Hāʻawi nā Breeders i nā ʻano ākea cherry kaulana i Rusia. ʻO ka mea i ʻike nui ʻia, ʻo Shokoladnitsa cherries, ka ho'ākāka ʻana o nā ʻano ʻokoʻa, kona ikaika a me nā ʻano e kōkua i ka māla hale e kiʻi i ka manaʻo o ka moʻomeheu a hana i ka koho kūpono o nā mea kanu no ka ulu ʻana ma kahi kuana pilikino.
Ua loaʻa kahi ʻano kīʻaha kūloko i nā poʻe loea o ka All-Russian Research Institute no ke Koho ʻana o nā hua lāʻau i hoʻokumu ʻia ma luna o Cherbotrebny Cherny Cherny a me Lyubskaya. I ka hoʻokumu ʻana o nā cherry Shokoladnitsa i hōʻike ʻia i ke kiʻi, ʻike ka hui o nā mea ʻepekema i ke pahuhopu o ka loaʻa ʻana i kahi ʻano hau e kū mai ana me kahi lāʻau paʻa o nā mea liʻiliʻi a me nā liʻiliʻi. I ka manawa like, pono nā hua e ʻāpala iā lākou e hoihoi a loaʻa i kahi ono ʻono ʻono.
Ke hana nui o nā kime Oryol A.F. Kolesnikova, M.V. Mikheeva a me T.A. Ua hoʻopau ʻia ʻo Trofimov, a i ka makahiki 1996 ua hoʻohui maikaʻi ʻia kahi ʻano like ʻole i ka hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻana o ke Aupuni State, a ua ʻōlelo pū ʻia no ke kanu ma ka ʻāina waena o Rūsia.
Nā hōʻailona waho a me nā hiʻohiʻona o nā lau kokahi Chocolate
ʻO nā kumulāʻau cherry pākeke o nā ʻano Shokoladnitsa he kiʻekiʻe no ka 2,5 mau mika. ʻO ka lei, i ke ʻano e like me ka pyramid i huli aʻe i lalo, he kūlike nui a me ka nui. Ma muli o kēia mau ʻano, ʻo nā lālā e wīwī ai ma lalo o ka hōʻiliʻili nui, ʻaʻole i hāʻule i ka pae o ka ʻāina, ka mea:
- ho'ēmi i ka hopena o ka hoʻolaha ʻana o nā maʻi fungal a me nā maʻi;
- hōʻemi i ka loaʻa o nā hua a me nā lau no nā pōpoki cherry;
- whakahaere i ka hōʻiliʻili o nā huaʻai.
ʻO nā lālā o ka ʻala a me nā ʻokiʻoki o ka lāʻau i uhi ʻia me ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, kekahi mau manawa hina. ʻO nā ʻōpio, ʻaʻole i lignified pua i kahi pua ʻōmaʻomaʻo. Pihi aku nā puka mai ke cone-formes, paʻa loa i nā lālā o nā keiki a hiki i 4 mm lōʻihi. ʻO ka ʻaoʻao o ka lau o Shriesadnitsa cherries kahi hele kokoke i ka oval, i kuhikuhi ʻia i ka waihona a me ka hope. Ua wili ʻia nā kihi. Ma nā lau, ua ʻike maopopo ʻia ka vein waena, e huli ana i kahi mākoki ikaika 1.5-2 cm lōʻihi me ka ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula e ʻike ʻia i ka pae. ʻOi aku ka māmā o ka ʻāpana o lalo o ka lau ma mua o kona alo i mua.
E like me ka wehewehe o kā Shokoladnitsa cherry ʻano, e kūlohelohe nā lāʻau i ka manawa mai Mei 15 a hiki i ka 18 Mei. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā pua pua ma mua o ka maʻamau. I hoʻokahi inflorescence, ma ke ʻano he kānāwai, ʻekolu mau pua ma ka elongated redlic-green pedicels a hiki i 35-40 mm ka lōʻihi. ʻO ke anawaena o ka corolla he 15-18 mm. He keʻokeʻo nā petals, kahi paʻa i ka wā o ka ovary e hiki mai ana.
Hiki ke ʻike ʻia nā pua i ka poll poll pepeke.
Pono ka poʻe māla e makemake e hoʻokō i nā hua kiʻekiʻe e noʻonoʻo pono i ka ʻano hua kanu Shokoladnitsa kūlohelohe ʻo ia iho, ʻo ia hoʻi, hoʻokumu ʻia ana ka ovary inā he hoʻokahi wale nō hua lāʻau o kēia ʻano ma ka pūnaewele.
He pōmaikaʻi nui kēia, akā makemake ka mākeke mākaukau e pāʻani i ka palekana a ʻaʻole i kaupalena i ko lākou koho inā he Chocolate Girl. E like me kahi papa pollinator hou no ka mea kanu, kanu ʻia nā hua kanu ʻo Vladimirskaya, Lyubskaya, Studentkaya, Turgenevskaya i kanu ʻia ma kahi kokoke. ʻO kēia mau ʻano iho i kūpono pono i ka nānā ʻana o ka poʻe nona nā papa pilikino, a e hoʻolako nui i ka hōʻiliʻili nui ma ka Hale Chocolate.
Ma lalo o nā kūlana maikaʻi o ka wā, hoʻomaka ka hōʻili ʻana i ke alanui waena ma ka pule ʻelua o Iulai. ʻEhā mau makahiki ʻehā i komo i ka hua o ka wā hua; ʻo ke ʻano nui loa o ka ulu ʻana ʻana i nā mea kanu he 15-20 mau makahiki.
ʻO nā lau waiila o ka ʻano Shokoladnitsa, e like me ke kiʻi, he ʻoluʻolu like i ka ʻūneke like ʻole a me ka ʻano ma loko, he ʻano ʻeleʻele. ʻO ka berry waena he kiʻekiʻe o 16,5-17 mm, ka laulā o 19 mm, a me ka laulā o 17 mm. ʻO nā paona mai kahi 3.5 a 4 mau grama. Pololei, ʻoi aku ka pulupulu, ʻekeʻeleʻele. ʻO 8-10% wale nō o ke kaumaha o ka pūpū me ka wikiwiki ke waiho ma hope o ka pulamu, he iwi kaapuni o ke kala melemele.
Ke wehewehe nei i nā huaʻai Shokoladnitsa, hōʻike ʻia ka hōʻiliʻili o nā huaʻai i nā huaʻai he 12,4% a loaʻa wale nō ka 1.6% huika. Hāʻawi kēia i nā hua bona i kahi mea maikaʻi, kokoke i nā ʻono, hoʻohālikelike ʻia e nā māka hoʻomaikaʻi ma nā wahi 3.8-4. I nā kūlana o ka mahiʻai ʻana o nā māla ʻenehana, nā cherries o nā ʻano Shokoladnitsa mai kahi hekahi hānai hua 77-97 keneta o nā huaʻa.
Hiki i kahi māla ke hele i kahi o 15 kg o nā huahana huaʻai mai ka lāʻau hoʻokahi me ka mālama pono a me kahi wahi kanu kūpono i koho ʻia.
Ke kanu a mālama i nā cherries
ʻAʻole makemake nui nā hua ʻona a me nā hua lāʻau ʻē aʻe i ka waikawa, hoʻopāpā nui loa, ka ʻohi ʻana i ka nui o ka lepo o ka lepo. ʻO nā ʻano cherry Shokoladnitsa, e like me ka ho'ākāka a ua loaʻa ka ʻike i ka ulu ʻana, ʻaʻohe ʻokoʻa. No laila, no ka kanuʻana, e koho i nā wahi kiʻekiʻe.
- me kahi lepo aerated, kahi e hoʻopili ai i nā minerala a me nā kolamu kūlohelohe ma mua o ke kanu ʻana i ka hua, a inā pono, deoxidized;
- me ka pale mai ka makani anuanu, akā wehe piha i ka lā;
- me ka wai i pae ʻia ʻaʻole kokoke i hoʻokahi a me ka hapa mika mai ka maka.
I mea e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ai ka mālama ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka cherry Shokoladnitsa, hoʻokō ʻia ka kanu ʻana ma ʻApelila, ma mua o ka hāē ʻana o nā mākeke, a i Kepakemapa, i ka wā e mahana a ʻā ʻia ai ka lāʻau i ka manawa hou. No ka kanuʻana, kūpono kahi mea kanu hoʻokahi makahiki me ke kiʻekiʻe o 1 a 1.5 mau mika, me nā aʻa i kūkulu ʻia a hiki i 20-30 cm ka lōʻihi a he lālā lignified me ka mānoanoa o ka liʻiliʻi o 10-15 mm.
Kūlike ka ʻāina hoʻohālikelike. Pono ka ʻehā a me ka hohonu a me kahi hohonu o 70 cm no nā kumulāʻau ʻōpio .. Ua hui ʻia ka lepo me ka potash, ka phosphorus a me nā maniua nitrogen. Inā hoʻohana ʻia nā mea ola, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lawe ʻana i nā pōpoki maikaʻi i hiki ʻole ke puhi i ke ala o nā lau ʻōpala.
Ke hoʻolei ʻia i loko o ka lua, he mea nui ia e hoʻomoʻa i ka ʻāʻī aʻa. Hāʻawi ʻia ke kākoʻo kūpono no kēlā me kēia huiki. Ma hope o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka lepo, hoʻohuʻu ʻia a kāpīpī ʻia me ka mulch organik.
I mea e pale ʻole ai i ka ulu a me ka hoʻopaʻi ʻana o ka lei o nā cherries, ʻo kā Chocolate ʻano, e like me ke kiʻi, pono e ʻoki ʻia. E maʻalahi ka mea e hana ai i kēia i ka pūnāwai, ma mua o ke ʻano o nā lau mua. Kūpono ʻia ka mea kanu ma nā palupalu kahiko, nāwaliwali me nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi a me ka pōʻino maʻi.
Hoʻouka pono ka ʻike koʻikoʻi i nā hōʻailona o ka maʻi me ka moniliosis a me ka coccomycosis, kahi o kēia ʻano ʻehā.
No ka kumuhana like, hoʻohui ʻia ka kanu hua me ka mālama ʻana o nā mea kanu me nā iwi manu systemic or Bordeaux fluid. Hoʻomaʻi pinepine ka pīpī me nā mea kanu i ka hapa lua o ka pua.
ʻO ka mālama kālaola e hoʻohui i nā lāʻau a hānai iā lākou. ʻOiai ka helu ʻana o nā mea kanu me ka hoʻomanawanui, i ka wā o ka pua a me ka ʻūhū ʻana o nā hua waina, he mea pono nui ka hoʻomohala no nā cherries. I ka wai inu, loaʻa i kahi lāʻau ma kahi o 3-5 mau pōpilikia o ka wai mahana e mālama pono ʻia.
I ka hāʻule, ua hoʻohui ʻia ka pālolo a me ka phosphorus i lalo o nā lei o nā lāʻau hua, ma nā puna wai e pono ai ka "meaʻai" no ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana, no laila ua hānai ʻia me nā pūhui waikawa. Inā ka hana kūpono ʻia ka kanu kanu ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana o ka lau o Shokoladnitsa, ʻo ia ka mua o ka makahiki o ke ola, hāʻawi nā mea kanu i ka hoʻonui, a i ka hā o ka makahiki hoʻomaka lākou e hua.
