Stevia, a i ʻole he melemole ʻassleau

ʻO Stevia ka lāʻau a pau mai ka ʻohana Asteraceae, nā lau o ia ka glucoside (stevioside), ʻo 300 mau momona i ʻoi aku ka sucrose. He mea pono kēia kō kōa gula no nā kānaka a pau, ʻoi aku ka poʻe me ka maʻi diabetes a me ka momona. ʻAʻole ulia ia o ka mea kanu i hiki mai iā mākou mai ʻAmelika Hema (Paraguay) ʻimi ʻohi e ulu i nā māla lehulehu. Eia wale nō ka manaʻo o ka ʻenehana ʻenehana ʻo stevia ʻaʻole kūpono ia no nā kānaka a pau.

Stevia meli, a he ʻaina mauʻu (Stevia rebaudiana) - kekahi ʻano o ka mea kanu o ka huaʻōlelo Stevia (Stevia) ʻO Astrovic, a i ʻole ʻohana Asteraceae.

Ke ulu nei ʻo Stevia mai Seeds

ʻO ka mahana kaoa o ka honua a me ka ea no ka ulu a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka meli stevia he 15 ... 30 ° C ka wela.

I ko mākou'āina, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o stevia i mea ulu ma ke ʻano he mea kanu makahiki. ʻO ka mua, ua mākaukau nā mea kanu (ua lūlū ʻia nā hua a hiki i ka waena o Mei), a laila kanu ʻia nā mea kanu ʻelua mau mahina ma ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Akā, makemake wau e lūlū koke i ka stevia i kahi paʻa mau - i loko o nā pot. Pono e loaʻa i ka lua ma lalo o ka ipuhao, e hoʻohui, waiho wau i ka ipu i kahi pānaʻi o nā 3 gravel, a laila ke one. Hoʻonohonoho wau i ka lepo no ka stevia lepo mai ka māla a me nā humus a i ʻole kahi haʻahaʻa mauʻu (3: 1), pH 5.6-6.9 (kūleʻa).

He liʻiliʻi loa nā hua Stevia, 4 mm lōʻihi, 0,5 mm ākea. No laila, ʻaʻole wau e pani iā ​​lākou, akā waiho wale iā lākou i ka ʻaoʻao o ka ʻāina palulu ʻia, a laila hoʻoinu lākou iā lākou. Hoʻopili wau i nā ipu me ka lūlū ʻana me ka ipu aniani o ke aniani, kahi ʻāpana palupalu a i ʻole kiʻiʻoniʻoni a waiho i ka wela (20 ... 25 ° C). Ma lalo o kēia mau ʻano, ulu a stevia ma hope o 5 mau lā. Mālama wau i nā hua ma ke kukui, akā ma lalo o kahi hiki. Ma hope o 1.5 mau mahina ma hope o ka hoʻoulu ʻana, hoʻohemo iki wau i ka ipu no kekahi manawa, i ka hebedoma e aʻo ana au i nā mea kanu e ola me nā wahi ʻole. Ke hoʻoikaika nei i nā hua kanu me nā wahi ʻole e hoʻohuli aku au i nā windowsill i hoʻomālamalama ʻia e ka lā.

Ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana i ka puʻupuʻu mai nā mea kanu, ʻike maopopo ʻaʻole e maloʻo ka lepo (pono maoli ka lepo). No ka mālama i ka ea o ka ea, e lūlū wau i nā mea kanu me ka wai ma ka mahana o ka lumi i ʻelua a ʻekolu mau manawa i ka lā. Ke ulu a ulu nā mea kanu, hoʻoliu wau i nā pot i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Hoʻomaka mai ka lua o ka malama ma hope o ka ulu ʻana o nā hua stevia, hānai aku au iā lākou i kēlā me kēia pule ʻelua pule, e hoʻohuli ana i nā minerala a me nā fertilizers organik. ʻO ka hoʻohana mū he 10 l: 10 g kēlā me kēia 34% ammonium nitrate a me 40% paʻakai pākahi, 20 g pālua superphosphate. Mullein I breed ma kahi hapa o 1:10. I ka wā lulu, hiki i nā mea kanu ke pili i 60-80 cm.

Hoʻōla ʻia ʻo Stevia e kahi ʻokiʻoki

Inā ʻaʻole hiki ʻoe ke kūʻai i nā hua hou, a laila haʻalele wau no ka hoʻoilo i kekahi mau potika me ka stevia, aʻu e mālama ai ma ka home a hoʻohana i ka ʻōpū no ka ʻoki ʻana i nā ʻala o nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo.

ʻO kahi pahu lāʻau i ʻāpana o kahi pana hou i nā pua a me nā lau. Ua hōʻiliʻili wau iā lākou mai nā mea kanu ulu maikaʻi ʻo Stevia, a ʻoi aku hoʻi i ʻelua mau makahiki. ʻO ka manawa maikaʻi loa no ka ʻokiʻoki ʻana mai ka waena o Mei a hiki i ka mahina o Iune.

Hoʻokiʻoki wau i nā pua i noho ai ka ʻōpala me nā lau ʻelua a ʻehā paha ma ka ʻōpū o ka stevia. A laila mai nā pua i loaʻa i nā koi o nā lau, ma ka ʻaukala 2-4 ulu a ulu i 60-80 cm lōʻihi, nā lau e hoʻohana ai i ka ʻai.

No ka huki ʻana, pono kahi laʻa Stevia he ʻekolu i ʻelima mau papahana, ʻo ia ka luna me nā lau, a ʻo ka lalo me lākou ʻole. Hoʻopili wau i ka ʻokiʻoki ʻo stevia i loko o kahi ipu aniani a i ʻole kahi pahu enamel me ka wai a i ʻole 1% hoʻonā wai kala (hoʻokahi kele no 1 lita o ka wai). Hoʻopili wau i ka kīʻaha me nā mea ʻeleʻele i ʻole ka hāʻule o nā hihi o ka lā i loko: i loko o ka pōʻeleʻele, ʻoki maikaʻi nā aʻa. Hoʻokomo wau i ka kāleka ma luna o ka pahu me nā lua i waiho ai au i nā ʻoki a pēlā ka pipi i lalo me ka lau lau ʻole ʻia i loko o ka wai, ʻaʻole i hoʻopu ʻia kona mau lau a kū mau i ka lewa. Hoʻopili wau i nā ʻokiʻoki me kahi pahu aniani o ka nui nui a i ʻole kahi ʻāpana o ka pahu bole.

Ke hoʻololi nei au i ka wai ma hope o 3 mau lā, a no ka ʻoi ʻana o kahi hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻekolu mau manawa i ka lā i hōʻapu au i ka lau stevia me ka wai a i ʻole ka loaʻaʻana o kahi 1% holi. I ke mahana o 18 ... 25 ° C, e ulu hou ana nā aʻa i ka pule. A hiki lākou i ka 5-8 cm (i ʻelua mau pule), kanu wau iā Stevia ma kahi moena i loko o ka hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo a i loko o ka mauʻu paha a ma kahi hebedoma ua mālama wau i nā hua kanu ma lalo o ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni. Pono ka lepo ma mua o ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā ʻokiʻoki.

Hōʻiliʻili nā mea pākeke i ka glycoside i ka lā. Eia naʻe, make ka ʻōpio stevia a me nā unrooted ma lalo o kona mau hihi. No laila, pale au i ka moena me ka wili a i ʻole nā ​​mea waiwai ʻē aʻe. Hoʻohana wau i ka lepo a nānā i nā stevia pakiaka i ke ʻano like me ka ulu ʻana mai nā hua kanu. Hoʻomoʻa i ka mea i kūpono, akā ma ka liʻiliʻi he hoʻokahi i ka pule. 3 mau mahina ma hope o ka hake ʻana o nā ʻōlohelohe, hele maila ʻo ʻAlevia i ka lōʻihi o 60-80 cm.

E ninini i ka wai kō i ka wai hou a maloʻo ma ka malu o nā lau stevia a koi i nā hola 2-3. Hoʻohana wau i ka infusion e hana i ka hua kanu, kofe, cereals, confectionery.

E pili ana i nā pono o stevia

ʻO ka lau Stevia he 300 mau haneli ma mua o ke kō a ua loaʻa nā mea hou aku ma mua o ka 50 mau mea pono i ke kino o ke kanaka: ka paʻakai mineral (calcium, magnesium, potassium, fosfor, zinc, hao, cobalt, manganese); kōmina P, A, E, C; ʻo beta-carotene, waikawa amino, nā aila pono, pectins.

ʻO ka kūʻokoʻa o ka stevia ke waiho nei i ka hui pūʻana o nā huaora a me nā minela me nā momona kiʻekiʻe a me nā haʻahaʻa kaloli haʻahaʻa. No laila, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā mea inu a me nā huahana me stevia e hoʻomalu i ka paona kino i ka hihia o ka maʻi maʻi.

Ma muli o kahi ʻoluʻolu, ke hoʻohana nui ʻia ia ma Iapana, a ma ka USA a me Kanada e hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he meaʻai meaʻai. Hōʻike nā haʻawina lapaʻau i nā hopena maikaʻi me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka stevia no ka mālama ʻana i ka momona a me ke hypertension.

ʻO ka moʻomeheu o nā pōʻino o stevia

I ka manawa pinepine, ua ʻike ʻia kahi haʻawina ʻo 1985 i ka Pūnaewele e ʻōlelo ana ʻo nā steviosides a me rebaudiosides (i loaʻa i ka stevia) i manaʻo ʻia he mau mutations a, a he hopena he mau lāʻau lapaʻau.

Akā, ʻaʻole i hoʻokō ʻia nā noi ʻana he nui a me nā kikoī e hōʻoia ana i kēia noi. Hema loa, i ka 2006, ua mālama ka World Health Organization (WHO) i ka loiloi holomua o nā hoʻokolohua hoʻokolohua i mālama ʻia i nā holoholona a me ke kanaka, a hana i kēia hopena: "ʻO nā steviosides a me rebaudiosides he non-toxic, genotoxicity of steviol a me kekahi o kāna mau oxidative derivatives i loaʻa ma vivo" . ^ E Ha yM. ʻAʻole i loaʻa i ka ʻike nā hōʻike no ka carcinogenicity o ka huahana. Ua hōʻike pū ka hōʻike i nā waiwai pono: "Ua hōʻike ʻo stevioside i kekahi hopena lāʻau lapaʻau i nā mea maʻi me ka hypertension a me nā mea maʻi me nā maʻi maʻi type 2."

Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea kanu ma ka kanu ʻana o stevia: G. Vorobyova