o nā ʻano like ʻole a ua hui ʻia nā ʻano like ʻole, ua hoʻopili ʻia kēia mau ʻāpana liʻiliʻi. Hiki i kekahi mea kanu lāʻau ke koho i nā ʻano āna e makemake ai mai ka katala, ulu a kūʻokoʻa kūʻokoʻa i nā hua no ke kanu ma hope.