Nā kuʻina o ka ʻoki: maʻi a i ʻole ka pōmaikaʻi?

ʻO ka pinepine ma ka ʻāpana o nā ʻāpana he nui nā wahi ākea. Kūʻē kekahi e hōʻike nei i kahi kūlana maikaʻi o ka lāʻau, ʻoiai ke manaʻo nei kekahi e hōʻailona lākou i kahi hōʻailona pōʻino. Akā ka mea maoli?

Inā maikaʻi a he ʻino paha paha kekahi no ka lāʻau ma muli o ke kumu o ka pala, ʻo kona wahi kikoʻī ma ka ʻāpana, a me ke ʻano anatomical o nā kiko. E hoʻomaka kākou me kahi kumu maikaʻi.

Inā ka pālahalaha ʻana ma lalo o ka ʻōpū, e hoʻomaka ana mai ka lepo a ʻaʻole like i ka ʻaoʻao like me ka maʻi ʻolō, akā like ka ʻāpana i ke kumu - ʻaʻohe kumu no ka hopohopo. He hōʻailona kēia o ka hoʻolālā palekana o ka lāʻau, kāna hale hoʻonohonoho maikaʻi. Ma hope o nā mea āpau, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kumu o kekahi ʻōnaehana ma mua o ka ʻaoʻao kiʻekiʻe. ʻO kahi kumulāʻau hua i kēia kūlana ke hiki ke kapa ʻia he ʻano he ʻano o ke kumu lāʻau a me ka scion. ʻAʻohe haku iā I.V. Ua kapa ʻia e Michurin ke ʻano "ʻoihana kumu o ka lāʻau hua." E nānā i kahi "kumu" ākea ʻo Melba he hanohano o ka makahiki. ʻO ka lāʻau "noho" paʻa i luna o ia, e like me ka "kuamoʻo".

© kope hoʻomohala

E hoʻomanaʻo ʻoe iā ʻoe ʻaʻole ʻo ka pena wale nō ke kumu o ka aʻa, akā, ʻo ka ʻāpana o ka ʻōpala i kahi wahi e kulu ai, hiki ke ʻoki ʻia i nā kiʻekiʻe mai ke aʻa (ʻike kiʻekiʻe ke kūpaʻa ʻia ma nā ʻōpala a beveled ma ka cortex). ʻO ka scion ka mea nui i ka pehu o ka lāʻau i ulu i kahi kāwili ʻana.

ʻOi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke kumukūʻai ma mua o hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha mau makahiki ma mua o ka moʻo, ʻoiai ka wā e ulu ana nā mea kanu, hoʻoili a hoʻoili paha i ka liʻiliʻi i hoʻokahi a ʻelua mau makahiki ʻelua; ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kumu o ka lāʻau ma ke ʻano "kūlohelohe."

ʻOiaʻiʻo, he mea kūpono kēia wehewehe no ka ʻano maikaʻi o ka lāʻau: nā ulu maʻamau, nā lau ʻeleʻele uliuli maikaʻi, ka hoʻoilo-paʻakikī a hoʻoili i keʻano o nā ʻano, ka wā kūpono o nā ʻano āpau o ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu, etc.

Akā inā he māla "ka ʻokoʻa", kahi e hoʻokaʻawale i ke ʻano kūlohelohe o ka lāʻau, i ka hua ʻana o kahi "flx" hoʻokahi, a i ʻole kahi mana nui o ka hiʻona o ka lāʻau, ʻo ia kekahi mau kūlana ʻē aʻe e pono ai ka noʻonoʻo kūikawā.

I kekahi manawa ke hele ʻia kahi "hohonu lalo-lalo" ma muli o kahi ikaika ulu o ka scion ikaika i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i kahi kumukūʻai. Kēia hiʻohiʻona e like me, no ka laʻana, kahi wikiwiki o ka nui o ka lāʻau apple apple Beforrest. Ke ulu a ʻo kāna mau vaksinʻi a e loli koke i ka huki pinepine a hoʻopaʻa i ka mānoanoa o ke kaola. Maikaʻi mau, ua hiki i ka makahiki 2 a me 3 ke hoʻomaka, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Beforrest e hoʻohua ai i ka hua, a pau nā mea "hopohopo".

ʻO kahi ulu e ulu hou ana i ulu i nā cherries i hoʻohui ʻia i nā cherries. Ke ulu nui nei o nā lau cherries me nā lau nui ma nā kumu ikaika, e like me, ka wikiwiki o ka ulu mānoanoa, ke kīhī ʻana i ka ulu o ka stock cherry.

Mai nā puke moʻomanaʻo maʻamau ua ʻike ʻia he mau lāʻau me nā thickenings "ma ke kūlike" a hiki ke ola a hūnā i nā hua maʻamau i nā makahiki he nui. No ka laʻana, ma ka moolelo o kahi loea ma East Molling Experimental Station (ʻEnelani) ʻo R. Garner, "He alakaʻi no ka Inoculation of Fruit Crops" (M., 1962), ke kiʻi o kahi lāʻau cherry 55 makahiki. ʻO ka lāʻau, e like me ka mea kākau, ua hele maikaʻi a ola maikaʻi.

Akā he mea ʻokoʻa kēia i ke kānāwai, a ke pale ʻole ʻia kēlā ʻano hanana maʻamau. E kōkua ka hoʻopuʻi ʻana i ka lewa i ka hoʻomaka mua ʻana o ka mānoanoa - nā ʻāpana lōʻihi o ka ʻili me kahi pihi a me ka liʻiliʻi (1 mm). Ua hana ʻia lākou i Mei-Iune me ke kihi ʻokiʻoki ʻo kahi pahi i nā puni a pau o ke ʻōpala mai ke kahua o ka pohala a i ka ʻāina. ʻO ka mamao ma waena o ka hōʻoki ʻana he 5-10 cm, ʻoi aku ka pakeke, ka lāʻau i hele pinepine ʻia ai nā kiʻi ukana. Ke hoʻoikaika nei kēia ʻano i ka ulu ʻana o ka lāʻau a me nā ʻili o ke ʻano, e komo i ka kahakiʻi o ka mānoanoa o ke kumukūʻai a me ka scion.

Akā ma ka maʻamau o ke kumu o ka wai o ka wai mai luna mai he hōʻailona maikaʻi ʻole, e hele ana i nā hihia o ka hoʻopulapula physiological o ka scion me ka stock, ke alakaʻi nei i ka make o nā lāʻau. Ke neʻelima nei ia iho pono i loko o nā anatomical fusion a me ka nawaliwali palupalu o nā kiko a me nā kīʻaha koko o nā mea hoʻohui. ʻO ka hopena o ka hiki ʻole i ka ikaika mechanical me ka hoʻopuka, a me ka popopo kalapule o nā aʻa, no ka mea, ʻaʻole i komo nā mea pālaʻi i nā lau i ka wā photosynthesis. Loaʻa i kahi hoʻolālā mololi nui, ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke komo i nā aʻa no ka malia o ka pilina vascular ma waena o ka moʻo a me ka stock. A ke hopena, mālama ʻia kēia mau mea mai luna aʻe, me ka hoʻoilo ʻia ʻana i ka hoʻopiʻi ʻana ma mua o ke ʻano o kahi ʻano peʻa ma luna o ke kahua huaka.

ʻO ka pinepine, ʻo ia ka mea like ʻole e like me ke ʻano o ka pale ʻana, ka wā, no ka laʻana, ua kālima ʻia kekahi ʻula ma kahi lāʻau āpau a ʻūlū mauna paha, chokeberry, ierga, a me nā mea i nā makahiki mua. I ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, hoʻololi ia i ka pōkole, make nā mea kanu ma muli o ka maloʻo ʻana, ʻoki ʻia ma lalo o nā makani ikaika a i ʻole ke koʻikoʻi o ka hua, hoʻēmi ʻia ka paʻakikī paʻakikī, etc.

Hoʻopili i nā mana, i ka hiki ʻole o ka physiological maʻi i loko o nā hōʻailona ʻē aʻe i ka hōʻailona: ka nui o ka waiho ʻana i nā pua pua me nā mea nāwaliwali; liʻiliʻi nā hua liʻiliʻi no kēia ʻano a me kā lākou huhū ikaika; uuloko ākea maikaʻi ʻoi aku ka mālama maikaʻi; ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā lau ma ka moʻo a me ka nānā ʻana o nā wana mai ka stock.

I kekahi manawa ʻaʻole i ʻike koke ka hiki ʻole o ka physiological, me he mea lā e lohi ana. Akā inā kahi lāʻau, ʻo ka mālama maikaʻi ʻana, e kiʻi lohi iā ia i kahi hiʻohiʻona hoʻopiʻi ʻia a i ka manawa like ka nui o ka hoʻopiʻi mai luna aʻe, e pōkole ia.

Mea i hoʻohana ʻia:

• N. Efimova, Kuhina no nā Mahina ʻAmelika, VSTISP, Moscow