ʻO ka lepo, ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā mea kanu me nā mea kanu, e emi iki ka lohi, e nalowale ana i kona ʻano. I ka manawa pōkole, hiki iā ia ke lilo i loko o ka pilikia inā ʻaʻohe mālama kūpono. ʻO kekahi o nā ala mālama e hoʻopili hou ai i nā momona i lawe ʻia mai loko mai o ka lepo e ka hua. No laila, aia kahi kupa o ke kauwela āpau i kahi pahu kōkua mua no ka lepo, ma loko kahi e mālama ai i nā lako a pau e pono ai no ka hoʻopiha hou i nā waiwai ʻāina i hoʻopau ʻia.
No ke aha e pono ai nā mea kanu?
ʻO ke kumu o ke kōkua kōkua no ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana i ka lepo a me nā minelala mineral. ʻO ka hana nui o ka mea kūlohelohe ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana i ka ʻano o ka lepo, a me nā minima mineral - ʻo ka wikiwiki a lawa ka lako o nā mea kanu me nā mea pono pono, ʻoi aku nā mea nui: nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium. Ke kanalua nei, ma kēlā me kēia keʻena lāʻau lapaʻau nā kolamu organik i ke ʻano o ka humus, ka manure, ka pākolo moa, hoʻopulu, nāpa a me nā mea like ʻole, a ma kahi lumi ʻokoʻa (kahi mamao mai nā keiki a me nā holoholona pāʻani) - hauoli, ka phosphorus a me nā pālala pākolo, i hōʻike ʻia e like me ka maʻalahi, e like me a me nā mea paʻakikī a paʻakikī paha.
Hoʻololi lauwili.
Hoʻonohonoho hou nā paʻahana kemika i nā waihona puaʻa wai o nā minerala mineral me nā puka hou, ka mea nāna i loaʻa nā mea like a pau o ka papaʻaina ʻo D. Mendelev, akā ʻaʻole lākou i ka ʻohu ʻia e nā paʻakai, akā, e nā mea hoʻohui ʻia (che che) ka mea i hoʻohana pono ʻia e nā lāʻau me ka ʻole o ka hoʻolilo ʻana i nā mea hou (waena). . ^ E Ha yM.
I ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi waihona maʻamau o nā minela o ke kō, pono ia e hoʻohui i nā pepa hou i ka papa inoa o nā kōkua he lepo. E hoʻonui nui lākou i nā kumukūʻai hana a hoʻonui i ka hana o ka hopena ma ka ulu ʻana o ka lepo a me nā hua ʻai.
Nā kumulāʻau mineral maʻalahi
Loaʻa nā ʻano maʻalahi o nā mea kanu ma kēlā me kēia keʻena lāʻau lapaʻau lāʻau (nitrogen, phosphoric, potash) i ka ʻano o nā ʻano paʻakai. No nā mea momona, ʻoi loa ka mea i loko o ka keʻena lapaʻau lāʻau i ka urea, amonium nitrate, amonium sulfate. Pono ka Phosphor i hoʻokahi a pālua pālua. ʻO ka potash e hōʻike pinepine ʻia e ka potassium chloride, potassium sulfate, pālima paʻakai. Kūpono nui loa lākou pono no ka hānai ʻana i ke kauwela-kauwela. Akā no ka noi nui i ka lepo, i ka wā e mākaukau ai no ka kanu ʻana a me ka lulu ʻana i nā huaʻai, ka hana ʻana me nā mea paʻakikī paʻakikī ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi a me ka maʻalahi.
Pehea e koho ai i kahi loea paʻakikī?
Nui nā kolamu i nā mea he nui i nā hoʻohālikelike a me nā koina. ʻOi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o nā loiloi huina ma ke kō, ʻoi ka liʻiliʻi o ka ballast. Pehea e hoʻoholo ai i kahi loea paʻakikī i ke kūpaʻa o ka hāmeʻa maikaʻi ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe?
Pehea e koho ai i kahi loina paʻakikī i ka hoʻohui
ʻO kēlā me kēia ʻano pālahalaha paʻakikī a paʻakikī paha e hui pū kekahi me kahi palapala kīkē kīnā ʻana a iʻa me nā ʻeke a me nā ipu ʻē aʻe. Hoʻomaopopo ka hōʻailona me ka nui a me ka inoa o nā mea momona, ʻo ko lākou ma ka hoʻohālike. Hōʻike ʻia ka inoa maʻamau o nā papa hana nui i kekahi kauoha: ʻo ka helu helu mua he nitrogen a me kāna hapa, ʻo ka lua ka phosphorus a ʻo ka kolu ka paʻakai.
No ka laʻana, ma ka ʻeke me nā kolu paʻakikī i hōʻailona ʻia 11:10:11 a ma lalo o ka inoa: nitrophoska. ^ E Ha yM. Hōʻike ka helu helu i ka huina o ka ʻekolu mau mea nui i ka hoʻomalu. I ka huina, hoʻonui lākou i 32%, ke koena o ka 68% ua hāʻule i ka ballast paʻakai.
Ma kekahi ʻeke e ʻōlelo nei nitroammofosk (i ka ʻōlelo kanu i nā ʻekolu ʻekolu) a ʻo nā helu 17:17:17. Hoʻohui a loaʻa iā 51% - ke kahe o nā pā pono me 49% o nā ballast.
Ua hōʻike ka helu helu a ʻoi aku ka waiwai ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kūʻai aku i ka nitroammophoska, akā pono ia e nānā i ke ʻano o nā pālākē ma waena o lākou. Inā ʻoi aku ka helu mua (nitrogen) ma mua o 15-16%, a laila ke ʻano no ka noi wai. Inā emi iki ka mākaʻi ʻomaʻi, a laila e manaʻo ʻia ke kīlea no ka noi ʻana o ka ngahulu a i ka ʻaʻa ʻana paha.
Ke heluhelu nei i ka "formula" he mea koʻikoʻi ia e hoʻolohe i ka ratio ma waena o ke kaemeka a me ka potassium, a me ke aniani, a me ka fosfor, ʻoiai ua hoʻokūkū lākou me kēlā a inā he mau lawehala, ʻike lākou i ke komo ʻana o ka mea hoʻokūkū ma ka mea kanu. No laila ʻo ka nitrogen a me ka pāima ma ka haʻalulu o 1: 1 e hoʻopili ʻia e ka mea kanu wale nō e 50% mai ka hopena i hoʻolapalapa ʻia. Pono e hoʻohui i nā pākika potash i kēlā paʻakikī. No laila, inā ʻaʻole i kuhikuhi ʻia ʻo ia ma ka ipu, a ma ka ʻōlelo pili e pili mau ana ka mea ʻē aʻe i ka mea e mālama ʻia ai kēia mau mea kanu no ka noi a ma lalo o nā mea kanu.
ʻO ka laʻana diammonium phosphate Kakomo me ka nitrogen and phosphorus content o 19:49 ua noi ʻia no ke noi nui ma ka hāʻule. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ke kapa i ka lole i ka lua o ka hapa o ka mea kanu lāʻau.
Nitrophos me ke aniani a me nā pāʻina phosphorus o 23:23 ua kono ʻia no nā mea kanu āpau ma kekahi ʻano ʻāina, akā me ka momona potasi kiʻekiʻe.
Monophosphate kaleka me ka pālākiō o N: P: K = 0:52:34, i ʻōlelo ʻia no ka hānai ʻana i nā kīhāpai māla mai ka hapa lua o ʻAukake.
ʻO nā mea kanu kūlou me nā mea hoʻohui microelement, e pili pū ana me ka magnesium a i ʻole zinc, molybdenum, boron a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Ke hoʻohana ʻia nā kolikua paʻakikī, pono e mālama ʻia nā helu palapala noi no ka ʻāina a me ka ʻano ʻāina. Hiki i kā lākou hōʻeha ke hoʻopōʻino i nā mea kanu a hoʻonāukiuki i nā kaʻina maikaʻi i ka lepo. Ma kahi o nā ʻike maikaʻi a ākea ākea i loko o nā hale kūʻai o nā kolamu mineral, pono lākou i ka pahu kōkua mua Kaʻa a kaʻa a Kūlea, Kemira - Hāʻawi i nā mea kanu i ka wā e hānai ana i ka saturation wikiwiki o nā mea kanu me nā mea kanu. Maikaʻi lākou i loko o ia mau mea na ka NPK koʻikoʻi, a me nā mea trace. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana iā lākou no nā mea kanu āpau.
Ke koho nei i nā microfertilizer
I mea e hoʻomohala ai nā mea kanu, ma kahi o ka tuks nui, pono nā kīkona micronutrient. Pono kēlā me kēia kola kōkua mua i nā ʻano o ka mea kanu micronutrient no ka foliar no ke kauwela-kauwela a me ka aʻa ka hopena pua, ka mālama ʻana i ka mālama ʻana i nā hua kanu, ka mālama ʻana i ka mālama ʻana i nā hua, nā mea kanu. ʻO lākou nā konupora, boron, zinc, manganese, iodine, molybdenum, ka hao i loko o nā ʻano like ʻole a me nā hui pū kekahi. No nā lāʻau lapaʻau hou e loaʻa ai nā mea trace i loaʻa i loko o ka keʻena lāʻau lapaʻau Aquamix, Tsitovit, Uniflormicree no Hoʻopilikia lākou i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka aʻa, hoʻonui i ka pale o nā mea kanu, ʻo ia hoʻi, ko lākou hiki ke kū i nā maʻi a me ka wā. E hoʻohana i nā microfertilizer i loko o kēlā mau hui e liʻiliʻi i ka lepo a pono lākou no ka ulu maʻamau a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea kanu. Ma muli o ke ʻano o ke ala e hoʻohana ʻia ai he lāʻau lapaʻau ma mua o ka meaʻai a ʻaʻole pono ʻoe e overdo ke hoʻohana me kā lākou hoʻohana.
Ke hoʻomau nei nā loea Agrochemical i nā ʻano micronutrient hou, me nā waiwai hou. No laila, ua puka mai nā hoʻomākaukau ʻana microfertilizer ma luna o nā mākēkē ʻoihana kemika, i hoʻohui ʻia me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka ulu a me nā mea humic. ʻEkehu-1, Hoʻolāʻiwa, etc.
ʻO ka minuke mineral.
Nā hana hou o nā minerala mineral
Inā mākou e hōʻailona i kahi kuhikuhi o ka agrochemistry i ke kukui o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā hōʻiliʻili hou, a laila e waiho i ka wā e hiki mai ana i nā puka ballastless hiki ke hoʻomālamalama me ka hana lōʻihi ʻole i ka mea hānai wale i nā mea kanu a hoʻopiha i ka lepo me nā miner e pono ai, akā e mālama pū kekahi. Mai kēia wahi nui o nā pīkī lohi, nā mikonsutrient fertilizers me nā hui like ʻole a me nā ʻano o nā micronutrients, ʻo ka bio-fertilizers a me nā mea ʻano ʻē aʻe, ʻo ka hopena e hiki ke kū i ka 3 mau makahiki a ʻoi paha keu, ke hoʻohiki nei no kahi kolo kōkua mua.
Pupukīa no ka hoʻomau mau ʻana o nā mea kanu
Nā kahu ʻai mineral
Ua hoʻomohala nā mea inikia Lūkini i kahi papa kūikawā o nā hana lohi e hana ana ma lalo o ka inoa maʻamau "Apions". ^ E Ha yM. Loaʻa lākou ma ke ʻano o nā papa, nā lāʻau lāʻau, nā ʻeke me nā poli polymer. Ua lawa i loko o ke kumu o nā mea kanu, e like me ke kuhikuhi ʻana, e kālai i kahi papa, i ke koʻokoʻo i ka lepo a i ʻole ke kau i ka ʻeke ma ka ʻaoʻao o luna a ma lalo o ke mana o ka ea e "hana" ai lākou no hoʻokahi mau makahiki. (mai 2 mau mahina a 2 - 3 mau makahiki). Hoʻohana ka papa inoa o Apion i nā lāʻau berry, nā mea kanu, nā pua a me nā mea kanu huaʻai.
Pāwīwī uila paʻa
Ma ke keʻena lāʻau lapaʻau, pono ʻia nā pakanui hoʻopuni ʻia o nā pakanui micronutrient paʻakikī e loaʻa i kekahi mau mea i kahi ʻano chelated. I ka wā e komo ai, ua komo lākou i nā mea kanu a ua hū ʻia i ka 95%, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻohe o lākou ballast. No nā lole topela foliar, aia i nā microfertilizer kahi mea like a me nā hui pū ʻana. "Master" (magnesium, hao, keleawe, zinc) hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma kekahi ʻāina. "Reakom" a Sisama (ka keleawe, magnesium, zinc, hao, sucrose) mea i makemake nui i nā mea kanu, me nā Tomato, kāpeti, ʻuala. Eia kekahi, hoʻemi ʻo Reakom i ka nui o nā nitrates i loko o ka huahana, a hoʻonui aku ʻo Sesame i ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi a me nā pōpoki. Hoʻomaopopo i ka "Reakom" e hōʻike ʻia no ka hānai ʻana i nā māla.
ʻO kahi micropreparation piha no nā māla a me nā pua aloha "Oracle" (hao, magnesium, keleawe a me ka zinc) i hoʻokuʻu ʻia. Hoʻohana ʻia no ka lole o ka pono o nā māla hua lāʻau, nā hua ʻai, nā moena pua, nā pā.
Pono ke ʻano o nā mea kanu a ʻo ka mea kanu ma luna o ka mahiʻai - he mea nui loa no ka lole ʻo foliar luna, ʻoi aku nā mea nāwaliwali nāwaliwali. Naikini K, Nanite me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
ʻO ka hoʻokomoʻana i ka loea lōʻihi no nā mea kanu.
Nā mea maʻamau
Biofertilizer - kahi huaʻōlelo "hou" i kā ka ʻoihana ʻoihana mahiai. Ke hoʻonui nei lākou i ka momona kūpono a me ka kūlohelohe o ka lepo, e hoʻihoʻi i ka lepo, inā, no nā kumu like ʻole, ua hoʻonui ka nui o ka acidity a me ka pani ʻana o ka hapa nui o nā mea kanu a me nā hua horticultural. ʻO ka mea kūlohelohe, ʻaʻole nā kumu o nā biolima e hoʻonui i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa iki o ka lepo, akā, ʻo kā lākou 2 - 3 makahiki e hāʻawi ai i nā hopena i nānā ʻia a hiki iā ʻoe ke loaʻa nā huahana maikaʻi, maikaʻi. Pono ka ʻōkuhi mua-kōkua i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka microbiological o nā EM-moʻomeheu (Laulā, Baikal EM-1, ʻĀpau) ʻO nā mea hoʻonani lepo maikaʻi nā biofertilizer "ʻOhao", Kyussay, ʻO Baksib, "Ke ola maikaʻi".
Biofertilizer ʻO ka honua "Globioma biota Max" - He mea kōkua no ka hoʻōla a me ka palekana o nā mea kanu, ka hoʻihoʻi hou o ka momona maoli o ka lepo a me kāna microflora pono, ʻo ia ka pale o nā mea kanu mai nā hua manu a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe. Kūʻai kūpono i ka noi a me nā mana maʻamau e hoʻopili pono ana i ka biofertilizer Nanoplant. ^ E Ha yM. Hāʻawi ʻia no nā mea kanu horticultural a me ka pua floriculture. ʻO ka 1-2 maʻi i kēlā me kēia kau, e komo ai i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā hua kanu, e hāʻawi i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke ola o nā pua, hoʻomaikaʻi i ke ʻano o ka ʻāina, hoʻonui i nā hua hua.
ʻAʻole hiki i kahi ʻōmike pōkole ke uhi i ka papa inoa o nā minuke mineral i loaʻa. Akā i kēlā me kēia keʻena lāʻau lapaʻau, kahi papa inoa o nā minamina o nā mea minamina o nā minamina a, ʻoiaʻiʻo hoʻi, kūlohelohe, organik-mineral (WMD) a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
