Nā kihi ʻoluʻolu o ka ʻuhane

Makuahine Spirea (Spiraea) i loaʻa mai i ka ʻōlelo Helene kahiko "speira" - kahi kikoʻī, hoʻokahi lehelehe. He nani loa nā lālā a kulu nani i ka nui o nā ʻano, ʻo ia ke kumu no ka inoa Latin o ka ʻanoʻano. Akā mākou i ka inoa ponoʻī no ko mākou inoa no kēia kaho - meadowsweet (me ka hoʻomau i ke kūkulu hema ma ka syllable hope, a i ka ʻākau - i ka mea mua). ʻAʻole pololei kēia pololei, ʻoiai ke kuapoena o ka meadowsweet (Filipendula) nāhele, ʻoiai nā mea like me ka ʻenehana, akā, nā mea kanu mea kanu wale nō, aʻo nā ʻuhane āpau o nā mea kanu lāʻau o nā like ʻole.

ʻO ka wehewehe. I kekahi mau kumu (no ka laʻana, i ka paʻi "Flora of the USSR", 1934-1964) no ka huaʻōlelo Meadowsweet (Filipendula) ʻO ka inoa Lūkia wale nō ka inoa o ia ʻano - Labaznik, ka inoa o ka meadowsweet i hoʻohana ʻia no ka genus Spirea (Spiraea).

Hana Kaukini © Sp 이

Mai ka moʻolelo

Ua hala i ka mea kanu ma Lūkia. Ma ka pōpilikia "Sadko", ke kū nei ka moku o ka hero i waenakonu o ke kai, ua kī nā poʻe holo moku i ka "kīʻaha puaʻa". Ma kēia ala lākou e hōʻike ai e ʻo wai e hoʻolei i loko o ke kai i ʻālana i ke aliʻi o ke kai. Kuhi i ka hoʻomau o ka ʻatikala ma waena o nā kenekulia, hiki ke manaʻo ʻia i ka meadowsweet (spirea) i hoihoi i ka manaʻo o nā kūpuna a hiki i ka wā o ka hui ʻana o ka epik Sadko, ʻo ia hoʻi, ma mua o ka hoʻokomo ʻana o Novgorod i ka Moscow Grand Duchy a me ka luku ʻana o kona mau ʻeleʻāina (1478). ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole mākou i ʻike a, ʻaʻole paha, ʻaʻole loa e ʻike i ke kumu o kēlā mau wā lōʻihi, hana ʻia ka nui meadowsweet. Akā mai ka papakāka o V. I. Dahl ke maʻalahi i ka ʻike ma ka kenekulia 19 i ka meadowsweet i ke kālai kiʻi hana kūpono loa a ʻaʻole i hoʻohana i nā mea hoʻoliʻi. Hele kāna mau ʻōpio mānoanoa a ikaika i ka ramrod a me ka whip. Akā ʻo kēia mau ʻaoʻao a pau o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā puna wai i hala. Akā pili nui lākou i nā mea kanu lāʻau.

I ka makahiki XVI. hoʻomaka mua ka ulu ʻana i ka loeaestrife spirea (1586). Ma hope o 200 mau makahiki, ua puka ka medium a me ka oak-leaved i ka moʻomeheu. I ka hopena o XIX makahiki. Ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka Berezol spiraea i loko o ka moʻomeheu. ʻĀnō, ʻo ke kihi ʻākau o ka ulu ʻana o kēia mau ʻano, ʻo Kirovsk ma ka Semana Kola, aia lākou i ka hōʻiliʻili o ka Māla Botanical Polar-Alpine. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kekahi mau espiritu i ka māla ʻana me nā māla maʻamau, ʻo kekahi mau mea he sporadic wale nō. Akā ua aneane nā ʻano āpau, ma muli o ko lākou hopena hoʻōla, ka wā pua, ke kū ʻana o ka hau, ka pale ʻana a me ka maʻalahi o ka hana hou ʻana, pono ʻia ka nānā ʻana mai ka poʻe māla.

Spirea Thunberg © TANAKA Juuyoh

Loaʻa ka lopena i nā holoholona he 80-100, i hānai nui ʻia ma ka wao nahele, steppe a me nā ʻāina semi-efitra, subalpine zone o nā mauna o ka ʻIlo Hema.

Loaʻa pinepine nā lāʻau pohō i ka 2 m m i ke kiʻekiʻe. ʻAʻole like ke ʻano maoli o ke ʻano o ka mea pua, aia: pyramidal, uwē, hemispherical, erect, creeping, cascading, etc. Hoʻohālikelike nā ʻano ʻokoʻa a me ka waihoʻoluʻu o nā lau nani, nui ka hoʻololi i ko lākou kaila pale i ka lūlani i ke kala, ʻula a me ka poni-ʻulaʻula. ʻO kahi helu he nui o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole e koho me ka koho akamai e hoʻokō i kā lākou pua hoʻomau mai ka pūnāwai a i ka hopena o ka hopena. Hāʻawi ʻia ka Spirea no ka nui a me ka pua lōʻihi. ʻO ka liʻiliʻi o kā lākou pua, akā nui, hōʻiliʻili i nā ʻano kālā like ʻole: corymbose, paniculate, spike-like or pyramidal. He pua pua kekahi. ʻOkoʻa kekahi ka pena o nā pua - mai ke keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo a hiki i ka raspberry. Hoʻololi ʻia ka mea hiʻona o ka spirae ma o nā ʻano ʻokoʻa like ʻole o nā inflorescences ma luna o nā pua, akā nō hoʻi i ka manawa o ka pua. No laila, aia nā mea he nui nā inflorescences e hoʻopiha i ka pana holoʻokoʻa (spiraea acridifolia); ma nā inflorescences hou wale nō ma ka ʻaoʻao o luna o nā pua (waena o ka spirea waena; Bumald's spirea); i ke kolu - ma nā kihi o nā pua (volcanic spirea; Japanese spirea).

E like me ka manawa o ka pua, ua māhele ʻia lākou i ʻelua mau pūʻulu - pua wai a me ka pua o ke kauwela. I ka wā ma mua, hiki pinepine ka pua i nā pua i ka makahiki i hala a ua keʻokeʻo nā pua i ka waihoʻoluʻu; nā mākaʻi o ka lua o ka hui he mau ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula, pua a nā pua pua, a me ka pua e ulu ana i nā pua o ka makahiki i kēia manawa. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia kēia māhele i ka ʻenehana ʻoihana mahiʻai no ka mālama pono ʻana i ka spirea; hua ʻūleʻa ulu wale nā pua ma hope o ka ulu ʻana o ka pua, a pua i loko o ka lua o ke kauwela ʻo ia wale nō ma ka puna. Hoʻopau nā mea kanu o ka hui mua, akā ʻaʻole no ka lōʻihi; ma ka lua o ka pūʻulu, hoʻonui ʻia ka pua.

ʻAi ʻia ka ʻōhumu āpau i ka lepo, ka photophilous, ka ua hau ʻole, ka lehulehu a me ka uahi a me ke kīkē, kūleʻa i nā kūlana o ke kūlanakauhale. Hoʻomaka maʻa me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka lāʻau, ʻokiʻoki, hoʻomoe, ʻōpala a me nā huaʻala. Ke ulu wikiwiki nei lākou, e'ōwili ana i ke kolu o ka makahiki.

Spirea Douglas © Tom Brandt

ʻO nā koho o ka spirea

Ma waho o ka waiho ʻole ʻia, nani nā naʻau a pau i ka makahiki, a hiki i ka hoʻoilo ke nānā aku lākou nani - hoʻomaikaʻi i ka lei (pyramidal, uwē, hemispherical, ʻeu, nā mea kolo a like me ka cascade-like) a me ka pīkī lokomaikaʻi o nā lālā.

Akā, ke koho nei i kēia mea kanu no kāu māla, pono ʻoe e noʻonoʻo pono i ka manawa pua. ʻO ka meaʻoiaʻiʻo kona mau ʻano like ʻole mai Mei a hiki i Sepatemaba, a i kekahi manawa a hiki i ʻOkakopa. No laila, inā ʻoe e kanu i nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole o ka pīpī ma ka pūnaewele, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻonohonoho i kahi māla o ka pua hoʻomau.

Hoʻoulu ʻia ka pua wana pua ma ka hopena o Mei - i ka hoʻomaka mua o Iune. ʻAʻole lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ka pua o ka pua spirae (15-25 mau lā), akā no ka nui nā lālā a me nā lau ʻōpio ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia ma hope o nā pua. Mea hoʻonani loa i ka puna i nā kūʻē a ka spea, a me ka spiky, crabbed, ashy, slaliferous, oak-leaved, spirea wangutta, Kepani.

E pua nei ʻo Spirea o ka hui pua o ke kauwela i ka hopena o Iune a ka pua hoʻi no ka manawa - a mau a hiki i ʻekolu mau mahina, a i waena o lākou ʻaʻole wale ke keokeo, akā nā hua like me ka ʻulaʻula, lilac a me nā pua pua. Ma kahi o ka pau, hoʻonui hou nā mea hou. Aia i ka ʻano o ke kahahola, ʻo ke ʻano o ka sparkea i ke ʻano o ka nui a me nā conical a me nā panicle cylindrical. I waena o nā pua pua i ke kauwela - ʻo ka pilikino o Iapana me kāna mau ʻano like ʻole, bumald spirea, loosestrife, billard, douglas, keʻokeʻo pua-pua. Ua pua like ka pua o ka spiraea Kepani 'Sharobanna' i kahi papahana keʻokeʻo-ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula.

Akā nani wale ka pua laula. Nui Nui nā ʻano me nā lau manawaleʻa mua. ʻO nā macrophylla spiraea o Iapana he mau polū maikaʻi, me he mea lā e ʻūleʻa ana nā lau. I ka pūnāwai he poni a-ʻulaʻula ʻia, i ke kauwela kauwela, a i ka hāʻule - he melemele gula. Loaʻa i nā 'ōpala gula maikaʻi loa i ka' Gold's Gold Princesses a hiki i ka hāʻule. Loaʻa nā ʻano 'Goldmund' i nā lau gula. Akā ʻo ka poʻokela i mau mea like ʻole o ka 'Gold Fly', iā ia ke aniani. Akā ʻo ka 'Antonia Vaterrer' ma nā lau he melemele, ʻulaʻula a me ka ʻulaʻula. ʻO nā ʻano ʻokoʻa me nā kala ʻokoʻa ʻole o nā lau aia i ka ʻōpū o ka bumald. ʻO ke ʻano 'Crispa' kahi puʻupuʻu me nā lau lau lihi a me ka lau nui. ʻO ka Spirea vangutta 'Pink Ise' ʻokoʻa e hāʻawi i ka ʻono ʻulaʻula, i kekahi manawa ke ulu a ʻulaʻula ma nā hope. ʻO ka lōʻihi o ka wā, ua uhi ʻia nā lau me nā huaʻai.

Spirea Thunberg © TANAKA Juuyoh

Kūʻai a mālama mālama

Ke kau nei i ka wā kanu i ka spirae i ka manawa pua o nā ʻano. Hoʻoulu ʻia ka Spirea i ka pūnāwai i ka hoʻoilo. Ma mua o ka puna, e huki pono ka lāʻau a uhi ʻia i ke keʻokeʻo e ka puna. Hiki ke kanu ʻia i ke kauwela pua i ke kauwela a me ka hoʻoilo.

Ke kanu ʻana i nā kiʻi a pau, me ka wīwī o ka pua, ʻike ʻia ke kānāwai: kanu kanu - ma mua o ka pua ʻana o ka lau, ʻewalu - ma hope o ka pau o ka lau o ka lau.

Inā pū ka mea kanu hua kōnaehana - lawe mai i ka lepo a me nā ʻaoʻao o ka mea kanu i ka launa. ʻO ia, e hoʻokaʻawale i nā aʻa e ulu nui ana, a inā ua maloʻo a ua maloʻo hoʻi, e hoʻokaʻawale i nā lālā.

E hoʻolei i ka seedling me ka ʻōnaehana paʻa paʻa mai ka pahu pahu, ninini pono iā ia me ka wai, a inā pono (inā maloʻo ka ʻōpala) e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o kahi pāme wai, a ma hope wale o ka hāʻule ʻana o ia ma kahi i koho ʻia.

Inā he mau makahiki ma hope o ke kanu ʻana, ʻike ʻoe ua hoʻomaka nā lālā spiraea e hoʻomaloʻo a lilo i wīwī, a hoʻomaka e ulu iki nā inflorescences, ʻo kēia ke ʻano o ka ulu lāʻau a ke manawa kēia e hoʻonā hou ai iā ia. No ka hana i kēia, haʻahaʻa loa - "ma ka koʻokoʻo" - ʻoki i nā lālā. Ma hope o kēlā me kēia ʻano hana hoʻokō, ka lilo o kou ʻuhane i mea nani loa.

He fotopopi ʻo Spirea. Kūpono ka wahi maikaʻi no lākou. Akā hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomanawanui iki i ka pale o ka ʻāpana, akā, ʻaʻole e like ka nui o ka pua me ka nui. Ua kūpono hoʻi ka ʻāina no kekahi, ʻaʻole hoʻi momona loa.

ʻAʻole pono ka hapanui o nā māhu i ka wai pinepine - he kikoʻīu koʻikoʻi no nā māla Lāpule. Akā aia nā mea i koe: ua manaʻo nui ka ʻōpū ʻana i ka mea i ulu maikaʻi i nā wahi wai.

Japanese Spirea © TANAKA Juuyoh

Leʻaleʻa

ʻO ka pīpī e nā hua i kanu maikaʻi ʻia i ka pūnāwai. Hoʻopili i ka lepo: sheet land a well-ventilated peat. Kueola i nā pahu ma kahi pā i hoʻomaʻemaʻe mua ʻia. A laila e hoʻopōʻulu ʻia nā mea kanu me kahi papa ʻeleʻele o ka mana a i ʻole ka honua. E hele mai nā pana i nā lā 8-10, pū pū. Ke pale i nā maʻi maʻi, ma hope o ka hiki ʻana mai o nā pua, mālama ʻia lākou me ka potassium permanganate a i ʻole foundationazole (20 g no 10 l) ma ka wikiwiki o 10 l o ka hopena o kēlā me kēia 3 sq. M. Aloha ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma ka puna wai, hoʻopau lākou i ka aʻa a maikaʻi, ulu koke a pua a 2 mau makahiki i 3 mau makahiki.

ʻO ka hapanui o nā spireas ka ʻokiʻoki a i ʻole nā semi-lignified i ka hopena o ka ulu pana ʻana. ʻO Spirea o ka wā pua o ka pūnāwai (spiky, Van Gutta) i ʻoki ʻia mai ka hapalua mua o Iune, ka lau o ka ulu ʻana (Bumalda, Iapana) - mai ka lua o ka mahina o Iune - i Iulai. Kūkulu maikaʻi loa: 1 ʻāpana palapala pulupulu holoi holoi a me 1 ʻāpana peat. He mea makemake no ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi maikaʻi maikaʻi o ka haʻahaʻa o ka ea kiʻekiʻe (wai hiʻona a i ʻole ka wai i 4-5 mau manawa i ka lā). Hoʻopili nā mea kanu i waho i ka pūnāwai

Hoʻohana

ʻO ka Spirea nā mea nani a ʻokoʻa i ka ʻano a me ke kala o nā pua, ka nui a me ke ʻano o ka lāʻau, ke ʻano a me ka waihoʻoluʻu inflorescences. Eia kekahi, e'ōwau lākou i nā manawa like ʻole, no laila hiki ke hana ʻia kahi hoʻolālā māla nani i nā lāʻau lāʻau o kēia ʻano, ʻo ka ʻike a me ke koho pono ʻana i nā ʻano ʻano e like me kēia mau ʻano. Mahalo i ia ʻike, hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i kahi māla o ka pua hoʻomau, a mai Mei a Kepakemapa ʻoi aku nā pua pua nani, e ʻoliʻoli ʻia nā pua keʻokeʻo e hoʻololi ʻia e ka pink a me ka raspberry. Hoʻomaka ka pua ʻana me ka spiky spiky, hina a me ka medium ma ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Mei a hoʻopau me ka neʻe ʻana i ka naʻau, e pua a hiki i ka mahina o Kepakemapa.

Pink Spirea © jo11anne

Ma muli o nā ʻano like a me ka nui o nā lāʻau ulu, hiki iā lākou ke loaʻa i ka noi ʻana i nā ʻano mea kanu. No laila, i ka ʻāina palena, spiky marani-ʻoka, Wangutta, medium, grey, keʻokeʻo, Douglas he unreplaceable. ʻO kēia nā kiko spiresas, pinepine me kahi ʻano lāʻau maikaʻi loa ma muli o nā pua pana.

I nā hui, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i nā ʻano āpau o ka spire. I ia mau pilikia, ua kanu ʻia nā kope o ia mau ʻano like ʻole a i ʻole like ʻole i like me nā ʻano like ʻole.

Hoʻohana ʻia nā ʻāpana he nui kiʻekiʻe no ka kanu lāʻau lāʻau a puni nā lāʻau a i ʻole nā mea kiʻekiʻe. Nani ka nani o nā ʻano ʻulaʻula a i ʻole nā ʻano like ʻole o nā spirees e hoʻolaʻa i nā ʻōpala lau-kumulāne o nā kumulāʻau me nā mea kanu.

No nā palena haʻahaʻa, kūpono nā mea like e like me ka birch leaf spirea, haʻahaʻa, Bumalda, Iapani, pua-keʻokeʻo, ʻilihua manuahi. Hiki i ke ʻano ʻano like like ke hana i nā pili pōhaku, i kanu ʻia ma kahi puʻu. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Dwarf spirea ma keʻano he lula. Ma muli o ka nui o ka hoʻokumu o ka hua o ke aʻa, puka nā pale pale kiʻi.

Ma nā pā o ke kiʻekiʻe ʻoi aku ka palena, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia nā mea kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe: ka ʻōpū keʻokeʻo, Douglas, loosestrife, Billiards.

ʻO nā mākeke āpau he mau lāʻau melliferous maikaʻi. No laila, i nā wahi i hōʻiliʻili ai nā ʻano o nā ʻano ʻano like ʻole, hiki ke mālama ʻia nā hives.

Hiki ke hoʻohana i nā ʻano āpau o ke koʻo i ka ʻokiʻoki i loko o nā pua a hoʻonohonoho paha i nā pua o nā pua ʻē aʻe.

Loaʻa i ka Spirea ka hana phytoncide kiʻekiʻe, e hoʻonui ana i kāna kūlana sanitary-hygienic i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke kaiapuni.

Nā ʻano a me nā ʻano

Spirea loosestrife (Spiraea salicifolia). Hoʻopau ia mai ka mahina waena o Iune a Kepakemapa. ʻO nā pua mai ka pink a i keʻokeʻo, i hōʻiliʻili ʻia i ka inflorescences panram pyramidal. Ke kiʻekiʻe 0.2 m.

Spikea dentate a hoʻopaʻapaʻa paha (Spiraea x. Arguta). ʻO kahi hapa mua (Mei-Iune) a nui ka pua. A i ka wā e nalowale ia, e hoʻonani ia i ka māla me nā lau lauaka makamae. Ke kiʻekiʻe - 1.5-2.0 m.

ʻO Kāleka Kūkākūkā Spirea Japanese (Spiraea japonica 'Golden Princess'). Hoʻoulu maikaʻi nā lūlū lōʻihi lōʻihi me nā lau maikaʻi. Pono ia i kahi lā pīkī, no ka mea i loko o ka malu i ka melemele o kona mau lau e hoʻololi i ka'ōmaʻomaʻo. Ke kiʻekiʻe - 0.5-0.6 m.

Spiraea ʻoak-leaved (Spiraea chamaediyfolia). Ua ulu a ulu ia mai ka makahiki 18. ʻOiai ka ulu ʻole ʻana o nā mea kanu i ko mākou ʻāina, ua ʻike ʻia ma nā wahi a pau: mai ke kanu ʻana i nā māla a me nā pahu i nā māla kūʻai i mua. Hōʻike kūlike a me ka hau. Ke kiʻekiʻe - a hiki i ka 2 m.

Spirea Wangutta (Spiraea x. Vanhouttei). ʻO kekahi hui nani a pua nani loa. ʻO ke ʻano o kona lau ʻōpala - hina-ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Ka - ka mea hoʻokahi wale nō o ka wairua i hoʻoneʻe i nā ʻeleʻele. Hiki ke kiʻekiʻe 2-2.5 m.

Japanese Spirea 'Albiflora' (Spiraea japonica 'Albiflora'). Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēia ʻano i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo he pua ia mai Iulai a Kepakemapa me nā pua keʻokeʻo, ʻoiai ʻo ia hoʻi nā pua āpau-pua pua a he mau pua pua a ʻulaʻula. Hoʻohe wale nō, 0.5-0.8 m.

Spirea bumalda ʻO 'Crispa' (Spiraea x bumalda 'Crispa'). Hoʻokoʻa nā mea ʻē aʻe mai nā mea ʻē aʻe ma nā pua nani, hāwī a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ma ke kuʻina, ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo, a hoʻi i ka wā i nahu ʻia ai, maroon. ʻO kaʻeleʻeleʻeleʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele, i hōʻiliʻili i ka corymbose inflorescences. Ke kiʻekiʻe - a hiki i ka 0.5 m.