ʻO nā ʻeke wai momona, kanu ʻia i ka lehulehu a puni ka honua, i loko o ka Latin, ua kapa ʻia ʻo Citrullus lanatus. ʻO kēia mea kanu i kūkulu ʻia i nā whips a hiki i ka 3 mika ka lōʻihi o ka ʻohana paukena. Loaʻa nā mea pili i nā holoholona pili mua loa ma ka hema o ʻApelika i kēia mau lā, a ʻo ka mōʻaukala o nā wai me nā mea kanu, he mea kanu i ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi tausani mau makahiki.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau o nā ʻano wai he hoʻokahi no ka hele ʻana o nā lau loloa lōʻihi e uhi ʻia me nā lau cirrus pubescent me kahi kāʻei ʻala pohala. E hoʻoponopono i luna o ke anana a me ke kuahiwi, hoʻohana nā ʻenehana i ka antennae, hoʻomāhuʻi a hoʻomāloʻe i ke kōkō ʻana o ka ulu lāʻau.
Loaʻa nā pua pua ʻulaʻula ma nā axils o nā lau. I ka wā e loaʻa ai ka pīkī, hana i kahi hua nui ma kahi o ka pua. Ma muli o kēia ʻano berry hewa me kahi papa paʻakikī paʻakikī a nui kahi ʻano wai momona i ulu i ka wai. I ka wā mua o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ua hoʻopili ʻia nā huaʻai like, me nā hua lāʻau a me nā lau, i nā lauoho paʻakikī e nalowale ana i ka wā e ulu ana a ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā hōʻailona o ka ʻalima o kahi ʻōmole.
A ʻōniʻai a ʻōpiopio hoʻi, me ka lōʻihi a hiki i 60 cm nā ʻono wai:
- ʻili paakū paakū, ka mea maʻamau me kahi ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo a i ʻole nā kala paha, akā aia nā pua o ke keʻokeʻo, ʻeleʻele, ke kinikini a me nā ʻulaʻulaʻula;
- wai momona, ʻalani ʻalani a ʻulaʻula, uliuli ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula, ka melemele a me ka hue keʻokeʻo paha me nā hua heʻala a palala aʻeleʻele paha.
ʻO nā thermophilic ka waiū a uluʻoluʻolu wale mai ma kahi wela ke emi mai ka 20-25 ° C.
Eia kekahi, no mau makahiki he mau makahiki, ua lawe ʻia ka hana hoʻoulu no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā ʻano like, ʻelua ʻano kūlohelohe a me ka loaʻa ʻana o ka pale pai ʻana i nā maʻi, a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e ka ʻōpala mua.
No laila, ua neʻe nui nā palena o ke kūkulu ʻākau i nā mea kanu i nā makahiki heono i hala. Nui ka poʻe i ʻike e pili ana i nā wai i nā ʻanuʻu ʻaʻole wale e ka hoʻolohe, akā hoʻomaʻamaʻa mau iā lākou iho me nā hua momona. A ma nā moena i kūleʻa nā hua e ulu i nā 65-75 mau lā ma hope o ke ʻano o nā pua mua.
ʻO ka kumu a me ka mōʻaukala o nā ʻōpū
Wahi a nā poʻe loea a me nā paleobotanists, he kūlike nā ʻano like ʻole o nā wai wai me nā mea liʻiliʻi o nā huaʻāina ʻo Citrullus, aia ka nui i loaʻa ma nā wahi wao nahele o ʻApelika Hema, Mozambique a me Zambia, Namibia a me Botswana. Aia ma kēia mau ʻāina i hōʻike ʻia ka nui o nā ʻano heʻanuʻu me nā hua wai.
I ka wā kahiko, ʻo ka poʻe nā kūpuna kaiapuni o nā ʻenehana kūwaho i ka mea nui wale nō ke kumu o ka pulupulu o nā holoholona, a no nā ʻohana kūloko, a no nā mākaʻikaʻi ma ka wao nahele.
ʻO ia ka manawa i hoʻomaka ai ka mōʻaukala wai, me kahi moʻomeheu i hoʻohana ʻia i ka meaʻai. Inā ʻaʻole i mālama ʻia nā mea kanu me nā mea nui o ka glycoside, a laila ua hele ʻoi aku nā holoholona keu 4,000 mau makahiki i hala aku nei i ka ʻaoʻao ʻākau o ʻApelika a makemake nui i ka poʻe e noho nei i ka awāwa ʻo Nile. Maiā mai, ka moʻomeheu, e like me ka mōʻaukala o ka wai i ʻōlelo ʻia, e pālahalaha loa i ka Mediterranean, i ka Middle East a ma waho, i ke ala āpau i India a me Kina.
ʻO ka Pelekānia Pelekane ua kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka ulu ʻana i nā ʻōpala kōpala ma ʻAigupita mai ka mua o ke aupuni. Ua haʻi pū ʻia kekahi hiki o frescoes, ka mea e haʻi i ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o kēia mau hua ʻike i ʻike ʻia ma nā kapa o ka Nile.
Loaʻa nā hua wai heʻeono a i ʻole kāna kūpuna mamao i nā hale kupapaʻu o nā pharaohs o ka XII dinast.
Aia ma kahi hōʻike i kākau ʻia nā mea kanu o kekahi o nā ʻano ʻano wai piha i loko o India i ka makahiki 7 o AD. Inā hiki i kēia lā, hoʻohana ʻia nā hua liʻiliʻi o nā mea kanu Citrullus lanatus fistulosus ma India e lilo i mea kanu huaʻai.
I ka X kenekulia, ua hele mai nā kinikini i Kina, kahi ʻāina i kēia lā ke kumu nui o kēia ʻano meloni i ka mākeke honua. A ma ʻEulopa, a ʻoi aku ka pololei ma ka Iberian Peninsula, hele mai nā watermelons me nā koa Moorish.
I nā kenekulia X-XII, ua kanu ʻia ka mea kanu ma Cordoba a ma Seville, kahi, e like me ka mōʻī mau makahiki, ua hāʻule nā kulu i nā ʻāpana ʻē aʻe o ka ʻāina. Ma muli o nā palena hoʻopihapiha, ʻaʻole hiki ke loaʻa i nā hua paʻa i nā wahi ʻē aʻe ma ke kūkulu hema o ʻEulopa, a ua hoʻohana ʻia nā meli ma nā mea kanu heʻe i loko o nā māla a me nā hale ʻōmaʻomaʻo.
He mea hoihoi ia i ka moʻomeheu wikiwiki ka acclimatized ma nā kahakai o ka Honua Mua, kahi i hiki aku ai nā meli wai i ʻelua ala o ka manawa like: me nā poʻe kolonika ʻEulopa a me nā kauwā nā mea i lawe mai mai ka ʻāina ʻEnelani.
Ua ʻike ʻo ia ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā mōʻaukala wai ma ʻAmelika i ka makahiki 1576. I kēia kauwela mamao loa ma Florida, ua kanu mua nā melu e nā manene Helene.
Ma hope iki, ua puka mai nā mea kanu melon ma ke kahe o ʻAmelika Hema. ʻO ka wai ʻona ua mea ʻono i nā ʻohana ʻĀina o ke awāwa ʻo Mississippi, a me nā ʻāpana kūloko o ka Pakipika, me Hawaiʻi nei.
ʻO nā koholā ua ʻike ʻia i ka ʻāina o Rū ma ke Alanui Nui, akā naʻe, no ka paʻakikī o ke anā a hiki i ka waena o ke kenekulia hope, ua hūnā ʻia ka moʻomeheu ma nā wahi hema, no ka laʻana, ma Little Russia, nā Kuban a me nā wahi ʻāpana o ka ʻāina Volga. I ka ʻike ʻana i ka mōʻaukala o nā watermelons ʻaʻole pono e hana a nui, nui ka manawa i noho ai ka mea kanu ma hope o kahi kanaka. I kēia mau lā, ʻo nā aʻa o nā mea kanu i ulu ʻia i nā wahi he nui o Rūsia ma nā pahu kauwela ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia no kekahi.
Akā ʻaʻole kēia e pale i ka hana ʻana o ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ka mea kanu a loaʻa i nā ʻano hou. I kēia manawa, aia he mau haneli he mau ʻano a me nā huaʻai o nā ʻōpū kuʻuna i ka honua. Mahalo i kēia a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā ʻenehana home, ua hiki i ka mea ulu keō i nā hua momona a ʻo kahi hoʻi i lohe ʻole ai ka poʻe i kahi huaʻa.
Eia kekahi, ʻaʻole i palena iki ka mea nānā i nā mea kanu hou o ka ʻano hou me ka ʻili mau a me nā ʻiʻo ʻula.
Hoʻomaʻa ʻia nā ʻōpū ma nā moena, ʻaʻole ma ka ʻulaʻula a i ʻole paha i ulaula, akā ke waiho ʻia nō hoʻi keʻokeʻo a ʻeleʻele hoʻi ma lalo o kahi ʻulaʻula, ʻeleʻele, a ʻeleʻele a i ʻole he melemele paha.
A no nā mea pīkī ʻoluʻolu loa, nā kahuʻai i ka panalāʻau Iapana o Zenzuji, e kau ana i ka ovary i kahi kūlana kūikawā, hoʻokūkū i ka kanu i nā cubic mua, a i kēia manawa wai kalaiwa.
ʻO ka hoʻohālikelike ka ʻenemi
He aha ka mea e hoʻonani ai i nā kānaka ma ka honua āpau i nā puna wai? ʻO ka pane ākea loa ka ʻoluʻolu o ke ʻano o ka hua ʻala. Akā he aha ka hana piha a me ka hoʻohuihui ʻenehana o nā wai, a me nā mea e hoʻopilikia pono ai ke olakino o ke kanaka?
100 kalona o ka pulpula ʻulaʻula hou o ka ʻula he:
- 0.61 kala o ka protein;
- 0.15 kalama o ka momona;
- 7,5 karamu o nā kalapona, 6.2 kalama o ia he gula;
- 0.4 kalama o ka papa kai;
- 91.45 kahe o ka wai.
Me kēia hoʻopiha, ʻaʻole kaʻoi o ka waihona o ka ʻoni a ʻoi aku ma mua o 30 kcal, akā ʻaʻole kēia i pau nā pono o ka ʻai ʻana i nā huaʻai. Loaʻa ka hapa 100-kāloli i nā nui o ka nui o nā huaora, me nā 10% o ka hoʻokomo o kēlā me kēia lā o ka ascorbic acid, me ka la 4% o ka nui o ka beta-carotene pono no kahi kanaka, ka huaora B1, B2 a me B3, B5 a me B6, choline a me nā mea hana micro a me nā macro. ʻO kēia ka calcium, magnesium a me ka hao, potasiuma a me ka phosphorus, manganese, sodium a me ka zinc.
ʻO kahi wahi koʻikoʻi i ka waihona kemana o ka pulp i ka lycopene, aia i loko o 100 mau grika ka nui a hiki i 4530 mcg. A i loko o ka ʻōpū o ka peʻe he nui nā kumu waikawa amino e like me citrulline.
Pehea ka lōʻihi e mālama ai i kahi waiʻauʻau?
E hoʻonui i nā pono o ka mīmela, nā hua ʻala i ulu ʻia e like me nā rula o ka ʻenehana ʻana e pono ai ka ʻai. Eia kekahi, i ka wā e mālama ai, e nalo ana nā wai i kekahi mau huaora, ka wai me ke kō. A ʻo kēia ke ʻano o ka nīnau a pehea e lōʻihi ai e mālama i kahi watermelon he mea nui nui ia. ʻO ka pane i ia mea e pili ana i nā ʻano a me ke kaʻina o ka mālama.
Inā nui ka wai o ka watermelon o ka Ogonyok a i ka Crimson Suite ma hope o hoʻokahi mau pule ma hope o ka neʻe ʻana mai i loko o ka lash, a laila haʻalele kona ʻano a lilo ka grainy, a laila nā hua waiola hou o kā Kholodok ʻano, mālama ʻia a hiki i 5 mau mahina, hiki ke lilo i leʻaleʻa maikaʻi i loko o ka papaʻaina Hou makahiki.
I ka lumi lumi, ua mamao loa i nā lako wela, nā mālamalama a me ka makoo, ʻaʻole i mālama ʻia ka peʻa he lōʻihi a hiki i hoʻokahi mahina. I loko o kahi hoʻoluʻu maloʻo a i ʻole ka ipu lepo, nā wai piha piha he nui ka maikaʻi no 2 a 4 mau mahina.
- Inā makemake ʻoe e mālama hou i ka watermelon, hiki i ka pulp a i nā wai paha ke maloʻo.
- Pau nā ʻāpana wai, ʻimi ʻia kahi ʻano o nā kala. Kūkulu ʻia nā mea hoʻonaninani maoli mai ka wai maloʻo.
- Pēlā me ka waiʻuʻu, ʻokiʻoki, paʻakai a me ka ʻono, hana iā lākou i ka wai a me nā ʻāpana o ka huaʻai huaʻai, kaʻaila a me nā hua ʻala momona.
Ke hoʻohana nei i kēia mau ala, e hoʻolōʻihi ʻia ke ola o ka noho ʻana o kahi wai wai he hoʻokahi makahiki. Akā hiki ke mālama ʻia ke aniani ʻokiʻoki i kahi manawa lōʻihi. Inā ʻo ia i loko o ka friji no kahi lā, ulu ka pathogen flora i ka momona, pulpulu a me nā mea me nā bako e alakaʻi ai i ka fermentation settle. I ka wā eʻoluʻolu ai, hoʻomaka kēia kaʻina hana i mau hola.
ʻO nā hōʻailona o ka wai momona
I mea e ʻike ai i ka ipu wai ʻai, mākaukau piha, he mea nui ʻaʻole ia wale nō i ka mea kūʻai aku ma ke hoa kuʻina, akā no ka mea e noho ana ke kauwela i loaʻa i ka hōʻiliʻili waiwai. Pehea ka lōʻihi o ka mālama ʻana o ka meli, a me nā mea kanu i hōʻuluʻulu ai i loko o kona pulupāka, hilinaʻi i ka ʻike i ke koho. Inā ʻaʻole e ʻokiʻoki i ka hua, hiki ke hoʻoholo ʻia ka ʻōpala e ke hele ʻana o ka ʻohu a me ke kīpē ma luna.
Aia kekahi mau hōʻailona o ka wai māmala hua:
- ʻO ka ʻili o kahi wai māla i māiʻu ka paila maloʻo, paʻakikī ke hōʻino iā ia me ka manamana lima, kahi mea e waiho wale ana i kahi ʻōmole. Inā loaʻa ka matte ka hua kīnā, a laila uhi ʻia ka ʻōmala hua i ke koʻi laula.
- ʻO ka wahi i loaʻa ma ka ʻaoʻao o lalo a pili me ka lepo, he wahi melemele keʻokeʻo. Inā ʻaʻohe māla lau ʻalapona ma ka wahi, ʻaʻohe māka a i ʻole nā mana ʻē aʻe, pohō ka ʻōpala, maloʻo a ʻaʻoheʻino. Manaʻo ia ua ʻoi aku ka māmā a me ka saturated o ke kala o ka wahi, ka ʻoni a ʻoi aku ka hua.
- Hiki i kahi hōʻailona o ka wai māla maikaʻi ke lawelawe ma ke ʻano panuhala maloʻo a me ka antennae, ka mea i kūkulu kokoke ʻia i ka sinus, kahi mai nā hua lāʻau.
- ʻAʻole loa ia e kākē ʻia i ka ʻōpū o kahi wai. E kāhea ka huaʻai i ka leo hohonu hohonu. A ʻoʻokiʻoki, mākaukau e ʻohi i nā hua i ka wā e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ka wai.
ʻO nā pua o nā nitrates i kahi kalai
E like me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe, hiki i nā ʻenehana ke hōʻiliʻili i nā mea kūpono ʻole wale nō, akā he pūhui pū kekahi e hoʻopilikia i ke ola o ke kanaka. Ua ʻike ʻia ua hiki ke keu aku i ke ʻano o nā nitrates i loko o kahi wai kalo inā, i ka manawa ulu o ka wai meli, he mea kanu:
- ua loaʻa i kahi hemahema o ka wela, i hōʻike ʻia i ka hoʻolohi ʻana i ke kaʻina hana hoʻomohala;
- i loaʻa he nui o nā waihona nitrogen;
- ma lalo o ke kumu o nā lāʻau lapaʻau, alakaʻi i ka hōʻiliʻili o nā mea ʻona;
- Pahu ʻia mai ka nele o ka ea i ka lepo a me ka ea;
- ua loaʻa kekahi hemahema i ka lepo o molybdenum, sulfur, cobalt a pālato paha;
- aia ma ka lepo me ka nui o ka wai a i ʻole ka paʻakai.
ʻO ka lōʻihi loa e ʻae ʻia i nā nitrates i loko o kahi ipu wai he 60 mg / kg. A eia hoʻi he mea nui e hoʻomanaʻo e pili ana i ka nui o nā huahana maikaʻi loa e hoʻopili kokoke i ka ʻili, a ma mua hoʻi i ke poko.
No ka pākeke, ʻike ʻia ka nui o nā nitrates i ke kino ma ka pae o 5 mg no ka kilokilo o ke paona. ʻO ka nui loa o ka nitrite he liʻiliʻi iki a ʻaʻole pono e oi aku ma luna o 0.2 mg i hoʻokahi kilokilo o ka paona kino o ke kanaka.
Aia ka nui o nā nitrates i loko o kahi pōpō, hiki i kēia mau mea ke huakaʻi i ka metabola i loko o ke kanaka, a me ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa maʻamau ʻana i nā nui o kēia mau pōpilikia, nā maʻi maʻi pukupuku, cyanosis, hōʻeha nui i ka hoʻohuihui a me ka hāwī ʻana, a hiki ke hōʻeha ka naʻau a me nā ala vascular. Hoʻoweliweli kūwaho kēia mau nitrates a me nā nitrites i ka hoʻolālāʻana o ka pūpū i ka wā hāpai.
I mea e ʻike ai i nā mea āpau e pili ana i ka waiʻauʻau i manaʻo ʻia no ka meaʻai a me ka ʻike o kona palekana, he mea koʻikoʻi ia e pili pono i nā lula o ka ʻenehana ʻoihana mahiʻai i ka wā e ulu a hoʻohana i nā ala o ke ʻano loiloi.
