I nā ʻāpana ākea ākea a me ka nāhele āpau, hiki ke loaʻa pinepine ʻoe i kahi lāʻau haʻahaʻa me ka lei lei a ʻo ia hoʻi nā lālā pihi. Mai ka pūnāwai a i ka hopena, ua uhi ʻia ka lāʻau me nā lau oblong liʻiliʻi, i ka hoʻoilo ke paʻa i nā lāʻau. ʻO kēlā me kēia manawa, ma mua o ke kāʻeiʻana iā lākou iho i nā lau o ka'ōpala, ua uhi piha lākou i nā pua nani pinkish.
"ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka waiho ʻana i kēlā kumulāʻau", - ke mele ʻia i ke mele." Akā ʻaʻole anei ka mele i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i ka lāʻau kumulāʻau e kanu hua ʻia? He aha ka hana a ka lāʻau ulu lāʻau, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi iā ia? "- ka manaʻo holo māla ʻona āpau e hopu koke i ia.
Mele lāʻau apple (wild wild Apple)ʻIke kēlā me kēia māla lāʻau ma waena o nā mea kanu huaʻai o ka latatate, ua noho ka lāʻau ʻōleʻa i kahi mua ma ka wahi a hoʻohua. Noho nā ʻona o nā ʻaleka ma nā ʻāina āpau e pili ana he 3 miliona mau mika, a ʻo kā lākou hōʻoki makahiki ʻana he nui aku ma mua o 11 miliona mau hua momona ʻono. Ma kahi o 80 pakeneka o kā mākou mau māla lāʻau he mau lāʻau lāʻau. Pau keia mau mea. Loaʻa paha, ʻo ka mele wale nō ma ka māla kumulāʻau, akā kanu nā hope i nā loea like ʻole o kahi lāʻau kupaianaha - kahi lāʻau ulu lāʻau. Kahaha ma mua o nā mea a pau me kona hopena.
ʻO ka lāʻau lāʻau ʻōpala o kekahi o nā mea pōmaikaʻi o ka honua lāʻau nāna i hali i ke kanaka e lawe i kāna hana mua ma ka Honua. Kēia hua nā hua lāʻau ʻōpala ma hope ma hope o ke kau ʻana, maʻalahi lākou, ke kau nei ma luna o kahi lāʻau i ka manawa lōʻihi, ʻo lākou ka mālama pono ʻana i ka hoʻoilo ma nā lau hāʻule. ʻO ka mea kūlohelohe, ʻo ia kekahi o nā kumulāʻau i kanu ʻia e ke kanaka. Loaʻa ʻia nā kiʻi o nā ʻāpana a i nā koena paha i ka wā o ke kahakaha ʻana o nā hana hoʻopili, nā hua ʻākala i hōʻike ʻia hoʻi i nā mea he nui o ʻAigupita, ua haʻi ʻia lākou i loko o nā moʻolelo a me nā kaʻao.
Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo Helene Kahiki ka mea nui o ka moʻome ʻōpala. Ua kākau ʻo Theofrast i kahi moʻolelo e pili ana i ka horticulture, kahi i hāʻawi ʻia ai ka hua pua i kahi hanohano. ʻO nā mea kākau o Roma kahiko - Cato, a laila laila ʻo Varron, Columella a me Pliny ka Elder - e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka 36 mau ʻano o nā lāʻau nui i ulu ʻia i kēlā manawa. Mai Helene a me Roma, ua hāhola ʻia kahi moʻomeheu lāʻau ma nā wahi āpau o ʻEulopa, a ma a puni ka honua.
Maikaʻi ʻia i waena o nā poʻe Helene a me ko Roma, ua lawelawe ka ʻōpio i hōʻailona o ke aloha a ua hoʻolaʻa ʻia no ke akua o ka nani, aʻo nā Kelemania kahiko e manaʻo nei ka mālama ʻia ka lāʻau ʻōleʻa e nā akua āpau, a ʻo ka ʻāpala ka ʻai punahele. No laila, ʻaʻole i wiwo ʻole ʻo Donar ke akua kī e hoʻopā ai i ka kumulāʻau, akā ua hoʻolei i kāna pupuʻu mākeke maikaʻi i nā kumu lāʻau ʻē aʻe. ʻO ke komo ʻana aku i nā Kelemania, ka pale ʻana iā lākou iho mai ka uila ikaika, kanu i nā kumulāʻau ʻapuni a puni ko lākou mau home.
ʻO nā hua o ka hua lāʻau a laupa (wild Wild Apple huaʻai)ʻO ka huaʻōlelo "paradaiso" ma Celtic ka "ʻāpala o nā ʻōpala" (Avalon), a me ka moʻolelo mele ʻōlelo ʻōlelo a Eva i hāpai ʻo ʻAleka i kahi lāʻau o ka ʻike o ka maikaʻi a me ka hewa.
ʻO kekahi o nā haʻawina a nā Helene kahiko e haʻi nei e pili ana i ka male ʻana o ka mōʻī o Tessalian Peleus, kahi i kono ʻia ai nā akua āpau, koe wale nō ka akua akua o ka hakakā. ʻO ka hewa loa ʻo Eris i ke kiʻekiʻe o ka leʻaleʻa, hoʻolei i kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo gula me ka palapala "ʻO ka mea nani" i ka poʻe kipa. Maopopo loa, ua puka koke ka hakaka a ko wai o na akua ona, no ka mea, ua kaulana loa na kipa ʻekolu a ko ʻolua nani: Hera, Athena a me Aphrodite. ʻO nā mea akua maikaʻi loa, ʻaʻole hiki iā Zeus ke hāʻawi i kekahi o lākou e makemake. Kauoha ʻo Hermes e lawe i nā akua i ke kahu hipa ʻo Paris, no laila ua hoʻopau ʻo ia i ka paio. Hāʻawi ʻo Paris i ka ʻōpū ma Aphrodite. Mai ia manawa, inaina aku ʻo Hera lāua ʻo Athena iā Paris, e like me Troy a me nā Trojans a pau. Ua hoʻoholo lākou e luku iā Troy a me nā kānaka āpau. No laila, ʻo ka hua gula kupanaha i lilo i ʻōpū o ka moʻo.
Ua ʻike ʻia ka moʻomeheu lāʻau Apple nona ma mua o 4000 mau makahiki. I ʻEulopa i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka kenekulia 18 a aia wale nō i ke ʻano o nā lālani 60, akā ma waena o lākou i mālama ʻia i nā ʻano maikaʻi like Calvil keʻokeʻo a me Stettinsky ulaula. Ke manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia nei kā mākou māhola lāʻau i puka mai i loko o nā māla huaʻai o Kievan Rus i ka makahiki XI-XII, ʻoiai ʻo Herodotus, ka mea i hele iā Scythia i ka makahiki V SM, ua kākau ʻo ia i ʻike i nā kumulāʻau ma laila. ʻO ka ʻāpiki kūpaʻa, i hoʻokumu ʻia ma lalo o Yaroslav ka Wise (ma 1051) a i kapa ʻia ʻo ia me ka ʻāpā, he mea kaulana loa ia ma Rūsia.
Mele lāʻau apple (wild wild Apple)ʻO Kiev Pechersk Lavra. ʻO nā palapala i kākau ʻia i XIV e hōʻike ai i nā māla o Moscow, a ua hāʻawi mua ʻo Domostroy i nā ʻōlelo mua no ka māla ʻana.
I ka lua o ka hapa o ka kenekulia 18, ua hoʻomili ka Lūkini Russian agronomist A.T. Bolotov i ka mea mua, akā ʻaʻole wale nō no ia manawa, ʻewalu mau ʻōlelo wehewehe ʻepekema, ka mea i hoʻohui ʻia ma luna o 600 mau ʻano hua ʻula.
ʻOihana hoʻonaʻauao V.V. Pashkevich, I.V. Michurin, hāʻawi ʻo JI i ka hāʻawi nui i ka ulu ʻana i nā hua. P. Simirenko a me na mea apau Soviet epekema.
Ano ua hoʻonoho ʻia ka lāʻau huaʻai ma ko mākou ʻāina ma kahi palena nui mai Lake Onega a hiki i nā palena hema, a ma ka hikina - a hiki i Lake Baikal, a laila ma ka Teritori Primorsky. I kēia manawa āpau mau lāʻau maikaʻi i waena o 10 mau mea kanu. No nā makahiki he nui, ua hoʻonui ʻia nā mea kanu me nā mea āpau i hōʻea i nā ʻula he 600 (ʻeono-gram Antonovka), inā paha he 930 mau kāmela (knysh) Hoʻouka i nā ʻano he nui a he nui nā hua mai ka lāʻau hoʻokahi. Akā ʻo nā hua lāʻau he huahana waiwai nui loa. ʻAʻole e haʻi ʻia i ko lākou mea momona kiʻekiʻe, nā meaʻai a me nā mea hōʻola o nā mea mālama ola, nā mea kanu momona, nā hua kōlani e hoʻohana ʻia ai nā mea momona, marmalades, jams, compotes, wines. ʻO ka hopena, ua maloʻo nā ʻalā a hauā, nui nā ʻano hoʻoilo i mālama ʻia a hiki i ka hōʻiliʻili hou.
Nā pua o ka ulu lāʻau a i ʻole ʻōpala (European Wild Apple, pua)He pīhoihoi ia ʻaʻole kaulana maoli ka lāʻau ʻōleo i loko o nā ʻulā: i nā ʻano kūlohelohe ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia, a ma ka moʻomeheu ua hua ia a ʻaʻole hua i nā huaʻai ʻole a ʻaʻole hua. ʻOkoʻa nō ka ʻāpana ʻākau a me ke kūkulu hema i ko mākou ʻāina: i ka waena waena ua loaʻa lākou i ka acidity kiʻekiʻe (no ka laʻana, ka ʻano like Antonovka), a me nā ʻano ʻaoʻao hema e like me ka ʻike loea.
Eia nō naʻe, ua haʻalele hou mākou mai nā kumu lāʻau ʻōpala ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. ʻO ke kumu no ka loaʻa ʻana o 10 mau kumulāʻau nā hua lāʻau ʻuʻuku i lawelawe ʻia e na pua ulu wale nō he 8-10, a ʻo ka mea mua, nā hua lāʻau a me nā hua ʻuala, a ʻo ka huina o nā hua huaʻai he 70 mau huaʻai. ʻO ka palani olakino maoli ʻo ia ka lāʻau sylviferous, a i ʻole Kine. Ke hoʻohana nei ia ma ke ʻano he makua makua, loaʻa iā I.V. Michurin i nā ʻano maikaʻi: kandil chinese, bellefur chinese, lāono pepin, saffron chinese, huaʻōlau puaʻa ʻo Michurin me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Ua hoʻokaʻawale hoʻi nā kumulāʻau Wild Siberian a me Nedzvetsky hua lāʻau iā lākou iho. ʻAʻole makaʻu ka poʻe mua i nā pōmole a hāʻawi makahiki i kēlā me kēia makahiki i nā hōʻiliʻili o nā hua liʻi liʻiliʻi, e like me nā pī. He kiʻi kūpono lākou, akā loaʻa ke ʻano leʻaleʻa ma hope o ke kaʻawale ʻana. ʻO kāʻia lāʻau Nedzvetsky mai Central Asia he mea maʻamau i ka waihoʻoluʻu ʻulaʻula o ka ʻili, ka pulula o ka hua, nā hua, nā lau a me nā pua, ʻo kona ʻōpala ʻōpio a me nā lāʻau ona mau ʻulaʻulaʻula. I.V. Ua hoʻohana maikaʻi ʻo Michurin i kona ʻāpana a me ka bred i kekahi mau ʻano like me nā hua ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula: ka pipi ʻulaʻula, bellefler-record, Komsomolets, ʻulaʻula ulaula a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Hāʻawi kekahi i ke ʻano anomali hoihoi i kā mākou kumulā lāʻau ʻulaʻula maʻamau. Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kahi manawa e nīnau i kahi mea mua ma ke kauhale o Andreevka, nā kihi Sumy, e pili ana i nā kiʻi kūloko, e kuhikuhi ʻia mua ʻia ʻoe e nānā i ka "hua lāʻau lāʻau", "ʻĀpelu hua lāʻau" a i ʻole ka "ke kanu lāʻau kanu". ʻO kēia mau inoa āpau e pili ana i ka lāʻau kalepa ʻona 150 ona mau mea, ua ulu aʻe ma luna o kahi he aneane o kahi hapalua hectare. No laila kū i ka wā māla a i ʻole kekahi māla, i ka waena i kū ai kahi lāʻau āpau, kokoke e hoʻopuni ʻia e nā ʻōpio mau ʻōpala. No ka manawa lōʻihi e kahaha nā kānaka i nā mana o nā lālā o kēia hua lāʻau, hāʻule i ka lepo, maʻalahi ke ʻano a kanu i nā mea kanu hou. ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ke ʻano maʻamau o ka hiʻohiʻona o nā kumulāʻau ʻulaʻula: ua kulu ʻia lākou e like me ka corkscrew.
Mele lāʻau apple (wild wild Apple)ʻO ka ʻākela kōleʻa Andreev i nānā mau ʻia e nā ʻepekema ʻokoʻa Ukrainian, ua ʻike ʻia nō hoʻi ʻo ia ʻo I.V. Michurin, nāna i kākau i kāna ʻokiʻoki. ʻO kēia kumulāwa lāʻau e like me nā kumulāʻau 600 ʻĀpana, nona kahi lāʻau ke kūpuna, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia e nā poʻe loea i ka wā e hele ai i ka ʻepekema ʻo Tien Shan.
Hoʻohana ʻia ma nā lako:
- S. I. Ivchenko - Buke e pili ana i nā kumulāʻau
