Ua hoʻohana ʻia nā nati Pistachio i ka meaʻai i ʻoi aku ma mua o 2.5 mau makahiki. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Pistachios nā hua ʻelua i ke ʻano o nā hua ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻai ʻia, a me nā kumuluku e hāʻawi i kēia mau hua. Ua hele mai ka huaʻōlelo "pistachio" i kā mākou ʻōlelo mai Farani, ma laila, i ʻoka ʻia, mai kā Latin a me Helene. I ka ʻōlelo Helene, ua ʻōlelo ʻia ka ʻōlelo mai ka ʻōlelo Peresia mai ka ʻōlelo “pūhē". ʻO Iran kahi e manaʻo ʻia ana ka lā hānau o kēia lāʻau kupanaha. Ua paʻa ka huaʻōlelo ʻo "pistachio" i loko o ka hua'ōlelo o ka ʻ languagelelo Lūkia mai ka makahiki 18.
Kakou (Pistcia) - he pua liʻiliʻi o nā kumu lāʻau a i ʻole nā mea kanu o ka ʻohana Sumakhov (Anacardiaceae), nā mea maʻamau ma ka subtropical, nā ʻāpana kūwaho o nā wahi kahiko a me ka Honua Hou. ʻO ka mea kanu kaulana a mahalo ʻia i nā wā kahiko a he kumu ia o nā hua ʻai Pistachio maoliLaau Pistachio (Pististia verahe ʻano ʻano ʻano he pistachio.
Ke kāhea nei i nā lāʻau pistachios pololei ʻole mai kahi ʻano botanical e ʻike nei, ʻoiai ʻo ka hua o ka lāʻau pistachio he drupe. ʻO ka mea mākou e kapa ai i kahi peʻa he intraocarp (pōhaku), e like me nā almonds aloha i aloha ʻia e nā mea a pau. Eia naʻe, i ka kuke ʻana a i ke ola o kēlā me kēia lā ua paʻa ia i kekahi hua ʻai, kahi hua o ka pōpoki a me kahi mea ʻai ʻono maikaʻi, ua kapa ʻia he nati.
Ke kanu ʻana i nā lāʻau pistachio. © cstoernerMoolelo o nā pistachios
No nā tausani makahiki, ua ulu nā lāʻau pistachio i Komohana Komohana, mai Suria a hiki i Afghanistan. Ua mahalo nui ʻia lākou i Peresia a ʻike ʻia ma laila he hōʻailona o ka waiwai. Ua mahalo nui ʻia ʻo Pistachios no ko lākou ʻono ono a me ko lākou ʻano momona, ʻo lākou nā puna momona i ka ʻaha aliʻi ʻo ka Mōʻīwahine o Sheba. ʻO ka mea hoihoi, ʻo nā pistachios kekahi o ʻelua mau nati i haʻi ʻia i loko o ka Baibala.
I ka wā o ke Aupuni Roma, ua lawe ʻia mai kahi lāʻau pistachio i Helene a me Italia mai Suria. Ua hōʻike kekahi mau mea loea ma hope o ka hina ʻana o ka Emepera Roma, ua pau ka kanu ʻana o ka pistachios ma Italia, akā ma hope mai i hoʻopili hou ʻia nā ʻĀrani iā lākou i Sicily ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mokupuni.
Ke ulu nei ka Pistachios i Iran, Greece, Suria, Sepania, Italia, Turkey, USA a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe.
I ka New World, hoʻomaka ke kanu ʻia i nā lāʻau pistachios i ka hopena o ka makahiki 1890 i Kaleponi. I kēia lā, ʻo ka hana kuʻuna o ka pistachios ma US kahi lua wale nō iā Iran, ka mea hana nui i ka honua. ʻO ka hapa nui o ka ʻāpana honua i nā pistachios i hoʻopau ʻia i United States.
ʻO kahi pua o pistachios ma kahi lālā. © Stan ShebsPehea e ulu ai nā pistachios?
ʻO kekahi lāʻau Pistachio i kapa ʻia i kēia manawa he ʻalemona ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Ke ulu nei kēia lāʻau i kekahi manawa a 10 mau mika kiʻekiʻe, ulu ma luna o ka ʻōpala, nā lepo maikaʻi, nā kahe pali a i nā wahi me ka haʻalulu haʻalulu (lāʻau lāʻau pistachio e hoʻokaʻawale i ka hau a hiki i 20 mau kiʻekiʻe). Hoʻopili maikaʻi i ka palala i ka hoʻomālamalama, ʻike ʻole ʻole i ka mālama.
ʻO ka ʻalani o kēia pistachio, ua kilipili, ka pālahalaha ʻana a me ka ribed. ʻO ka ʻili ma nā lālā kahiko he hina hina, ma ka makahiki - ʻulaʻula-ʻulaʻula. Hele nā aʻa he 10-12 m ka hohonu, a hoʻonui i 20-25 m a puni.
ʻO ka Pistachio kahi mea kanu dioecious. Puʻupuʻu pua ʻōlima ma ke anuanu, pālahalaha, pālahalaha pālahalaha, he 4-5 cm ka lōʻihi. ʻO nā pua Varicose i nā pua rarer a me ka moʻolelo, e like me ka lōʻihi, perianth o ʻekolu a ʻelima mau ʻekaʻeʻewaʻi, kūlike ʻole, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā pua stamen, nā lau 2-4 mm lōʻihi.
ʻO nā pua pua Pistachio. © Ido KronʻO nā hua nui o kēia pistachio he nui (nui mau manawa ma mua o nā ʻano ʻano ʻē aʻe o kēia ʻano) he drupe 0.8-1.5 cm lōʻihi, 0.6-0.8 cm ākea. He pua ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻālaʻi, ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
ʻO ka pua a Pistachio i ka lā Malaki - Mei. Nā huaʻaʻa i Iulai - Kepakemapa.
ʻO nā lau nani a me nā ʻākala o nā huaʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula i hoʻoiho ʻia i mea kanu ʻano lāʻau.
ʻO Pistachios ma kahi lālā lāʻau. © Stan ShebsNaana
ʻO ka pīhoihoi pīpī i ka hopena o Iulai - i ka hoʻomaka mua o Kepakemapa. Kolo mua nā ʻala i ka lā - ma hope o lākou e hiki ke mālama, akā ʻaʻole kaʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi makahiki. I kekahi manawa ua maloʻo lākou i ka paʻakai a me ka palaoa.
Ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia nā hua i ka wā o ka ʻāʻī o waho e uhi ana i ka palupalu. Ke hāʻule koke nei lākou inā lulu ka lāʻau. ʻO ka haki he uhi ʻia me ka wōnō ʻōmaʻomaʻo i uhi ʻia i loko o kahi kala beige. Hiki i kekahi lāʻau ke hoʻopuka e pili ana i 25 kilokilo o nā kinipōpō. Ke kau ʻia i loko o ka pauka airtight, mālama ʻia nā pistachios i mau mahina no kekahi mau mahina. Inā maloʻo lākou, e mālama ʻia lākou no nā makahiki he nui a mālama i ko lākou ʻono a me nā minela.
Hōʻike ʻia ʻo Pistachio kekahi o nā "huaʻai" maikaʻi loa, 80-90% o nā pistachios (iʻa a ʻāpī ʻia i ka pulupulu) ua hoʻopau ʻia e like me kahi makana. ʻO ka pīpī, kīleʻaleʻa nā peach, he ʻono ʻono a hoʻohana ʻia i ka kuke ʻana.
ʻO nā pistachio mauʻu i kahi māka i wehe ʻia. © CemgʻO nā waiwai e hoʻohana ai i nā pistachios
He meaʻai maikaʻi loa nā pistachios unsalted, akā naʻe, he waiwai lākou i nā momona. Kūleʻa kēia nut i ka paʻakai, haʻahaʻa i ka sodium, e kōkua i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke kaulike o ka wai i loko o ke kino, a hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ke koko. He puna maikaʻi nā Pistachios i nā protein, loaʻa lākou i ka calcium, ka hao, ka phosphorus, thiamine, zinc, vitamin B6 a me ka vitamina E. Pistachios he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa hoʻohālikelike i nā hua liʻiliʻi ʻē aʻe. He kiʻekiʻe lākou i ka momona a haʻahaʻa hoʻi i ka momona saturated, akā kiʻekiʻe i ka momona monounsaturated, e hoʻemi ana i ka hopena o ka hōʻeha ʻana o ka naʻau. ʻO nā Pistachios kekahi i kahi antioxidant e hōʻemi ana i ka hopena o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā maʻi e like me ka maʻi kanesa.
Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Pistachios ma ka Middle East, a me Mediterranean a me nā lau o India, nā pistachios unsalted he ʻano maikaʻi loa ia i ka mea kanu meaʻai. He maikaʻi loa lākou i ka wā i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano mea i loko o nā pōmele, ka ʻaina, nā kuki, ka hau aila me nā mea ʻala, nā muffins, nā pastes, nā pānaʻi, nā pā, ka piha no ka iʻa a me ka ʻai, ʻo ia hoʻi no ka hoʻoliina.
Pono ke ʻano o nā pono olakino o ka pistachios i nā ʻāina he nui, ʻoi aku hoʻi ma Suria, kahi i hāʻawi pinepine ʻia ai nā kipa i nā ʻeke o nā pistachios i makana i kahi makana.
