ʻO nā māla he māla lōʻihi lōʻihi e koi nei i ka mālama hōʻoki ʻana mai ka māla mahiʻai. He paʻakikī ke kīhāpai o nā hua waina i loko o ke kauwela kauwela, no ka mea i kahi wahi liʻiliʻi ʻaʻole maʻalahi ia e hoʻokaʻawale i kahi nui o ke kumu waina, e hoʻolako i nā wana me ka māmā a me ka wela.
Ke koho nei i nā ʻano hua waina no kahi hoʻolālā pilikino, pono nō e hele mai kahi kime climatic a me ka mea nui loa, mai nā ʻano ʻano ola o ka mea kanu.
- Makemake nā hua waina i ka ulu ma ka lā palaka a ʻaʻole hiki ke kū i ka ʻōlapa mau. Ke kanu i loko o kahi hale ʻaina kauwela, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā lāʻau e nānā i kahi ma ka ʻaoʻao hema a hāʻawi i nā mea kanu i ka pale mai ka makani.
- No ka hapa nui, ʻo nā hua waina he thermophilic a hiki ke hōʻeha i ka wā hoʻoilo a i ʻole he mau makahiki.
- Pono ka ʻāpala i ka mālama kūpono mai nā maʻi a me nā pōʻino e hōʻeha nei i ka hōʻeha ʻana i ka hua.
- He mea nui e koho i kahi kue no nā hua waina me ka lepo kūpono no ka ulu, ke kahawai a me ka mahana.
Inā mālama ka māla hale i nā kūlana kūpono no nā lāʻau i kanu ʻia, a laila hiki iā ʻoe ke manaʻo i kahi hua kiʻekiʻe a kiʻekiʻe.
Akā ʻo nā hua waina i koho ʻia no ke kanu ʻana he mea paʻakikī loa, hua me ka maʻalahi.
Paika Isabella
ʻO kekahi o nā ʻano pākahi kahiko a kūlana ʻole, ua hoʻi i ka makahiki 18 i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ua ulu maikaʻi nā hua ʻili ʻo Isabella a hua i nā wahi he nui me nā kūlana climatic a me ka lepo. ʻO ka awelika o 130 a 150 lā mau lā e hoʻomaka ana i ka wehe ʻana o nā pua i ka ʻūhā ʻana o nā hua ʻala polū polū. Aia kēia ʻano hua waina i ka papaʻaina-ʻenehana, ʻoluʻolu i ka hoʻoilo i ka hoʻoilo a hiki ke ulu ulu ʻole i nā wahi ʻē aʻe, kūmau i ka nui o nā maʻi a me nā phylloxera. Ma muli o kona kūlana koʻikoʻi, hoʻohana pinepine ʻo Isabella i ka ʻāina.
Wahi a ka ho'ākāka a me ke kiʻi, hōʻike kēia ʻano ʻāpala i loko o kahi kauwela kauwela e hōʻike i kahi ulu kiʻekiʻe. I mea e hōʻole ʻole i ka nui o ka lāʻau o nā lāʻau, e hoʻolaha ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi ʻōpala a hoʻomoe i ka wā e ulu ai nā ʻōpala a me ka hōʻiliʻili o nā honi e nā huaʻai, ua kau ʻia ke kumulāʻau i ka mālama o ke kauwela.
I nā kauwela kauwela, e hoʻohālikelike ana nā hua pua ʻo Isabella i nā ʻōpala māiʻu cylindrical ma ke aniani mai ka 140 a 200 i ka 200 o ka ʻōpala a me ke ʻano o nā hua ʻono a me nā ʻono ʻulaʻula i uhi ʻia me ka hoʻopuni waʻala ʻehā.
Nā hua waina Amur
Ua ulu nā hua waina Amur i nā kime o ke kauwela he nui i ka hapa e like me Isabella. ʻO nā ʻano moʻomeheu o kēia mea kanu hiki ʻole iā ia, loaʻa ma ka ʻāpana ʻākau, loaʻa i ke kāla ʻana o kahi mea kanu ulu lāʻau ʻoʻolelika e ulu i kā lākou wahi ma waena o Rūsia.
Mai kahi kūpuna kūpuna, ʻo nā hua waina ʻo ʻAura, e like me ka wehewehe a me ke kiʻi, i lawe aku i ka kūlohelohe, ua ʻūhū ʻia ke kumu waina i ka -40 ° C, ke kiʻekiʻe a me ka helu o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā pua hou.
Hiki i nā olonā makua o kēia mea kanu ke piʻi i kahi kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 30 mika me ka ʻole o ka palena o ka ulu. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka ulu makahiki ma mua o 2 mau mika, a ikaika loa ka ʻāpana nui o ka huaʻala o ke ʻano he hiki i ka diameter o 15-20 cm. ʻO ka pua o kēia ʻano hua lāʻau i hoʻomaka i ka hoʻomaka o Mei. ʻO nā pua, e like me nā ʻano like ʻole o kēia ʻano ʻano, ʻaʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia he nani, akā ʻo ka ʻala ʻala i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia mai loko mai o nā brushes he mea nui i nā pepona.
Hoʻopili nā mea kanu i ka malama o Kepakemapa, i kekahi manawa ke lōʻihi ana o 25 cm a kaupaona he 250 mau huina. I ka awelika, ʻo ke kaupaona ʻana he koʻikoʻi ma kahi o 70 mau grika a nona ke aniani o ka hua a me nā ʻōuli polūʻeleʻele a ʻulaʻula. He ʻono nā ka like o nā hua, a ʻono paha ka ʻono, ma muli o ka ulu a me ke ʻano o ka wā, kaona, ka ʻoluʻolu. Ua uhi ʻia nā huaʻai i ka pehu kūleʻa a hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia i ka hou a me ka ʻāpana o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka ʻaʻai.
E like me ka ʻike ma ke kiʻi a me kā lākou wehewehe ʻana i nā ʻano like ʻokoʻa, ʻike ʻia nā hua ʻakaʻā Amur e nā lau nui, he mau ʻeleʻele ʻōmaʻomaʻo ia o ke kauwela, a loaʻa iā ia ka poni, poni, ʻoniʻoni a me nā kala melemele e ka hāʻule. ʻO kēia waiwai o kēia ʻano ʻāpala ke kumu nui i ka wā kanu o kahi ʻāina a me ka hale ʻāina.
ʻO nā hua waina Kesha: nā wehewehe kikoʻī a me ke kiʻi
Mai nā hua waina Kesha i kanu ʻia i loko o kahi keʻena kauwela, pono e kali ʻia nā hua mua 120-130 mau lā ma hope o ka hāmama ʻana o nā pua. ʻO nā ʻano ʻano ʻoliina ikaika me nā wana e ulu a hiki i nā moʻo ʻana me nā haʻahaʻa ma lalo o -23 ° С. Hoʻopau maikaʻi nā wana puaʻa, ua hoʻonui ka lāʻau i ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi ʻeha me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe e kumu i nā fungi. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēia ʻano hua waina me kona komo mua ʻana i ka wā hua, hoʻohua nui a me nā ʻono o nā hua waina.
E like me ka ʻike ma ke ʻano a me ke kiʻi o nā hua ʻala Kesha, ʻo ka mea e hāʻawi ai i nā pala cylindroconical brushes o ke aniani ka momona, e kaupaona ana mai ka 500 a 900 kāmela. ʻO nā hua nui oval, i uhi ʻia me ka peka nāpaʻa, he kukui gula a i ʻole ke keʻokeʻo a ʻulaʻula me kahi pua pink, kahi lōʻihi a hiki i 3.2 cm a me ke kaupaona e pili ana i 12 mau grama. ʻO ka ʻono o nā hua o kēia ʻano waina, he ʻoluʻolu, maluhia, haʻo ka hana.
Ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana i ka hua waina, hiki ke mālama ʻia a hoʻopili ʻia nā hua pua o Kesha.
Hoʻomaʻa maikaʻi nā hua waina Vostorg: ka wehewehe kikoʻī a me nā kiʻi
Hoʻomoe ʻia ka pīhoihoi ʻana i ka lā 110-120 mau lā ma hope o ke ʻano o nā ʻōpio ʻōpiopio i ka kiʻi a me nā wehewehe o nā ʻano hua lāʻau no ke keʻa kauwela. ʻO kēia ʻano ulu mua he ikaika hoʻoikaika kūleʻa, ʻae maikaʻi i ka hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo, a hiki i -25 ° C, a me nā huahana kiʻekiʻe. Mamuli o nā kūlana o ka wā a me ka māhele o ka mahiʻai, pono ka lāʻau waina i nā lāʻau lapaʻau mai ka oidium a me ka pala. ʻIke pinepine nā mea pana i ka hoʻoilo, hiki ke loaʻa i nā hopena maikaʻi loa i ke kauwela kauwela ma ka kanu ʻana i nā hua waina ʻo Rapture me ka ʻole o ka pale, no ka laʻana, i nā palapala ʻao.
He pane maikaʻi ka moʻomeheu i ka hoʻohāinu a me ke kapa o luna, ʻo ka hāʻawi ʻana i nā mea nui i kaupaona ʻia mai 550 a 2000 mau grama. ʻO nā shrubs me ka nui o ka lāʻau a pau i nā mea kanu maikaʻi loa. Wahi a ke kiʻi a me ka wehewehe ʻana ma luna o nā hua waina ʻo Rapture, ua piha nā hua oval o ka oval, ʻo ka lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o 2.7 cm a me ke kaupaona a ehiku mau grama. ʻO ka keʻokeʻo o nā hua pā i keʻokeʻo a i ʻole he gula ʻulaʻula, he kino ka ʻawa o kēia ʻano hua waina, ʻono me nā manaʻo ʻono.
Kūpono nā ʻōpiopio piha me ka ʻole o ka maikaʻi o ka maikaʻi ke kū a hiki i hoʻokahi mahina a me ka hapa ma nā lāʻau. Mālama maikaʻi ʻia ka hua.
Hoʻomaʻo nā ʻili ʻo Anyuta: ka wehewehe like a me nā kiʻi
ʻO V.N Krainov ka mea nona ka nui o nā ʻano hua waina a me nā kumu hoʻohālina kiʻekiʻe i ʻike ʻia i waena o ka poʻe aloha o ka viticulture. E like me ka wehewehe a me ke kiʻi o nā hua waina o Anyuta, pono kēia ʻano koho iā Krainov i ka nānā ʻia o nā māla me nā mea noho o ke kauwela. Hōʻalo ʻia nā hua ʻai maikaʻi mai nā kumu waina maikaʻi ma ka hapa ʻelua o Kepakemapa, ʻoiai he mea pono ke kūleʻa ʻana no ka pua a me ka ovary no kēia ʻano waina, inā ʻaʻole ma muli o ke kau ʻana o nā ʻōpala he mau ke kino, a ʻoi kā liʻiliʻi ka ʻalaʻala a liʻiliʻi hoʻi ka momona.
Me ka pale kaua kiʻekiʻe i nā maʻi, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana i nā lāʻau no ka hoʻoilo, no ka mea, ʻaʻole i lawa ka ua ʻia o ka ʻōpala ʻo Russia.
Kūleʻa nā kuila o nā huina o kēia ʻano he 700-1200 kākā. ʻO nā hua waika he nui, nui loa, a hiki i ka 14 paona ke paona. Loaʻa i nā hua o nā anyele a me nā kala ʻulaʻula nani, pohō, akā ʻaʻole ka huhū, ka ʻili, ʻono ʻono a me ka ʻono muscat hanohano.
Hoʻohui ʻo Victor
Ka hua waina ʻāpono o Victor ʻōpio i ka wā mua, e pili pū ana i nā mea i hoʻohua ʻia ʻo V. Krainov, e hāʻawi i nā ʻōpala i ka wā mua o ʻAukake. Hāʻawi i ke kumuwaina o kēia ʻano waina i kahi ulu ikaika, ʻoki maikaʻi nā wana i ka manawa o ka manawa, akā ma muli o ke kū ʻole o ke kūwili e koi ai nā kumu lāʻau i kahi hoʻomaha no ka hoʻoilo.
Hāʻawi kēia mau hua waina i nā lehele piha piha i ka cylindrical, ka nui o kēlā me ke aniani mai ka 500 a 1000 mauʻu. Kahi ka uku o nā lima, nā paona ke kaupaʻa ʻia mai 9 a 14 mau grika, elongated me kahi kī kuhikuhi a me ka waihoʻoluʻu ʻulaʻula. ʻO nā hua o kēia ʻano, he mea hoihoi no ka poʻe noho o ke kauwela, he ʻono kūlike a me nā ʻiʻo momona.
Hoʻomaka iā Moldova
Ke kū'ē nei i ka phylloxera, hina ka hina a me ka ʻāhinahina nā ʻano like ʻole o ka wā e pono ai. Kuhi ʻia nā palū mai nā kumu lāʻau o kēia hua waina, e hoʻomaka ana i ka waena o Kepakemapa, a ma kekahi mau wahi i ka wā o ka lūlū o ka wā. Hōʻike ʻia ka Moldova e ka pale kūwaho me ka hau, ʻo ka maka mua o ka hua a me ka nui o ka ulu ʻana o nā lāʻau, kahi e hoʻopilikia ai i ka ʻala o ka ʻono a me kona nui.
ʻO ka mea i ʻike ʻia i ke kiʻi a mai ka wehewehe mai o kēia ʻano ʻano ʻai no kahi hale kauwela o ke kauwela, hāʻawi ʻo Moldova i ka medium conical conical a i ʻole cylindrical conical brushes ke kaupaona ana mai ka 300 a 500 gram. I kekahi mau hihia, hiki ke loaʻa nā clusters o ka paona kilogram. E like me nā hua waina ʻehā ʻē aʻe, he hua poha nā hua o Moldova he ʻalani poni ʻoniuli a uhi ʻia i nā palahala ʻoiʻula. ʻO nā hua hua ival, nui loa me kahi ʻano crispy, ʻiʻo.
ʻO ka mākia o Moldova ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana no ka lōʻihi lōʻihi e mālama i ka maikaʻi o ke kālepa, lawe ʻia a mālama ʻia.
Hoʻopau i nā Augustine
I ka waena o ʻAukake, ʻōpala nā hua pua o Augustine, kahi pālahalaha kīʻaha kiʻekiʻe e hoʻohālikelike ana i ka 60 kg o nā hua momona mai kahi ulu i hiki i nā makahiki ʻino. Hōʻike ʻia ka like me ka nui o ka piʻipiʻi a me ke kū'ē i nā ʻike ʻike o kēia moʻomeheu.
Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻalolekona e ka mana ulu kiʻekiʻe, hiki iā ia ke hoʻohana i ka lāʻau o Augustine no nā māla ʻāina. Me ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka nui o nā ovaries, e pono ai ke hoʻololi ʻana i nā lima a me nā ulu.
Ma kēia ʻano ulu waina no ka hale ʻaina o ke kauwela, e like me ke kiʻi a me ka wehewehe ʻana, conical, ma ke kaupaona ʻana he 500 mauʻu o nā ʻōpala i ʻala. Kahi loa ka nui o nā pala, a me nā ʻenehana e hoʻoili iā lākou i ka ʻula e hōʻailona ʻia me kahi ʻono ōlaʻi, nā hue gula a me ke kaupaona a hiki i 5 gr. Hiki ke mālama ʻia kahi hua ʻai a hiki i 2-3 mau pule ma ke kumu waina. Hoʻokomo pinepine ʻia nā wasps i ka hōʻeha o ka lima, hakakā nā peeling a ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia.
Hoʻōla iā Kishmish
I kēia mau lā he nui o nā hua waina e leʻaleʻa ana i ka māla me nā hua wai hua. Kēia lihilihi nā brushes i nā keiki a me nā pākeke. I nā kauwela kauwela a hiki i nā kula, ʻo Kishmish ka huina No. 342, e hoʻopau ana i loko o 110-115 mau lā mai ka wehe ʻana o nā keiki, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ke koena.
E hōʻike ana ka pua o kēia ʻano me ka nui o ka mana kiʻekiʻe, ke ola nei me nā mahana a hiki i -26 ° C a me kēlā me kēia makahiki me ka nui o nā hōʻiliʻili. ʻO ka paona cluster kiʻekiʻe he 500 kalama, akā ma nā pālahele hua uwi ʻo Kishmish No. 342, me kahi lako o nā māla make o nā makahiki, he kaumaha a koʻikoʻi hoʻi ka lūlū. Pono ka huaʻala, momona a me ka ʻiʻo, me ka aneane ʻaʻohe seed primordia, a me ka diameter o ka 1.7 cm ka nui a me ka paona a hiki i 5 gram.
Nā hua waina Nadezhda AZOS: wehewehe wehewehe a me nā kiʻi
Ma nā lāʻau ikaika o nā ʻano Nadezhda AZOS, ua like ka hua o ka hua ma nā makahiki he ʻelua o ʻAukake. Kūpaʻa ka ʻano ʻāpala i nā maʻi a me nā fungal. ʻO ka mea kaumaha, ʻo ka hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo o kēia ʻano ka ʻokoʻa, no laila ke ulu nei ʻoe ma kahi hale ʻaina kauwela, ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hana me ka pale ʻole.
Loaʻa i nā mea kīkī o ka friability a me kahi ʻano conical a kaupaona 400-600 kākā. Hoʻomaopopo ʻia nā hua elongated a i ʻole o ka Hope AZOS no kā lākou momona momona, ke kāula pulupulu a me kahi mea hoʻonaninani maʻalahi akā ʻoluʻolu loa. I waena o nā pono kūpono o ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka transportability maikaʻi loa o nā brushes a me ka hiki ke mālama ʻia no nā manawa lōʻihi ma hope o ka neʻe ʻana mai i ke kumuwaina.
Hoʻomaʻo nā ʻōpala ʻo Nadezhda AZOS, e like me ka wehewehe a me ke kiʻi, ua loaʻa ka marketability maikaʻi a hōʻike i ka kiʻekiʻe o nā hua like.
Nā hua waina Aleshenkin: ka wehewehe o ke ʻano a me ke kiʻi
Mai ke kumu kumuwaina ʻo Aleshenkin ma ka palaka hiki iā ʻoe ke piʻi i 10 kg o nā huaʻai. ʻO ke ʻano nui o ka wā ʻōpala a ʻaʻole iʻoi aku ma mua o 110-120 lā.
Hōʻike ʻia ka ʻano lāʻau ʻalani e ka ulu ikaika, pono i ka ʻala ʻana i nā ʻōpio ʻōpio a me nā ʻō ʻana maikaʻi ma ka wā o ʻokiʻoki. ʻOiai i nā makahiki ua me nā manawa hōʻoluʻolu, e hāʻawi i nā mea kanu i kahi nui. ʻO ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana ma o ka wehewehe a me ke kiʻi, pono nā māla o Aleshenkin e hoʻomaʻemaʻe i nā wana a me nā brushes i mea e wikiwiki ai ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana a hoʻomaikaʻi i kona ʻano.
ʻO nā ʻano Aleshenkin no ke alanui waena ʻaʻole i kūʻē i nā maʻi e hoʻohemo ʻia e ka ʻōpū. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa maikaʻi nā kumukūʻai i ka hoʻoilo a me ka hau kō.
Lawe mai ka pehu hua i nā pala. ʻO ka paona awelika o ka paio he 500 gram, akā ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi o ka wā a me ke anuʻi mālama pono a hiki i kahi paona o 2000 gram. Hāʻawiʻo Aleshenkin i nā huaʻai medium, ke kaupaona nei e pili ana i 4 grama. ʻO ke kala o nā ʻōpū a me nā oval hua. Loaʻa i nā hua waina kahi leʻaleʻa maikaʻi a me kahi palapala maikaʻi.
