ʻOiai ke kumu hema o ka apricot (Central Asia, China, Iran, Transcaucasia, a laila ʻo Greece, ʻo Italia), ua nui ka ulu o ka mea kanu i ka hau kūlohelohe, no ka mea e ulu ana ma nā kuahiwi kuahiwi, kahi i hoʻohui ʻia i ka hau a me ka maloʻo. I ka waenakonu o nā kenekulia 17, ua lawe ʻia kekahi mau lāʻau apricot mai ʻEulopa i ka māla aliʻi ʻo Izmailovsky, kahi i kanu ʻia ai lākou. A ma hope o kekahi mau makahiki, hiki ke loaʻa nā apricots i nā kīhāpai o nā keiki kamaliʻi, me ke kīhāpai monastery o ka Wilayah ʻo Moscow. Ka mea i kūpono ke kūpaʻa apricot me ka pale kūlohelohe. ʻAʻole wale nā mea koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻoilo i nā mea koʻikoʻi.
Haki aʻoma ʻoma.
ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo a ʻo ke kākela paʻakikī o ka apricot ka pōʻino i hoʻopilikia ʻia e nā ʻano hoʻoilo maikaʻi ʻole e like me nā limu a me nā loli koke i ke kauwela. Hoʻopilikia ka ʻeha nā pua i kēia mau mea, no ka mea, ua hoʻonāukiuki nā kumulāʻau i kā lākou hoʻomohala, a laila hōʻeha nā huaʻala i hope e hōʻeha iā lākou a e luku ʻole paha i ka wā e hiki mai ana. No laila, ʻāpana ʻāpana a piha ʻole paha i nā pua pua i ka wā hoʻoilo, ʻo ia kekahi o nā kumu nui no ka huaʻai ʻole o nā apricots.
Hoʻokomo maoli nā mea kanu i ka hoʻoilo i nā makahiki mua o ke ola. Hoʻohālikelike ʻia lākou e ka ikaika a me ka lōʻihi a ʻaʻole i manawa e hoʻomākaukau ai no ka hoʻoilo ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hau. ʻO ka hopena, ʻaʻole manu ka lignified shoots free. Ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei ke kumu o ka nele o ka hoʻoilo o ka hoʻoilo o ka aprikot ka mea i anu a ke kauwela a pōkole ka wā, inā loaʻa ka manawa i nā mea kanu e loaʻa ai ka lako pono o nā meaʻai e kōkua ai iā lākou e kūleʻa i nā hopena pōʻino o ka hoʻoilo. Hōʻike ʻia nā hiʻohiʻona olakino e pili ana i ka ulu ʻana o nā apricots e pili ana i ka pono no ka koho kūpono o kahi wahi ma ka waena waena.
Ke koho ʻana i kahi no ka apricot
ʻAʻole pono ka wahi no ka kanu ʻana i ka aprikot (i kahi e lele ai ka ea anu), akā e maopopo iā ʻoe i ka mahana, pāloʻi a pani ʻia mai nā makani anuanu (ʻākau a me ka hikina). ʻAʻole e aʻo i ka mea kanu i ka kanu ʻana i nā apricots ma nā ʻaoʻao hema, no ka mea, i nā mea kanu mua i hoʻomaka ka mea kanu i ka hōʻino o kā lākou hoʻoilo, a ʻoi aku ka ulu ʻana o ka pua i ka kō me nā puna wai. Eia nō naʻe, ua ʻōlelo kekahi o nā māla e kanu i nā apricots ma ka ʻaoʻao hema o nā hale, nā pā a i ʻole nā pale kākā i hana ʻia i pena ʻia i nā kukui waihoʻoluʻu e hoʻomālamalama i ka lā ma nā lāʻau (i.e., e hana i kahi mea like me ka pale wela).
Wahi a nā māla e ʻike ʻia, e hoʻomaikaʻi kēia mau hana i ka hoʻomālamalama o nā lāʻau a pale iā lākou mai nā makani anuanu. A ʻo hoʻokahi mea: ʻo ka ʻāina ma nā wahi kanu apricot e pono ka hanu maikaʻi, no ka mea pono ke aʻa o nā mea kanu i kahi kahe kahe ʻole o ka ea i loko o kēia wā ulu. ʻO ka pohō ʻana ʻana o ka pōkole pōkole me ka wai a paʻakikī paha ke hoʻopihapiha nui o ke aʻa o ka ʻāina, ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa, mai kēia mea kanu ke make. Pono e koho ʻia ka palapala ʻāina kūpono. No ka hoʻohālikelike, hoʻokahi papa ʻāpana me kahi ʻāpana o ka one i hoʻohui i ka pālolo ma luna o kekahi ʻāpana. Ma luna o kahi ʻāina one me ka nui o ka lepo, ua hoʻopau nā lāʻau apricot i ke kauwela a ulu maikaʻi. Ma ka chernozem nonigigated, ʻo ia ka hua ma hope a hoʻohua hua ʻana.
ʻIke nā māla akamai me ka mau ʻōpala kahiko, oak, maple, lehu a me nā lāʻau ʻē aʻe me kahi palena hohonu loa e ulu ana a i ʻole a kokoke i kahi pūnaewele, a laila he hōʻailona kūpono kēia e pili i nā apricots i ka aʻa ma aneʻi. Noea e kanu i nā lāʻau e like me ke kumu 6 × 4 m (i.e. 6 m waiho ʻia ma waena o nā lālani a me 4 i kahi lālani). ʻO Sandy, loamy, light loamy me ka lepo me kahi kūʻokoʻa a me ka hopena o ka acidic (pH 6-7) i makemake nui ʻia no ka apricot. I ka lepo, maikaʻi i ka humus, e hōʻoia e hoʻohui i ka manuahi pala i ka nui o ka liʻiliʻi he 3 kg i hoʻokahi mita square. mika Hoʻohui ʻia nā mea kanu Mineral ma muli o nā manaʻo o nā mea kanu i ka lepo. Ma nā ʻele lepo, no ka laʻana, pono ʻia nā maniua ka punetope (ma kahi o 100-120 g no 1 sq. M). ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka kanu ʻana apricot i ka pūnāwai. Hoʻokomo ʻia nā hua kanu i ka lepo i hoʻomākaukau ʻia, hohonu hohonu (a hiki i 45 cm) me ka noi o nā manamana. Hoʻopili koke ʻia nā mea kanu 60-70 cm ma mua o ke kanu ʻana, e hoʻopuka ana i ka 8-10 kg o ka humus a i ka 1 kg o ka superphosphate.
Laeka apricot opio, grade "Murpark".
Ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā kumulāʻau apricot no ka hoʻoilo
Me ka lulu lōʻihi a me ka mahana, hōʻike nā lāʻau apricot i kahi ulu ulu ikaika ulu. I kēia hihia, ʻoiai me nā anuanu māmā, aia kahi pōʻino o ka mālamaʻana i nā pua maloʻo maikaʻi, nā pua pua, a me ka lāʻau. I mea e pale aku ai i kēia, ua ʻōlelo mai nā māla akamai me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ʻAukake i ka wai i nā lāʻau me ka hopena o ka lehu, e kōkua ana e hooki i ka ulu ʻana o nā pua a me kā lākou wikiwiki wikiwiki. ʻO ka maʻamau 5-10 mau pahu o ka lehu e kōkua i nā apricots e hālāwai me kā mākou kauwela pōkole a hoʻopau i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā kumulā no ke anu anuanu e ka paukū. Ma lalo o nā kumulāʻau ʻōpiopio, ʻaʻole ia e ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻopili i nā nui o nā waihona aniani o ka nitrous, no ka hapa ʻelua o ke kauwela. E like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia, pono nā ʻōpiopio ʻōpio koʻikoʻi: ʻoi aku lākou ma mua o nā pākeke. Akā, pono pono e nānā pono nā "poʻe kahiko", i ka mahina ma Mei-Iune, no laila e hoʻomohala ʻia i kahi paila lau ikaika a maikaʻi loa.
A laila hiki ke kali i kahi hōʻiliʻili kūpono, a loaʻa ka lāʻau i ka manawa e mākaukau ai no ka hoʻoilo a hoʻomanawanui i nā manawa. ʻO nā kumulāʻau hua āpau, nā apricots, e like me ka pua ʻana, ʻoi loa a loaʻa pinepine nā maʻi i ka pūnāwai puna. ʻO ke ala ʻoi loa e pale aku i nā pua, ʻo ia ke uhi i nā lei o nā lāʻau me agrofabric i loko o nā papana a i ʻole kekahi lole ʻē aʻe no ka wā pua holoʻokoʻa. Ma lalo o kēlā mau lole, ʻaʻole makaʻu i nā pua i nā frosts e hōʻemi i ka liʻiliʻi o 4 ° С. Ma nā kihi, ua hoʻopili ʻia ka mea uhi i nā lālā, akā no ka mea hiki ke koho wale ʻia nā mea ʻino me nā hua pua.
Nā hua ʻōpio apiki ma kekahi lālā, helu "Muscat".
Nā ʻano hua Apricot no ke kaula waena
ʻO ka mea mua, kapa ʻia ʻo ia i ka ʻano like "Triumph North". Hoʻohālikelike ʻia kēia ʻano e nā māla lehulehu. ʻO Apricot "Triumph North" he lāʻau kiʻekiʻe nui me kahi lei kiʻekiʻe. ʻAʻole i kau ʻia i nā hoʻouka kaua ʻana a me nā maʻi like ʻole. Nui ka manaʻo i loko o kēlā me kēia wā, e komo ai i nā hana nui. ʻAʻole naʻe kāna makaʻu i kona mau aʻalolo no nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a no laila e hōʻike ʻia ka aprikot e ka loaʻa i kahi paʻa. He mea koʻikoʻi nui ʻia e pili ana ka "Triumph of the North" e pili ana i nā mea kanu lāʻau-pollinal. ʻO kēia ka mea hiki ke kanu i ka hoʻokahi, me ka hopohopo ʻole e pili ana i ka poll poll. Hoʻomaka ke hua i ka hua ma kahi o ke ʻano he ʻekolu. Hiki i kahi lāʻau pākeke ke hāpai ma luna o 60 kg o nā hua. He nui nā Apricots, nā momona a me nā mea momona. ʻO ko lākou manawa kaola ʻana e like mai ka waena o Iulai a me ka waena-ʻAukake. Ke kūʻai ʻole nei i kahi lāʻau apricot "Triumph North" i kēia lā ʻaʻole paʻakikī, no ka mea hiki iā ʻoe ke kauoha i kahi huiki i nā hale kūʻai he nui.
Aʻo nā ʻano hua apricot o "Mosia" ʻē aʻe, hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia: Iceberg, Alyosha, Aquarius, Countess, Lel, Monastic, Favorit, Tsarsky. Ua loaʻa iā lākou ma muli o nā makahiki he nui i ka hana ma ka Main Botanical Garden o ka Russian Academy of Sciences a ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia i nā kūlana o ka ʻaoʻao waena.
Nā ʻano kūleʻa Aprikot Ikope - kahi lāʻau a hiki i 3 m kiʻekiʻe me kahi lei ākea. Me ka pua nui o nā hua, kahi pākahi iki. Ke kaupaona nei nā hua 20-25 g, puni, pubescent, melemele-ʻoni me kahi pīpī iki, maloʻo, ʻoluʻolu, kīwī. Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻokoʻa ka iwi. Kūpono ʻana o nā hua i ka hopena o Iulai - i ka hoʻomaka o ʻAukake.
Alyosha - kekahi lāʻau kiʻekiʻe me kahi lei ākea o 4 mau mika ma ke kiʻekiʻe. Nui nā pua. ʻO nā hua ʻōpili he i ke kākā ʻia ka 15-20 g he hoʻopuni, ʻōmaʻomaʻo me ka pua pua, ʻono a me ka pubescence liʻiliʻi, no laila ua maikaʻi nā huaʻai. ʻO ka ʻōpala mua ʻana o nā hua: i ka hopena o Iulai - i ka hoʻomaka mua o ʻAukake.
Nā ʻano kūleʻa Aprikot Aquarius - seedling mai Lel cultivar i loaʻa ma ka pollination manuahi. He lāʻau kiʻekiʻe (4-5m) me kahi ulu ulu ikaika. Huaʻai nui. Kūleʻa nā hua, kaupaona 25-30 g. ʻAʻole like nā hua like me kahi mau o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka Lel, ʻaleʻele me kahi ākea ākea. Ua ʻono ka momona i ka ʻono, akā kūpono ʻole. Hoʻokaʻawale loa ka iwi ma luna. Hoʻopau nā huaʻai i ka makahiki 2 o ʻAukake, ʻaʻole mālama ʻia no ka lōʻihi.
Kākau - kiʻekiʻe, a hiki i ka 6 m, nā lāʻau kiʻekiʻe loa. ʻO nā lau i ʻona a iʻa paha, paona 25-30 g. ʻO ke kino pubescent he ʻeleʻele a ʻulaʻula paha, me kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻAkē ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, he cartilaginous, ʻono, ʻono. Ripening hua apricot i ka waena o ʻAukake.
Nā ʻano kūleʻa Aprikot Lel - kahi lāʻau me ka lei aliʻi compact a me ka ulu liʻiliʻi a hiki i 3 m.ʻO nā hua i ka nui, e like me ka paona, he 15-20 ka nui, nani, gula-ʻulaʻula, ʻaʻole me kahi aniani nāwaliwali. Ua liʻuliʻu ka pubescence, no laila ua ʻō nā hua. Paʻu ka ʻono a me nā momona, kūlike, nani loa, ke hoʻokaʻawale maikaʻi ka iwi. Ke hoʻomaka nei me ke kūmole i ka hoʻomaka o ʻAukake.
Nā ʻano kūleʻa Aprikot Monika - kahi ulu lāʻau kiʻekiʻe a hiki i 5 m kiʻekiʻe a me kahi pāpale ākea ākea. Hoʻopili nui loa. ʻO nā lau kaupaona 25-30 g, oval, pubescent, ʻulaʻula me kahi pua ʻulaʻula. Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻokoʻa ka iwi. Hoʻopau nā hua i ka waena a me ka hapalua o ʻAukake.
Kōkua - kekahi ulu o ka nui, a hiki i ka 3 m kiʻekiʻe, ke ulu iki ʻana. ʻO nā hua nui o nā punahele punahele, ʻūpū iki a ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ke kaupaona ʻana a hiki i 30 g. He nani loa nā hua i ka melemele-ʻoni me ka blush nui, liʻiliʻi ka pubescence, no laila ua nui nā hua. ʻAno maikaʻi loa nā hua a me ka ʻiʻo, no ka mea ua liʻiliʻi ka iwi. Hoʻokaʻawale loa ka iwi ma luna. Hoʻopau nā hua i ka waena a me ka hapalua o ʻAukake.
Nā ʻano kūleʻa Aprikot Liiole - kekahi lāʻau o ka laulā nui, a hiki i 3 m kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻohālikelike i nā ʻanoʻokoʻa ʻē aʻe, ʻo nā pua ka nui loa - a hiki i 4 cm ka lōʻihi. ʻO nā lau kaupaona 20-25 g, oval, keʻokeʻo nani a me kahi pua. ʻAeʻoluʻolu maikaʻi loa, ʻono loa, me kahi mea ʻala hoihoi. Ke hoʻomaka nei me ke kūmole i ka hoʻomaka o ʻAukake.
ʻO ka pua apricot pua.
I ka hopena, ke hoʻomaikaʻi nei mākou
He mea kūpono paha e ulu i nā apricots i nā kīwaha o ka hale o ke kaila waena, pono wale nō ke nānā ʻia nā mea i ʻike ʻia, i kuhikuhi ʻia e nā ʻano lāʻau ola o nā mea kanu, i haʻi ʻia e mākou i luna.
- koho i kahi kūpono e kanu ai, e mālama ana i ka microclimate punahele maikaʻi loa no nā apricots;
- koho i ka manawa kūpono no ka kanu ʻana (maikaʻi maikaʻi i ka pūnāwai) i kahi māla maikaʻi, ʻike ʻia nā ʻōiwi i ʻāpono ʻia no ka kanu ʻana i nā lāʻau;
- nānā pono i nā lula a pau ʻenehana o ka ʻoihana mahiai a e noʻonoʻo i nā hana o ka mālama ʻana i nā apricots,
iāiai ʻaʻole e poina:
- e pili ana i ka uila kūpono o nā lāʻau, pani ʻia e ka hoʻomaka o ʻAukake;
- ka ohi o na lau haule i lalo o na kaikamahine i ka haule a me ko lakou puhi ana i ke kakaha i na manu;
- i ʻOkakopa-Nowemapa, nā lāʻau apricot whitewash, no laila e pale aku ai iā lākou mai ka lā ulu i ka wā mua a mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā hana biochemical mua i kā lākou mau lālā a me nā pua;
- e pili ana i nā kumulāʻau lāʻau i ka wā mua, ʻoiai inā ʻaʻole ia i lawe ʻia i ka wā lohi;
- ma ke noi o nā fertilizers: nitrogen - i ka wā mua i ka puna, ka momona - i ke kauwela.
