ʻO Gladiolus kekahi o nā pua pua kupaianaha kupaianaha, a pāpālua ia i ka wā e maloʻo ai nā mea kanu, ʻaʻole pihala nā ʻōpala, a popo ka corm. I mea e pale aku ai i kēia, pono ʻoe e ʻike i nā maʻi o ka gladioli a me ko lākou mālama ʻana, a me nā kiʻi a me nā wehewehe o nā pilikia maʻamau e kōkua i ka hoʻokō ʻana iā lākou i ka manawa.
ʻO ka hapanui pinepine, ʻo ka mea ulu pua i mua i nā maʻi i hoʻoiho ʻia e nā maʻi, nā ʻeha maikaʻi a me nā maʻi āpau. Hoʻopilikia kekahi pōpilikia i nā hua kīwī pū kekahi i nā pilikia.
ʻO nā maʻi maʻi o ka gladioli a me kā lākou mālama
Mālama ʻia nā huaʻai i hoʻoiho ʻia i ka lepo, e lawe ʻia ana kā lākou mau uka e ka makani a me nā hāʻule o ka wai, a ʻo ka hōʻino ʻia mai ka maʻi gladiolus e ʻike ʻia i nā wahi a pau o ka mea kanu.
ʻO kekahi pilikia nui a me ka hōʻino maʻamau ʻo ia ka fusarium a maloʻo wale paha. E like me ka ʻike ma ke kiʻi, me ka ʻole o ka mālama ʻia, alakaʻi ka maʻi gladiolus i ka hōʻike i nā palahala o nā pona brownish-red concave putrefactive. Inā kanu ʻia kahi mea kanu, me ka liʻiliʻi o ka maʻi o ka maʻi, e huli nā lau i ʻāpana a maloʻo. A ʻo kahi hōʻailona kūpono kēia o ka pala a me ka make o ka ʻōnaehana.
Kūlike i ka papa hana a me ka manawa o ka lesion me ka fusarium, make a gladiolus ma mua o ka pua ʻana a i ʻole hana hou i kahi inflorescence. Akā inā waiho ʻia ka uahi i ka maʻi Fusarium, waiho ʻia nā kīpihi o ka pūpū, hāʻule i luna o ka lāʻau kanu kanu.
No laila, he mea nui loa e koho pono i nā pōpō no ka waiho. Eia nō naʻe, ʻo ka hoʻolaha ʻana o ka pala maloʻo e hāʻawi wale ʻaʻole i ka nānā ʻana o ka mea kanu, akā ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mea kanu e like me ka manure hou a i ʻole ka maikaʻi o ka humus. Inā ʻike ʻia nā ʻōpala me nā hōʻailona o ka fusarium i ka hāʻule, ʻaʻole pono ke kumu no nā makahiki 3-4 no ka ulu ʻana i kēia ulu pua.
ʻO kekahi maʻi hou gladiolus, ʻo ka hana a me ka pale ʻana o ka mea e pono ai ka nānā nui, ka hina, brown brown a botrythiosis paha. ʻO ka pālahalaha ʻana o ke kumu kumu o ka maʻi e hāʻawi i ka maloʻo maloʻo, mākele, i ka wā e pā mai nā pua o ka ʻōpū me ka makani a me ka ua mai ka lepo a me nā mea kanu i nā mea ola.
I nā pule hebedoma, ʻike ʻia nā wahi ʻulaʻula ulaula i nā lau o ka pua gladioli. Hoʻopilikia ka maʻi maʻi i nā pua i neʻe koke i ko lākou ʻano a me ka decorativeness. Inā ʻaʻole e pau ka ua, hāʻule ke kumu, kahi e hele ai ka pala i nā corms. Ke ʻeli nei, ʻike ʻia ka palupalu o lalo o ka pūpū i palupalu a i ʻole pae.
I ke kiʻi e hōʻike ana i nā maʻi gladiolus, he ʻōmole ʻaʻole pono e mālama ʻia me ka palu o ka kuhi. He mea nui e luku i nā mea kanu i hoʻopau ʻia e ka hōʻiliʻili mua ʻana i nā keiki me nā hōʻailona ʻole o nā maʻi mai nā pūpū.
ʻO Sclerotiniosis ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo ka ʻeleʻele uliuli, he ʻoi loa nā ʻeleʻele me ka lepo a hoʻomoʻi ʻia a pālahalulu me ka ua anu. I ka wā mua, ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi ma nā lau brown, a laila hoʻomalulu ʻia a hāʻule hoʻi ka lāʻau pala. ʻIke ʻia nā ʻōlepē ʻeleʻele i nā mea ʻalopona me nā ʻili. Ka uhi ʻana i ka corm, ua kupu kona aʻa keʻokeʻo, ʻūnū, a pala.
Ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka pulima gladiolus ʻo ia iho, he maʻi ka maʻi, e like me nā maʻi āpau, ʻaʻole ia i maʻalahi iā ia e ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā māla a i ʻole nā kala ʻulaʻula e ulu ana a puni ka wāwā.
A ke hopena, ua make ka mea maʻi me ka mea kanu kanu sclerotinia, a hele ke hala i ka maʻi i nā corms kaikamahine nā hopena. No laila, ua hoʻopau loa i nā mea maʻi nā maʻi, e komo pū me nā keiki.
Ua like ʻo Septoria ma ka helehelena e like me nā maʻi fungal o ka gladioli, e like me ke kiʻi, ʻoiai ʻaʻohe mālama ʻia, koe wale nō ka pale ʻana a me ka luku piha ʻana i nā pōʻino i hoʻopau ʻia a me nā hua manu i loaʻa ai i nā hua a me nā lau.
ʻO nā maʻi maʻi pālākiō o nā pōkole gladiolus, ko lākou mālama ʻana a me ke kiʻi
ʻO nā maʻi o ke ʻano maʻi bakteria ka mālama ʻana i ke kano aʻa, scab a me nā pilikia o nā pilikia ʻē aʻe, nā hōʻailona hiki ke ʻike pinepine ʻia i nā puna o gladioli. Hoʻokomo ke kino huipili i ka mea kanu mai ka lepo. Me ka scab, kahi lākou i hoʻokumu ai i kahi ʻano o ka hopena o ke kahe o nā ʻōpala, a mai kahi ʻike aerial, ʻike ʻole ʻia nā ʻike o kēia maʻi. Ma kahi kokoke i ka lepo ke ʻike i nā ʻōpū a i ʻole nā ʻulaʻula hoʻi, me ka ʻole o ka lawe ʻana i nā hana agrotechnical, ulu a hoʻonāwī i nā waihona o ke kumu.
ʻO nā hōʻailona o kahi maʻi gladiolus untreated, like me ke kiʻi, ʻike maopopo ʻia i ka wā e ʻohi ʻia ai nā ʻōpala a hoʻomoʻa.
Kuhi ʻia hoʻi ke kano ʻoi a me nā pōpoki i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ke ʻano he wai piha i ka hoʻohuihui-melemele e hiki maʻalahi ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka ʻōpū ma lalo. ʻO ke kumu o ka maʻi ka hana o nā maʻi e hoʻololi ai i ka "papahana" o nā pūpuna e kuleana ai i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā keiki.
ʻAʻohe mea ola no kēia maʻi o nā pōkole gladiolus, e like me ka kiʻi i ka ata, a ʻo ka hakakā koʻikoʻi ka pale ʻana i ka pale, ʻo ia hoʻi ka luku ʻana i nā flora a me nā pōpio e hoʻolaha i ka maʻi, me ka nematodes.
ʻO nā maʻi maʻi o ka gladioli
I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, e hoʻopiʻi nui nā mea ulu ulu pua e pili ana i ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā maʻi maʻi gladioli, ka mea kaulana loa i ka maʻi mosaic. Hōʻike ia iā ia iho me ka mea haunaele o nā mālamalama a me nā wahiʻeleʻele a i ʻole nā ʻōpala ma nā lau, a laila ma ka pua o ka mea kanu.
ʻAʻole pili wale ka Mosaic i ka waiho wale ʻana i ka kala, akā i ka ulu ʻana o ka gladiolus. Kūpono ʻia kēlā ʻano ma hope o nā mea kanu kokoke, aia ka nui o nā pua, a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi i nā pua.
ʻAʻole like ka ʻōpala i nā mea make, akā me nā mea inikua e hānai ana i nā ʻona gladiolus a me nā mea hana, e hele ana ka maʻi i nā mea kanu maikaʻi.
Hoʻokumu pū kekahi maʻi i ka maʻi gladioli e like me ka ulu ʻana. Ma waho ke olakino olakino, ma hope o ke kanu ʻana, hana hoʻopiʻi ʻia nā puna wai palupalu a ʻaʻole hoʻi e hele a loloa. ʻAʻole mālama ʻia ka maʻi, a luku ʻia ka mea kanu me nā hōʻailona ona.
ʻO nā kumu o ke kāohi a me ka mālama ʻana i nā maʻi gladiolus
ʻO ka mea kaua nui i ka hakakā ʻana me nā maʻi gladiolus ka mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, i loaʻa iā ia:
- i ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka ʻenehana ʻoihana mahiʻai;
- i ka hoʻopau ʻana i nā pōʻino i ka moʻomeheu pua;
- i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i nā koho kūpono a mālama i nā ʻōpala.
ʻO ka pālahalaha ʻana o nā maʻi fungal a me nā ʻano āpau e hoʻopōmaikaʻi ʻia i nā kanu kanu ʻana, koho ʻole kūpono ʻole i nā mea kanu a ʻano ʻole paha.
ʻO ka nui o ka haukoli i ka wā o ka pua a kokoke i ka wā lūlū, no ka laʻana, hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka mea kanu, pale i ka umauma mai ka ʻūhū ʻana i ka manawa a kau i ka hopena o ka hoʻouka ʻana e nā maʻi a me nā pōpoki lepo.
No laila, i ka hapa ʻelua o ka ulu ulu, pono e hānai i nā gladioli me nā pīkī palaka me kahi mea liʻiliʻi o ka nitrogen a me ka phosphorus.
I mea e hoʻolaha ʻole ai i nā mea kanu i ka hopena o ka maʻi me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe, hiki i nā gladioluses ke kanu ʻia ma hope o ka eli ʻana o ka lepo. Maikaʻi inā he marigolds, calendula, nasturtiums, ulu ka pālato ma ka pūnaewele ma mua o ka. Hoʻopū palū palma kēia mau mea kanu i ka lepo, e pale ana i nā pōpō lepo e hoʻolaha pinepine i nā maʻi maʻi.
Ke pili nui i kēia, pili kēia i nā pestio e pili ana i ka gladioli, e like me ka wireworm i hōʻike ʻia i ke kiʻi, nā ʻano ʻano nematodes, a me nā huaʻala o ka ʻao.
ʻAʻole pono e kanu koke ʻia nā ʻōpala hou me nā mea kanu i hōʻike ʻia. ʻO ka mea mua, hoʻouna ʻia nā gladioli i ka quarantine, ʻo ia hoʻi, i kahi pūnaewele i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai nā kumu kanu nui.
He mea nui ke kanu i nā pua i ka manawa, inā ʻaʻole:
- i ka ʻāina ma ka ʻāina ua hoʻolōʻihi, hele lohi ka mana a me ke kaumaha loa o ka gladiolus, nā ulu a ulu a i lilo pinepine i mau pōpilikia;
- i ka ʻāina maloʻo, ua pāʻia nā mea kanu e nā pathogens rot.
E like me ke ana no ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi maʻa, hoʻohemo pinepine ʻia ka lepo ma lalo o nā kanu lāʻau, ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hoʻoulu ʻana a me ka hoʻoulu ʻia ʻana me ka hoʻoulu ʻia ʻana o ka lāʻau
E hoʻoluli i ka wahi ma hope o ka gladioli, kanu ʻia ka lepo me kahi hopena o 2% o ka keleawe keleawe. Ma keʻano maʻalahi, hikiʻole ke lohi i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o nā puna, ka mea i hoʻoweliweli ʻia ʻaʻole wale nō e ka manuahi, akā ke komo ʻana i nā pōpō lepo, nā pua a me nā mea kanu bakala i loko o nā ʻōpala.
Pehea e mālama ai i ka gladioli ma mua o ke kanu mai nā maʻi
Inā ʻaʻohe minamina i nā hōʻailona, a ʻike ʻia nā corms ma hope o ka mālama ʻana, pehea pehea e mālama ai i ka gladioli ma mua o ke kanu ʻana i ka maʻi?
E like me ka prophylaxis, corms i koho ʻia no ke kanu ʻana i manini ʻia no ka hapalua hola i kahi ʻala ʻala mānoanoa o ka potassium permanganate. ʻO ka ʻauʻau kaukau ma ka hopena polū palupalu o ke keleawe keleawe e kōkua i ka pale ʻana i ka maʻi o nā maʻi.
Ma hope o ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana, ʻaʻole maloʻo maloʻo hiki ke holoi a ninini ʻia me ka wai wela no nā mau minuke, i ka wā e hoʻomoʻo ai, e hoʻomoʻi i ke kaʻina. Haʻalele ka wela maemae loa he 45-55 degere. Hoʻopiʻi ʻia kēia me ka mālama ʻana o ka wai me ke kaʻa. E kōkua ka wai maʻamau i ka huki ʻana i nā pulupulu mai nā ʻōpala, a holoi i nā wahi i hōʻiliʻili ai nā maʻi, a hoʻokuʻu aku i nā nematodes a me nā hehi.
Ma mua o ke kanu ʻana, e uha ana nā corms i nā hola 18 i loko o ka hopena o ka 0.5% o ka thiourea, ka mea e hana nei he mea laʻa a me ka manuahi kūpono. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe kēia huahana a wehe ʻole i nā pōpō me kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka maʻi me ka maʻi paʻi.
Mai ka hapalua ʻelua o Iulai, ua mālama ʻia nā mea kanu ʻelua a ʻekolu paha me kahi manawa o 1-2 mau pule me kahi hopena o 2% o ka malathion. ʻO ka prophylaxis maikaʻi e kū'ē i ka fungus e hoʻopau i ka gladioli me ka hopena o ke keleawe oxychloride ma ka pae o 5 mau pākēmi wai wai.
Hoʻolālā i ka gladioli mai nā maʻi ma mua o ke kanu - wikiō
