ʻO Skumpiya - ke kumu lāʻau kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole nā kumu liʻiliʻi o ka ʻohana sumac. ^ E Ha yM. E hiki ana i kahi kiʻekiʻe o 2 mika. Loaʻa ia ma ka nahele ma ka hema o Rūsia, ma ka Hikina, Asia Minor, i Kina a me nā Himalaya, a ulu nui ma nā kahe maloʻo maloʻo, nā kālai a me nā pihi calcareous. I ka horticulture ornamental, ua ʻike ʻia ka scoopia mai ka makahiki 1650. He mea maʻamau ka moʻomeheu ma waena o Rūsia mai ka Far East a hiki i St. Petersburg.
Mackerel, Latin - Cotinus.
Ua hāʻule koke ka lei ākea piha me ke aloha me nā mea kanu. ʻOiai e lōʻihi ana ka manawa e kali no ka pua mua. Ua ulu mua kēia ma ka makahiki 6-8 o nā makahiki. Akā e pono ʻia. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pua, ua hoʻopuni i loko o ka ʻulaʻula, ʻōmaʻomaʻo a ʻulaʻula paha. ʻO kēia hopena ma muli o nā pedicels. Hoʻopili nā paniculate inflorescences i ka lei o scoopia me kahi wig peculiar. Mai ii mai ka inoa mai o ka inoa inoa o ka puʻima - "wig tree". Inā ʻoe e nānā i kēlā mea kanu mai kahi mamao aku, a laila e hoʻokau kupanaha me nā kohu ʻano aniani i hāʻule i ka honua. Ma kēia ʻano hana, noho mau ka skumpiya mai ka hopena o Iune a hiki i Nowemapa - Kekemapa.
I ka wā heiwa e kū nei ka scoopia mai nā koena o nā mea kanu.. ^ E Ha yM. Hōʻike kona kala i ka uliuli, ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula a poni paha i ka hue.
Ua ʻike ʻia kēia kuahiwi e nā Helene kahiko.. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO nā mea kolo i hana ʻia mai nā lau a me ka lāʻau o scoopia; ma muli o ke kumuwaiwai piha o nā tannins, ua hoʻohana ʻia nā hua manu i hana ʻia i nā ʻano kiʻekiʻe. ʻOi aku nei kekahi mau mākeke Asia no ka pauna ʻona no ka ʻili māmā mai nā mea i kapa ʻia ʻO Venetian, Trieste a me Tyrolean sumacs. Mai nā lālā ʻōpio, loaʻa nā inflorescences a me nā lau i nā aila pono no ka ʻaila ʻala. ʻO Tannin a me ka hamic acid, i hana ʻia mai ka scumpia, e hele i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau, a ua hoʻololi ka ʻili i ka henna. Hāʻawi ʻia ʻo ia e nā kāpena kāpena ka lāʻau melemele-green (fustik).
Mahalo i kona mau hiʻohiʻona a me ka kaulana, ua loaʻa i ka scumpia nā inoa he nui mai nā lāhui ʻē aʻe.: nā lau kiko, morocco leaf, alizarin tree, yellowness, tannin. Akā ua hāʻawi ʻia ka inoa maikaʻi loa loa o kēia mea kanu ma ka Lūkini kahiko - kahi lāʻau hana mana.
Nā hiʻohiʻona
Kahua: Aloha nui ʻo ia i nā wahi wela, ʻona ʻia mai ka makani ikaika. I nā wahi kuaalona, ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka manawa ʻōpio i nā manawa e hoʻopau lohi a hiki ke manuahi i ka hoʻoilo.
Eleele: hiki ke ulu i nā lepo (pH 5.5-6), akā makemake ka alkaline (calcareous) nā lepo. ʻO ka wili uila i loko o ka mana kūpono loa he māmā, hanu (akā naʻe, chestnut kaumaha, loamy, sandy, Sandy nā mea i kāpae ʻia!). He pono nui kēia lāʻau no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā ʻōpala i kahi kahe i ka wai; e ulu maikaʻi ʻo ia ma luna o nā pōhaku, e komo ana i nā hohonu hohonu ma muli o nā mea kūlohelohe i huna ʻia e nā aʻa. Ke koi nei nā kukuna i ka lepo o ka lepo. ʻO kahi mea pono no kāna ulu maikaʻi he haʻahaʻa ma ka lalo haʻahaʻa o ka wai. Pono hoʻi e kāpae i ka kūnāwai wai o ka meltwater.
Mālama: ka mea nui ma ka hoʻokumu ʻana o kahi lāʻau. ʻAʻole paʻa ka mea kanu mai nā pōpilikia a ʻaʻole paʻakikī i ka maʻi. ʻAe maikaʻi ʻo Mumps i ka hōʻiliʻili maikaʻi. Hoʻopili ʻia ia i kēlā me kēia 2-3 mau makahiki i ka hopena o ka puna a hiki i ka pua pua. I ka wā kanu, hoʻokahiʻano liʻiliʻi o ka ulu ʻana o hoʻokahi makahiki ma ka 2/3. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻōla hou i ka ulu lāʻau me ka kanu "stump". Ma muli o kēlā hua pā, ua puka ka scoopia i ka pana ikaika, ua hoʻokumu ʻia kahi lei spherical compact, ʻōpili a hoʻomohala i nā lau nui.
Pili: i ka wā o ka pua, nani ka mea kanu - ke hoʻopuni ʻia nei i loko o kahi aniani a ʻālamalama, a maloʻo nā lālā i kahi kūlana i hoʻokuʻu ʻia me nā inflorescences e nānā nui i nā kulu hoʻoilo. No laila ʻaʻole e hina ka inflorescences maikaʻi, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻōla iā lākou me nā lauoho.
ʻO ka mackerel ʻenehana kekahi mau mea lapaʻau.. ^ E Ha yM. Hoʻopili ʻia ka infusion o nā lau i ka palaka no ka puhi ʻana, nā ʻōpio, nā bedores, no ka holoi ʻana me ka nāwī o ka waha a me ka ʻāʻī, no nā ʻauʻau me nā wāwae ʻūlū. I loko o ka infusion e hoʻohana ʻia no ka ʻawaʻawa ʻana i ka meaʻai a me nā mea ʻawaʻawa me nā paʻakai o nā metala kaumaha, alkaloids, me ka maʻi maʻi, colitis. No ka hoʻomākaukau i ka infusion, kākuhi ʻia ka 1 punetēpala o nā lau malo i ka hapalua hola i 1 kiaha o ka wai hoʻolapalapa, kānana a lawe waha ʻia, 1 mau kīpē he 3-4 mau lā i ka lā. Hoʻohana ʻia nā mea maka i Iulai-ʻAukake. Pono e hōʻiliʻili i nā lau he nui mai kēlā me kēia lālā, me ka hōʻa ʻole ʻia o kēlā me kēia mea ʻoi aku ma mua o ka 1/3, inā ʻaʻole i make ka ʻoki i nā hoʻoilo hoʻoilo.
Leʻaleʻa
Hoʻouluulu ʻo Mackerel i nā hua a me nā mea kanu.
Pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā hua i loko o ka hopena o ka hopena o ka waikona sulfuric no 20 mau minuke, a laila e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia no 2-3 mau mahina ma kahi wela o 3-5 ° C a hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia i nā mahina 5-6 wale nō. Ua lulu ʻia nā hua i mālama ʻia i loko o ke kihi i loko o nā moena, i hoʻomau ʻia ma ka lepo ma ka 1.5-2 cm. ʻO ka lehulehu o 1000 mau hua he 8.6 g. ʻO ka ikaika a me ka palakima maikaʻi o ka uhi waho o nā hua maʻamau e hoʻolilo pinepine i ka līlū o nā hua kanu mai ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka makahiki i hala, ʻoi aku ka hope o ka pūnāwai, e mau wale ana i ka makahiki e hiki mai ana, ʻoiai ko lākou kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe.. ^ E Ha yM. ʻAʻole pono nā mea pana.
Ma muli o ka mānoanoa o ka ʻu, ka loli o ka huelo o nā hua i loko o ka wai e lohi a loli ʻole. ^ E Ha yM. Kaha piha o 49 - 85%. ʻAʻole nalowale nā hua kanu i ko lākou ulu ʻana i nā makahiki he nui. Hiki iā ʻoe ke mālama i nā hua kanu i ka pani ʻōpiopio a paʻa paha i ka mahana o ka lumi. ʻO ka hoʻonuiʻana i kahi hana o 35%, lepo - kiʻekiʻe loa, no ka mea, ua luku koke ʻia ka ua.
No ka hoʻouluʻana i nā mea kanu, ʻokiʻoki, ʻokiʻoki, hoʻohana ʻia.. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO ke ala hope loa ka maʻalahi. Ua wili ka lālā i ka lepo, ʻoki ana i ka ʻili mai lalo, ʻehā a kāpīpī ʻia me ka honua, a ma hope o ka ulu ʻana o nā aʻa, ʻoki ʻia a kanu ʻia lākou.
Hoʻokiʻoki ʻia nā ʻoka mai ka wai ʻona i ka hopena o Iune - i ka hoʻomaka o Iulai, ma mua o ke kanu ʻana i nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ke kauwela ua mālama ʻia me kahi hopena wai o ka heteroauxin (20 mg / l no 12 mau hola). ^ E Ha yM. I ka pipi a i ʻole me ka hoʻoulu pinepine ʻana (i ka manawa mua o ka hake ʻana, ua ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻoheheʻe i ka wai palapa i kēlā me kēia mau minuke 20.), ʻO ka lohi ʻana o nā hōʻoki o ka scoopia i ʻekolu mau pule. ʻO ka ʻoki āpau o 36% i ka wā e mālama ʻia ai i kahi hopena o 0.005% o IMC.
© KENPEI
Nā ʻano a me nā ʻano
Hōʻea wili - Cotinus coggygria
Ke kūlohelohe nei ia i ka hema hema o ka ʻāpana ʻāpana o Rūsia, ma ke Kaiwaenua, a me Caucasus, i loko o Crimea, Western Asia (i.e. Western) i ka Himalaya a me Kina. ^ E Ha yM. Aia ka hapanui ma nā kahawai hema, ma nā lepo ma lalo o nā ʻoka e pili ana i nā pōhaku.
ʻO ke kuʻekuʻe ikaika paʻa, hiki i ke kiʻekiʻe o 1,5-3 m, ʻaʻole e ulu i ka nui o ke kumu o ka lāʻau me ka lei poepoe, a hiki i 5 m ke kiʻekiʻe. Pākuʻi - hina-brown, flaky, ʻōmaʻomaʻo a ʻulaʻula paha, glabrous, huna waiū waiū i kahi hoʻomaha. ʻO nā lau ka mea ʻē aʻe, maʻalahi me ka petiole mānoanoa, ovate a obovate paha, holoʻokoʻa a i ʻole paku paha. ʻO nā pua ka bisexual a staminate, pinepine pinepine i lalo, nui, ʻulaʻula a i ʻole kāriʻāhiu, i ʻohi ʻia i loko o nā palula nui. Ka pua ma Mei-Iune, ma nā ʻaoʻao hema - he nui i kēlā me kēia kau. Hoʻopau - hua liʻiliʻi maloʻo o ke ʻano o obovate, hiki i ka Iulai-ʻAukake.
I ka wā hōʻiliʻili, nui nā puʻupuʻu e uhi a uhi ʻia me nā lauoho ʻulaʻula a ʻulaʻula ʻē aʻe, i lilo ai ka pā panula i mea nani a maikaʻi loa.. ^ E Ha yM. Mahalo i kēia, ʻike ʻia me he mea lā ua kāʻei ka mea kanu i kekahi mau wig a i uhi ʻia paha i ka ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula ulaula. Ma kēia ʻano hana, lele mai ka lāʻau mai ka hopena o Iune a Novemaba - Kekemapa. No laila, ʻelua mau inoa o ke kumu ʻoi - he wig a me ka lāʻau smoky - aia i loko o nā ʻōlelo o nā kānaka he nui. Hoʻopuka ʻia nā ʻāpana o ka inflorescence a, mahalo i ka lōʻihi, pubescent stalks, i lawe ʻia me mau drupes i loko o ka lewa a i ʻole, me he mea lā he ʻōpala, i ka ʻāina mākaʻi (e hoʻomanaʻo i ka ʻāina kahakaha o ka Mediterranean). I ka ngahulu, mai ka hoʻomaka o Kepakemapa, ua loli nā lau o scoopia i ke kala. I ka wā mua, kū ka crimson ma nā kihi a me nā veins o nā lālani i hoʻomālamalama ʻia e ka lā, he manawa iki ma hope e uhi ana i nā lau āpau. I kekahi manawa kūponoʻole nā kala, violet, nā kala kala a me nā luster metallic i nā kala. A laila hāʻawi i ka mea kanu i kekahi mea hou aʻe - e hōʻalo nui ʻia, i ka wā e hoʻololi ana, i ke hoʻololi ʻana i nā ʻenekela i kū hope ʻia i loko o ka māla
Ma muli o ka laulā nui, ka hoʻohālikelike a me ka hoʻolālā ʻana i ka moʻomeheu, he nui nā palapala scoopia. ^ E Ha yM. Mai ka makahiki o ka makahiki i hala, ua kolohe (ʻoi loa ia no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā pupu), ua ʻike ʻia ka uwē a me nā mea ʻulaʻula. ʻO ka maʻamau, ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo kekahi o nā mea kiʻekiʻe kupaianaha no nā lāʻau hoʻokahi a me nā hui i nā māla nui a me nā māla, a me nā wao nahele. E hiki iā mākou i ʻehā mika ke kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻoulu maikaʻi ʻia, pua a hua mai nā hua. Ua hoʻonohonoho maikaʻi ma ke kikowaena waena o Rūsia. Ma muli o ka paʻakikī o ka hoʻoilo nui, ʻaʻole i loaʻa ka mea kanu i ka hoʻoilo ikaika o 1978/79.
ʻO ka mea maʻamau loa ma Europe a me Moscow scumpia 'Royal Purple'I kēiaʻano, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī. Hoʻokeʻo pinepine i ka pae o ka uhi o ka hoʻoilo, a i kekahi manawa a hiki i ke ʻā o ke aʻa. ʻOi ma nā ʻāina Pākīpika me ke anuanu haʻahaʻa ma mua o kā mākou, ua ulu nei i nā lāʻau me nā mea kanu ikaika makahiki mua o nā pua, e loaʻa ana i kahi ulu lāʻau ākea me ka nui o nā lau a hiki i hoʻokahi a me ka hapalua mika ke kiʻekiʻe. He kukui a ʻulaʻula, nā ʻulaʻula, i ka hāʻule i ke kala ʻulaʻula. Hoʻohana ʻia ia i nā mea kanu manuahi, ma ka uahi a me ka hoʻohuihui lāuhū. Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi wahi i pale ʻia me ka uhi hau kiʻekiʻe a me ke puʻu no ka hoʻoilo.
ʻO nā ʻano koena ʻē aʻe, a ma ka moʻomeheu i kahi o ke kenekulia, ka mea maʻamau ʻo 'Grace', 'Purpureus' a me 'Flame'. ^ E Ha yM. ʻAʻole ʻokoʻa ka laulaha a me ka hoʻoilo ʻana o ka hoʻoilo i nā ʻanoʻano nui, ʻokoʻa ka ʻokoʻa ʻana e ka ʻāpana o nā lau. ʻO ka mea mua he like me ke 'Royal Purple'. ʻO kona lauwelu keʻokeʻo-ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula palala ke hoʻololi i ka kala i ka hāʻule i ka momi kukui. Ma Lūkia, ʻaʻole i hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka ʻano like ʻole. ʻO ka lua, ʻo ka mea pōʻino, ʻaʻole i ʻike iki i kā mākou poʻe māla, ʻoiai ka mea maikaʻi loa ka mea kanu ma muli o nā ʻulaʻula māmā a me nā puka ʻalae ʻalaʻula, loaʻa iā ia kahi palena ʻulaʻula i ka wā o ka ʻohi. A ʻo ka hope loa, ke pākaha nei ke kolu a me kāna mau lau, kahi o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka wā e lilo ai i kukui ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula.
'ʻO Rubrifolius'. Hiki iā Shrub i ke kiʻekiʻe o 3-5 m ma nā ʻaoʻao hema o Rūsia. Ma nā kūlana o ka mokuahi ʻokoʻo Moscow ka liʻiliʻi. ʻO nā lau waiho i kahi kala plum-violet me kahi pale pale maikaʻi, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā wā'ōpiopio, e hoʻololi ana i ka wā laula i nā ʻulaʻula.
'Aloha'. He lāʻau lōʻihi ka nui (3-5 m) me nā lau a ʻulaʻula ulaula a ʻulaʻula loa e pili ana i 5 cm lōʻihi, e lilo i ʻulaʻula i ka hāʻule, a he nui (a hiki i 20 cm ka lōʻihi), conical, poni-pink florescences i ke kauwela.
ʻO 'Notcutt's Variety'. Pahu ke kahakai Shrub 3-4 mau pākuʻi me nā pīpī poni hoʻonaninani, hoʻomōhala nā pua pink-papale a me nā hua.
'Veltt Cloak'. ^ E Ha yM. ʻO nā lau o ka hakahaka liʻiliʻi (1-2 m) i ka saturated red-violet, aneane ʻeleʻele loa i kekahi mau wahi, a mālama mau i kēia kala a hiki i ka ngahū, akā i ka hope ua huli lākou i ʻulaʻula. ʻO ka pua pua he pink hue.
He nui nā ʻano ʻē aʻe a me kēia mau ʻano me kēia ʻano ʻulaʻula. Ua ʻokoʻa iki lākou i kēlā me kēia i ka kaha o ka waiho ʻana o nā lau a me nā pua, a me ka nui o ka lāʻau. Ke kumu: 'ʻulaʻulaʻulaʻula - a hiki i 5 m kiʻekiʻe a me nā lau ʻulaʻulaʻeleʻele; `Purpurea` - 7-8 m kiʻekiʻe me nā lau ʻulaʻula a me nā panicle, i uhi ʻia me nā hulu ʻulaʻula.
A me nā mea hou - ʻAno Kiʻi ') ʻo ka melemele keʻokeʻo māmā, a ʻoi aku ia. ʻO nā lau ʻōpio i kahi kohu ʻeleʻele kuhikuhina ma nā veins a ma ka ʻaoʻao. Ke kalepa nei, lilo lākou i ka melemele-ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma nā kala. Ke nānā nui nei ka mea kanu i ka hāʻule: ʻo ka mea mua, kahi ʻulaʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻulaʻula e kū mai ana ma nā kihi a me nā ʻao o nā lau, e hoʻoheheʻe iki i ka ʻaoʻao āpau a hele i nā wahi he nui a nui aʻe. Kūkulu ʻia ka lāʻau no ka mea ʻo nā loli a pau mai ke aniani a ʻulaʻula a me ka melemele i ka ulaula ka manuahi i ka manawa like. Me he mea lā e hoʻohālikelike koke kēia ʻano hoʻomālamalama i ka wili o Lūkia a lilo i lilo i mea nani o ko mākou mau māla.
© Magnus Manske
E kali ana no kāu mau ʻōlelo!
